EXACTION, in law, a wrong done by an officer, or a person in pretended authority, in taking a reward or fee that is not allowed by law. A person guilty of exaction may be fined and imprisoned.

EXACUM, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and tetrandria class of plants; natural order twentieth, rotacea: CAL. tetraphyllous: COR. quadrifid, with the tube globular: CAPS. two-furrowed, bilocular, polyspermous, and opening at the top. Species eighteen, chiefly natives of the East Indies and South America. EXAGGERATE, v. a. & v. n. Fr. exaEXAGGERATION, n. s. gerer: Span. EXAGGERATORY, adj. and Port. exagerar; Ital. essagerarar; Lat. exaggero; er emphatic, and aggero (from ad to, and gero to bear). To heap up; to accumulate; heighten or enlarge by representation, now more commonly used in the figurative than the literal

sense.

He had exaggerated, as pathetically as he could, the sense the people generally had, even despair of ever seeing an end of the calamities. Clarendon.

In the great level near Thorny, several oaks and firs stand in firm earth below the moor, and have lain three hundred of years, still covered by the fresh and salt waters and moorish earth exaggerated upon them. Hale.

Some towns that were anciently havens and ports, are now, by exaggeration of sands between these towns and the sea, converted into firm land.

Exaltation is the act of elevating, or the state elevated to. Exaltedness is height or dignity, real or fancied: hence pride; self-conceit.

As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go? Exodus ix. 17. Against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lift up thine eyes on high? 2 Kings xix. 22. O magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his name together. Psalm xxxiv. 3.

And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell. Matt. xi. 23. She put off the garments of widowhood, for the cxaltation of those that were oppressed. Judith xvi. 8.

The former was an humiliation of Deity, the latter an humiliation of manhood; for which cause there followed an exaltation of that which was humbled; for with power he created the world, but restored it by obedience. Hooker.

A prince exalting his own authority above his laws, is like letting in his enemy to surprise his guards. The laws are the only guards he can be sure will never run away from him. Saville. Exalted she's, but both exalters' good. Donne. His hand exalts the poor, and casts down the mighty from their throne. Bp. Hall's Contemplations. The covenanters, who understood their own want of strength, were very reasonably exalted with this sucClarendon.

cess.

I wondered at my flight and change To this high exaltation. Milton's Par. Lost. But hear, oh hear, in what exalted strains, Sicilian muses, through these happy plains Proclaim Saturnian times, our own Apollo reigns. Roscommon.

Beattie.

Dear princess, said Rasselas, you fall into the common error of exaggerating declamation. Johnson.

EXAGGERATION, in painting, a method by which the artist, in representing things, charges them too much, or makes them too strong, either in respect of the design or coloring. It differs from caricature, in that the latter perverts or gives a turn to the features of a face, &c., which they had not; whereas exaggeration only heightens or improves what they had.

EXAGITATE, v. a. Į Lat. exagito, to move EXAGITA TON, n. s. literally or mentally; (er emphatic, and agito, to shake.) To put into decisive or violent motion; to reproach: passion or exasperation by invective.

This their defect and imperfection I had rather lament in such case than exagitute. Hooker.

The warm air of the bed exagitates the blood.

In God all perfections, in their highest degree and Tillotson. exaltation, meet together. How much soever the king's friends were dejected the passing of these two acts, it is certain, they who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily exalted, and thought themselves now superior to any opposition. Dryden's Eneid, Dedicat. Astrologers tell us, that the sun receives his exaltation in the sign Aries. Dryden.

Now Mars, she said, let fame exalt her voice; Nor let thy conquests only be her choice. Prior. Angels and saints should upon the account of the exaltedness of their nature, see and hear from thence what is done or said from one side of the earth to the other. More.

The wild animals have more exercise, have their

juices more elaborated and exalted; but for the same reason the fibres are harder. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

With chymick art exalts the mineral powers, And draws the aromatick souls of flowers. Pope. You are as much esteemed, and as much beloved, perhaps more dreaded, than ever you were in your highest exaltation. Swift.

