capable of being fermented; he then fhews that, during the operation of fermentation, the phlogifton, being separated from the acid, unites with the water of the folution, and that the compound will, in that cafe, be wine, or vinous or ardent fpirit. If the process be continued with an increafed degree of heat, the phlogiston will be evaporated, and the acid only will remain in the water of the folution. This is doubtlefs ingenious, and leads to the following conclufion, that the acid of fugar, of tartar, and of vinegar, are the fame acid, under different modifications.

Having thus determined the conftituent parts of fugar, the Author fhews how fugar may be, and actually is, produced by combining phlogiston with the acid. Thus fugar of lead is, he thinks, the union of the phlogifton of lead with the acid of vinegar. This is doubtful. The other inftances which Mr. Rigby produces feem more fatisfactory, viz. the dulcification of four wines, by impregnating them with fulphur, and the preparing malt, by impregnating it with the fumes of coake or charcoal.

Mr. Rigby is aware that various experiments are yet wanting to complete the theory which he has here offered. It muft, however, be acknowleged, that he has given an account of fermentation that merits the attention of the chemift, and promifes to lead us into a wide field, hitherto unexplored by the inquifitive philofopher, wherein many valuable discoveries may be made, tending both to elucidate the subject, and become beneficial to mankind, by facilitating feveral operations which depend on the process of fer mentation.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 56. An impartial Account of the Difpute between Sir Thomas Beevor, Bart. and John Money, Efq; late Major in the 9th Regiment of Foot. With Obfervations. 4to. IS. Kirkman and Co. No. 79, Fleet-street. 1788.

Relates to a perfonal difagreement between Sir Thomas Beevor and Major Money, which originated in the conteft during the late election for Norwich, The Editor of this publication appears to be the friend of Sir Thomas; but we cannot pretend to judge how far his account is ftriétly impartial: nor does the fubject appear to us entitled to much enquiry. However, with regard to the public importance of any private altercation, the byftander fhould bear in mind, that a man's feelings, in his own caufe, will, fometimes, very naturally, make that appear to him a MOUNTAIN, which, to others, feems only a mole-bill."

Art. 57. Pleafing Reflections on Life and Manners; with Effays, Characters, and Poems moral and entertaining. Principally selected from fugitive Publications, 12mo. 3s. Hooper. 1788.

Mifcellaneous collections, of this kind, are become very numerous; but as they generally confift of moral pieces, they are, to say the leaft of them, innocent, as well as entertaining. The multiplication, therefore, of fuch compilements, is of no differvice to fociety. The pocket volume now before us, is calculated for the instruction, as well as the amufement, of young people, of both fexes. The Editor is Mr. Wright, whofe former publications, of

N 4

a fimilar

a fimilar nature, we have noticed, as intended to subserve the good purposes of religion and virtue.

Art. 58. The Appeal of an injured Wife against a cruel Hufband. Written by Mrs. Farrer. 8vo. 25. Stalker. 1788.

It cannot be fuppofed that we should give our readers an analyfis of this publication, nor prefume to doubt, or vouch for, the authenticity of the horrid facts which it relates. We need only inform them that Mrs. F. is the "wedded wife" of Capt. Farrer [well known as the Protector of Lady Strathmore when he was forcibly carried off by Mr. Bowes]-that fhe accufes him of using her in the bafest and most inhuman manner-of being Lady S's paramour, &c. &c. and that an affidavit is prefixed, of the truth of her narrative:— which is dedicated to Lady S. From this dedication, we shall tranfcribe the first and the last paragraph.

I cannot adopt the common-place flattery of dedications in addreffing a work to you, the contents of which would make the most fervile adulation filent, inftead of pleafing your vanity.-This detail of my miferies will wring your heart, if it be made of "penetrable ftuff;" and if there be but one nerve of fenfibility in it, will awaken that nerve to anguish.

I remain a depreffed and miferable being, ftruggling with calamities of which you are the principal cause and origin; I fhall add no more, but leave the reader to bestow his pity, and deal forth his execration, on the objects who refpectively deferve the one or the M. Farrer.'

other.

Art. 59. Additions and Corrections to the former Editions of Dr. Robertfon's Hiftory of America. 8vo. 6d. Cadell. 1788. Our readers may, perhaps, remember, that, fome time ago, we gave an account of Clavigero's Hiftory of Mexico; in which work, the author threw out various reflections, tending, in feveral inftances, to impeach the credit of Dr. Robertfon's Hiftory of America. This attack, it appears, induced our learned hiftorian to revife his work, and to enquire into the truth of the charges brought against it by the Historian of New Spain; and this he appears to have done with a becoming attention to the importance of the facts that are controverted, and to the common interests of truth. In many of the difputed paffages, he has fully anfwered the Abbé Clavigero, and vindicated himself; in others, he has candidly fubmitted to correction, and thereby given additional value to his own work. The additions refer to the octavo edition, printed in 1783; the purchafers of which are obliged to the bookfeller for this feparate publication of the improvements.