They meditate whether the virtues of the one will exalt or diminish the force of the other, or correct any of its innocent qualities.

Watts.

knowledge, and regulating our conduct by reasonable

We are formed by our Creator capable of acquiring

rules; it is therefore our duty to cultivate our understanding, and exalt our virtues. Johnson,

Hope not, though ali that captivates the wise, All that endears the good exalt thy praise; Hope not to taste repose: for Envy's eyes, At fairest worth still point their deadly rays. Beattie, EXALTATION OF THE CROSs, a feast of the Romish church, held on the 14th of September, in memory of the emperor Heraclius having

To put a stop to the insults and detractions of vain men, I resolved to enter into the examination. Woodward.

We ought, before it be too late, to examine our souls, and provide for futurity. Wake's Preparation.

So much diligence is not altogether necessary, but it will promote the success of the experiments, and by a very scrupulous examiner of things deserves to be applied. Newton's Opticks.

brought back the true cross of Jesus Christ on his shoulders, to the place on mount Calvary, from which it had been carried away fourteen years before by Cosroes king of Persia, when he took Jerusalem, in the reign of Phocas. The cross was delivered up by a treaty of peace made with Siroe, Cosroes' son; which is said to have been signalised by a miracle; viz. that Heraclius could not stir out of Jerusalem with the cross, while he had the imperial vestments on, but bore it with ease in a common dress! But, long before Heraclius, there had been a feast of this denomination, both in the Greek and Latin churches. The feast of the dedication of the temple built by Constantine was held, says Nicephorus, on the 14th of September, the day on which the temple had been consecrated, in 335; and was also called the exaltation of the cross, because it was a ceremony therein, for the bishop of Jerusalem to ascend a high place, built by Constantine for that purpose, in manner of a pulpit, and there hoist up the cross, for all the people to see it.

EXAM'INE, v. a. Fr. examiner; Span. EXAM'EN, n. s. and Port. examinar; EXAM'INABLE, adj. Ital. essaminare; Lat. EXAM'INANT, N. S. examinare, from er and EXAM'INATE, animus, the mind. EXAMINATION, Minsheu. To enquire; EXAM'INATOR, try or prove by interEXAMINER. rogatories; question; doubt; ascertain. Examine is synonymous with examination. Examinable that which may be or is proper to be enquired into. Examinant, examiner, and examinator, he who enquires or examines. Examinate, he who is examined.

If we this day be examined of the good deed done to the impotent man. Acts, iv. 9.

Command his accusers to come unto thee, by examining of whom thyself mayest take knowledge of all these things.

Acts.

Let them examine themselves whether they repent them truly.

Church Cat.

In an examination where a freed servant, who having power with Claudius, very saucily had almost all the words, asked in scorn one of the examinates, who was likewise a freed servant of Scribonianus; I pray, sir, if Scribonianus had been emperor, what would you have done? He answered, I would have stood behind his chair and held my peace. Bacon,

This considered together with a strict account, and critical examen of reason, will also distract the witty determinations of astrology.

Browne's Vulgar Errours. An inference, not of power to persuade a serious

examinator.

Id.

To write what may securely stand the test Of being well read over thrice at least, Compare each phrase, examine every line, Weigh every word, and every thought refine. Pope.

Shall I with Bavius, then, my voice exalt, And challenge all mankind to find one fault? With huge examens overwhelm my page, And darken reason with dogmatic rage. When at the usual time he claimed the bachelor,

Young.

ship of arts, he was found by the examiners too conspicuously deficient for regular admission.

Johnson. Life of Swift.

EXAM'PLARY, adj. EXEMPLAR, av S. EXEMPLARILY, adv. EXEMPLARINESS, n. s. EXEMPLARITY, n. s. EXEMPLARY, adj. EXEMPLIFY, U. a. EXEMPLIFIER, n. s. EXEMPLIFICATION.

& Port. exemplar; It, essempio; "Dut. exemple; Lat. eremplum; a pattern. Copy; pattern; precedent;

10

stance; used for that which does or should deter, as

well as for that which deserves or is designed to be imitated; but we only find exemplar used in the latter sense. To example, from the noun, is to furnish an instance of, and is synonymous with ing for imitation or warning; illustrating as proof: to exemplify examplary or exemplary, is, servexemplarily is, in the manner of a pattern: exemplariness, state of being exhibited as a pattern: exemplarity, excellence; a pattern worthy of being imitated.

Be thou an example of the believers. 1 Tim. Sodom and Gomorrah, giving themselves over to fornication, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 7.

When virtue is present, men take erample at it; and when it is gone, they desire it. Wisd. iv. 2.

If he intends to murder his prince, as Cromwell did, he must persuade him that he resolves nothing but his safety; as the same grand exemplar of hypocrisy did before.

Id. King John.

So hot a speed, with such advice disposed, Such temperate order in so fierce a course, Doth want example. The example and pattern of those his creatures he beheld in all eternity. Raleigh's History.

When a prince's example ceaseth to have the force of a law, it is a sure sign that his power is wasting. Saville.

The archbishops and bishops have the government of the church: be not you the mean to prefer any to those places, but only for their learning, gravity, and worth their lives and doctrine ought to be exemplary. Bacon.

An ambassador of Scotland demanded an exemplification of the articles of peace. Hayward.

Princes that would their people should do well,
Must at themselves begin, as at the head;
For men, by their examples pattern out
Their imitations, and regard of laws;

A virtuous court a world to virtue draws.

A father that whipt his son for swearing, and swore while he whipt him, did more harm by his example than good by his correction.

Fuller. She is exemplarily loyal in a high exact obedience. Howel. No man is so insignificant as to be sure his example can do no hurt. Lord Clarendon. If he had shut the commons' house, whilst their champions were exemplarily punished, their jurisdiction would probably in a short time have been brought within due limits.

Taught this by his example, whom I now
Acknowledge my Redeemer ever blest!

Id.

Milton.

In Scripture we find several titles given to Christ, which import his exemplariness as of a prince and a captain, a master and a guide. Tillotson.

Ariseth, being multiplied to scruples, drachms, ounces, and pounds, and then those weights, as they happen to take them, are fixed by authority, and exemplars of them publickly kept. Holder.

My reason is sufficiently convinced both of the truth and usefulness of his precepts: it is to pretend that I have, at least in some places, made examples to his rules. Dryden.

He must have lived but a little while in the world who has not seen examples of this in his time: and he must have read very little who cannot produce examples of it in all sorts of governments in the world. Locke.

A love of vice as such, a delighting in sin for its own sake, is an imitation, or rather an exemplification, of the malice of the devil.

South.

fd.

Example is a motive of a very prevailing force on the actions of men. Rogers. When any duty is fallen under a general disuse and neglect, in such a case the most visible and exemplary performance is required.

Id. A satire may be exemplified by pictures, characters, and examples. Pope.

If all these were exemplary in the conduct of their lives, religion would receive a mighty encouragement. Swift.

sovereign's great example forms a people, The public breast is noble, or is vile, As he inspires it.

Mallet.

To this he calls us, and no man is any further a christian than as he is a follower of Christ; aiming at a more perfect conformity to that most perfect example which he hath set us of universal goodness. Mason.

EXAMPLE, in a moral sense, is either taken for a precedent, for our admonition, that we may be cautioned against the faults or crimes which others have committed; or for a pattern for our imitation. In the latter sense, the example of our Saviour is most proper to form us to holiness. There is no example of a mere man that is to be followed without limitation: but the example of Christ is absolutely perfect; his conversation was a living law.

EXAMPLE, in rhetoric, denotes an imperfect kind of argumentation; whereby it is pleaded, that a thing which happened on some former occasion, will happen again on the present one, from the similitude of the cases.

EXANG'UIOUS, adj. More properly written exsanguious; from er, and sanguis, blood. Bloodless; formed without sanguineous juices. Hereby they confound the generation of perfect animals with imperfect, sanguineous with eranguious. Browne.