THEOLOGY.

Art. 60. Sacred Biography: or the Hiftory of the Patriarchs. Being a Courfe of Lectures delivered at the Scots Church, London Wall; by Henry Hunter, D. D. Vol. IV. 8vo. 6s. Boards. Murray. 1788.

Dr. Hunter here carries forward his plan of lectures on the hif tory of the Old Teftament, in the fame declamatory ftyle, in which

* Vid. Appendix to Review, vol. lxxvi. p. 633.

the

the former volumes were written; but gives his fancy a ftill freer fcope, when he finds himself on the fairy ground of types and emblems. He fpeaks of it as probable, that the Grecians borrowed their ftyle of architecture from the Hebrew model. The variegated cieling of the holy place he understands to have been a reprefentation of the impenetrable receffes of the eternal mind; the quadrangular figure of the altar, and the equality of its fides, an emblem of the impartial extenfion of divine goodness to the four quarters of the world; and its materials of Shittim wood and pure gold, a figure of the twofold nature of Chrift.

Thefe pretty fancies might, for aught we know, have had a powerful effect in preaching; but we very much queftion whether, in reading, they will have any other effect than to raise a smile. There is a point of condefcenfion to vulgar conceptions, below which no writer of real ability should ever fuffer himself to pass.

Art. 61. Six Chapters of the Gospel according to St. Luke, from the 10th to the 15th inclufive; with the long Words divided into Syllables, at the Head of each Chapter, after the Method of Mr. Brown's Family Teftament: with a Morning and Evening Prayer, taken from Dr. Adams's Paftoral Advice before Confirmation. 12mo. 2d. or is. 6d. per Dozen. Johnson. 1788. Ufeful for Sunday schools.

Art. 62. Two Effays on Juftification, and the Influence of the Holy Spirit. By W. Ludlam, B. D. Rector of Cockfield, Suffolk, and formerly Fellow of St. John's, Cambridge. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Davies. 1788.

For an account of fome theological effays*, formerly publifhed by this worthy writer, we refer to our Review for January 1786, p. 15. Mr. Ludlam, both in that tract, and in the prefent publication, justly reprehends the mistaken and injurious ufe, which has been made, by fome writers and teachers, of the metaphorical language of fcripture; and he alfo oppofes the explications and pretenfions of thofe who lay claim to the teaching of the Spirit, or a kind of divine inspiration. He still appears, as in his former publications, to be a man of genuine piety and good fenfe; and while he pleads for the ufe of our understanding, in religious inquiries, he reafons like a firm friend to Chriftianity and virtue. We are forry to add, that the learned world was deprived of this excellent man, foon after the publication of the prefent tract, a few months ago He was eminent as a philofopher, mathematician, mechanic; and, to crown all, a candid and rational divine †.

Art. 63. The Young Chriftian's Introduction to the Knowledge of his God and Saviour Jefus Chrift. By J. Hodfon, M. D. 12mo. 6d. Deighton, &c. 1788.

The Author undertakes to explain the doctrine of the Trinity • in an easy and familiar manner,' for the use of Sunday schools.

On fcripture metaphors, &c.

+ We have heard that in his very advanced age, he fhewed fome partiality toward the Methodists; but we queftion the truth of the report.

If the children can comprehend his notions, they will have the advantage of those who are of riper years.

Art. 64. Sermons on Public Occafions, and Tracts on Religious Subjes. By R. Watson, D. D. F. R. S. Lord Bishop of Landaff, and Reg. Prof. of Divinity at Cambridge. 8vo. 6s. Boards. Elmfley. 1788.

The articles in this Volume are:

1. A fermon preached at Cambridge affixes, March 9, 1769; for an account of which, fee Review, vol. xl. p. 352.

II. A fermon preached before the Governors of Addenbrook's Hofpital, Cambridge, July 1, 1774. This fermon hath not before appeared in print. The text is Gal. vi. 10. As we have therefore an opportunity, let us do good unto all; from which words the perfuafive preacher almost compels his hearers to contribute their mite for the relief of their poor fick brethren.