The insects, if we take in the exanguious, both terrestrial and aquatick, may for number vie even with plants.

EXAN'IMATE, v. q. & adj.
EXANIMA'TION, n. s.
EXAN'IMOUS, adj.

Ray.

Lat. exanimatus; from er privative, and animus, the soul. To trouble; amaze; dishearten; deprive of animation or life. We find no instance but of the first adjective, yet all the words are in our old vocabularies.

The grey morn

Lifts her pale lustre on the paler wretch,
Exanimate by love.
Thomson's Spring.

EXANT LATE, v. a. Į Lat. exantlo; Gr. EXANTLATION, n. s. 3 εξαντλεω ; from αντλεω, to draw up. To exhaust; shrivel; waste: an act or mode of exhaustion.

By time those seeds are wearied or erantlated, or unable to act their parts any longer. Boyle. EXARATION, n. s. Lat. eraro. The manual act of writing; the manner of manual writing.

EX ARCH, n. s. Į Fr. erarque; Lat. erarEXAR CHATE, n. s. (chus; Gr. apxos; from ε and apyn, government or command. A viceroy, or representative governor; it has been applied particularly to an officer of the German empire resident at Ravenna. See below.

The popes, without admittance either of the emperors themselves, or of their lieutenants the exarchs, ascend not the thrones. Garnet's Trial, 1606.

The exarchate of Ravenna being yielded to the pope, the government of Rome of course devolved upon him; for the Roman dukedom was always subject to the exarch.

Dr. A. Rees.

EXARCH, Gr. εapxos, an appellation given by the eastern emperors to certain officers sent into Italy, in quality of vicars or prefects, to defend that part of Italy which was yet under their obedience; particularly the city of Ravenna against the Lombards, who had made themselves masters of the greatest part of the rest. The residence of the exarch was at Ravenna; which

city, and that of Rome, were all that were left the emperors. The first exarch was the patrician Boetius, famous for his treatise De Consolatione Philosophiæ; appointed in 568, by Justin II. The exarchs subsisted about 185 years, and ended in Eutychius; under whose exarchate the city of Ravenna was taken by the Lombard king Aistulphus. The emperor Frederic created Heraclius, archbishop of Lyons, a descendant of the house of Montboissier, exarch of Burgundy, a dignity till that time unknown any where but in Italy, particularly in the city of Ravenna.

EXARCH, in the eastern church antiquity, a superior over several monasteries; the same that we otherwise call Archimandrite; being exempted, by the patriarch of Constantinople, from the jurisdiction of the bishops.

EXARCH also denotes an officer still subsisting in the Greek church; being a kind of deputy or legate à latere of the patriarch, whose office it is to visit the provinces allotted him, to inform himself of the lives of the clergy; take cognizance of ecclesiastical causes; the manner of celebrating divine service; the sacraments, particularly confession; the observance of the canons; monastic discipline; affairs of marriages, divorces, &c.; but, above all, of the patriarch's revenues, and the collecting of them. The exarch often rises to the patriarchate.

EXARTICULATION, n. s. Lat. ex and articulus. The dislocation of a joint. See ARTI

When ambition is unable to attain its end, it is not only wearied, but exasperated at the vanity of its labours. Parnel.

Their ill usage and exasperations of him, and his zeal for maintaining his argument, disposed him to take liberty. Atterbury.

After the death of Stella, his benevolence was contracted, and his severity exasperated; he drove his acquaintance from his table, and wondered why he was deserted. Johnson. Life of Swift. EXAUCTORATE, or Lat. erauctoro, EXAUC THORATE, v. a. from er, privative EXAUCTORATION, n. s. EXAUCTHORA'TION.

Jand auctoritas, au

thority.

EXAUCTORATIO, in the ancient Roman military discipline, differed from the missio, which was a full discharge, and took place after they had served in the army twenty years; whereas the exauctoratio was only a partial discharge, which was granted after seventeen years' service. They lost their pay indeed, but still kept under their vexilla, or colors, though not under the aquila, or eagle, which was the standard of the legion whence, instead of legionarii, they were called subsignani, and were retained till they had either served their full time, or had lands assigned them.

EXCALCEATION, among the Hebrews, a law, whereby a widow, whom her husband's brother refused to marry, had a right to summon him to a court of justice, and, upon his refusal, might excalceate him, i. e, pull off one of his shoes, and spit in his face, by way of ignominy. EXCANTATION, n. s. Lat. ercanto. enchantment by a counter-charm.

Dis

Fr. Span. ceder; It. ec

cedere; Lat.

EXCEED', v. a. & v.n.
EXCEEDING, n. s. part. adj. & adv. | and Port.er-
EXCEEDINGLY, adv.
EXCESS', n. s.
EXCESSIVE, adj.
EXCESSIVELY, adv.

excedere excessus, i. e. extra incedere, to go beyond, to pass.-Minsheu. To pass beyond; outgo; excel: as a neuter verb, to go too far, or beyond limits; overbalance: exceeding is used both as a substantive, an adjective, and an adverb, by our best writers, although the last use of it is clearly a barbarism. Excess is the state of exceeding; superfluity; exuberance; transgression of limits: hence intemperance; indulgence beyond the bounds of reason.

If the panicum be laid below and about the bottom of a root, it will cause the root to grow to an excessive bigness. Bacon.

Goodness answers to the theological virtue charity, and admits no excess but error: the desire of power in excess caused the angels to fall; the desire of knowledge in excess caused man to fall; but in charity there is no excess, neither can angel or man come in danger by it. Id. Essays. The Earl of Surrey, lieutenant of Ireland, was much feared of the king's enemies, and exceedingly beloved of the king's subjects. Davies on Ireland.

"

The people's property it is, by excessive favour, to bring great men to misery, and then to be excessive in pity. Hayward.

VOL. VIII.

The country is supposed to be exceeding rich.

Abbot.

Pride may be allowed to this or that degree, else a man cannot keep up his dignity. In gluttony there must be eating, in drunkenness there must be drinking; 'tis not the eating, nor, 'tis not the drinking, that must be blamed, but 'tis the excess. So in pride. Selden.

There will be need of temperance in diet; for the body, once heavy with excess and surfeits, hangs plummets on the nobler parts. Duppa,

In your prayers, and places of religion, use reverent postures and great attention, remembering that we speak to God, in our reverence to whom we cannot possibly exceed. Taylor.

A popular sway, by forcing things to give More than was fit for objects to receive, Ran to the same extremes; and one excess Made both, by striving to be greater, less.

unfit manner, with excessive measure, at undue seasons,

Jesting, when not used upon improper matter, in an

or to evil purpose, may be allowed.

Barrow.

Members are crooked or distorted, or disproportionate to the rest, either in excess or defect. Ray.

There has been a great exceeding of late y-ars in the second division, several brevets having been granted for the converting of subalterns into scarfofficers. Spectator.

The action of the Iliad, and taat of the Eneid, were in themselves exceeding short; but are beautifully extended and diversified by the invention of episodes, and the machinery of the gods. Addison.

A man must be excessively stupid, as well as uncharitable, who believes there is no virtue but on his Id. own side. Is not this medium exceedingly more rare and subtile than the air, and exceedingly more elastick and active? Newton's Opticks.

The several rays in that white light retain their colorifick qualities, by which those of any sort, whenever they become more copious than the rest, do by their excess and predominance cause their proper color to appear.

[d.

Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness : even parsimony itself, which sits but ill upon a publick figure, is yet the more pardonable excess of the two. Atterbury.

Nor did any of the crusts much exceed half an inch in thickness. Woodward on Fossils. The serum of the blood affords, by distillation, an exceeding limpid water, neither acid nor alkaline.

Arbuthnot.

And by which they have been so exceedingly affected as to make no doubt but that it was the instant of their conversion. Mason.