III. The Principles of the Revolution vindicated; a fermon preached before the University of Cambridge, May 29, 1776. This admirable difcourfe met with our fulleft approbation on its first appearance in print (fee Review, vol. Iv. p. 8o.), and was the cause of a controverfy, in which the adherents to the Stuart family made a despicable attempt to overturn the arguments of the worthy preacher. See Review, vol. lv. p. 317. two articles; and p. 478.

IV. A fermon preached before the University of Cambridge, on the anniversary of his Majesty's Acceffion to the Throne, October 25, 1776. For an account of this excellent conftitutional difcourfe, fee Review, vol. lvi. P. 80.

V. A fermon preached before the University of Cambridge, on the day appointed for a General Faft, Feb. 4, 1780. Of this first-rate pulpit production, fee our account, with large extracts, Review, vol. Îxii. p. 329.

VI. A fermon preached before the Lords, Jan. 30, 1784. We have already bestowed, in our 70th vol. p. 166. a juft tribute of praife on this difcourfe, which is indeed worthy the philofopher and politician.

VII. A fermon preached in the parish church of St. Bride's, London, before the Lord Mayor, &c. on Monday in Eafter week, 1786. This fermon, which is now firft published, is unlike the generality of difcourfes on charitable inftitutions, being void of those common-place ideas, and worn-out expreffions, which commonly fill the Easter Monday city fermons. The text is John, xiii. 35.

VIII. A difcourfe delivered to the Archdeaconry of Ely, May 1780. This learned charge was noticed in our Review, vol. Ixiii. p. 371. It is now reprinted with confiderable additions.

IX. An apology for Chriftianity, in a feries of letters addreffed to Edward Gibbon, Efq. fee Review, vol. Iv. p. 453.

X. A letter to his grace the Archbishop of Canterbury; see Review, vol. Ixviii. p. 431.

In August 1786, the Bifhop received a letter, figned by two clergymen, together with a printed one, giving an account of an intended meeting of the curates in Lancashire, to confider of fome mode of applying for a relief of their diftreffes, requefting his affiftance in fupporting their caufe. The worthy prelate's anfwer to this letter

5

clofes

clofes the prefent volume. He politely excufes him felf from interfering in the affairs of the curates of the county of Lancaster, and gives very fufficient and fatisfactory reasons for his conduct on that occafion. In his letter to the Archbishop, he declared, that the matters contained in it should never be brought forward by him, unless a general approbation of the propofed plans fhould in fome degree infure their establishment. His wish was, that the attempt to relieve the inferior clergy, might originate from another body of men.

His Lordship is aware that the political principles contained in this volume of tracts, may not be acceptable to all parties. Many of them, he fays, were not originally written, nor are they now republished, with a view of pleafing or difpleafing any party, but from a conviction, that they are wholly confonant to that fyftem of civil government, which it would be the interest of freemen every where to fubmit to; and intirely repugnant to that, which it is the unhappiness of flaves, in many countries, to endure.'

This character of the Bishop's volume of tracts fo entirely agrees with our own opinion of its merit, that we have adopted it as the best general account which we could give of his Lordship's collection.

Art. 65. A Short Account of the Doctrines and Practices of the Church of Rome, divested of all Controverfy, and humbly recommended to the Perufal of all good Catholics as well as Proteftants. 8vo. p. 74. Dublin, printed for Watfon. 1788.

This is a brief, familiar, and, in all probability, a juft reprefentation of the diftinguishing tenets of the church of Rome; at least, the Author, in his introduction, and in feveral other parts of his performance, appeals to Mr. O'Leary for the truth of what he writes. If in any particular I am mistaken, I doubt not, but Mr. O'Leary, a gentleman of great learning and known moderation, will fet me right.'

If, as we have been credibly informed, this is the performance of a clergyman of eighty-eight years of age, it may be confidered as a rare exertion of a vigorous understanding, at a time of life when few of the fons of men who attain fuch an advanced age, poffefs either mental or bodily powers, capable of much exertion.

*The Reverend Daniel Beaufort.

SINGLE SERMON S.

I. Preached before the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, in the Abbey Church of Westminster, on Wednèfday, January 30, 1788, being the Anniversary of King Charles's Martyrdom. By Samuel, Lord Bishop of Gloucester. 4to. Is. Cadell. 1788.

Thofe political prejudices and paffions, which the religious ob fervance of the 30th of January was defigned to perpetuate, are now fo much erafed from the minds of the people, that multitudes, and among thefe fome of the firmett friends of our national eftablishment, begin to be offended with what formerly gave no offence, but rather pleasure, viz. hearing paffages of Scripture, which can only refer to the immaculate Saviour of the world, applied to an earthly

prince,