A. D. 1529.

May 30.

May 31.

June 1.

May 22.

On Sunday I dispatched Sultan Junîd Birlâs, Hassan Khalifeh, Mûlla Apâk's men, and the brother of Momin Utkeh, with orders to proceed and join Bâki, and to use all their endeavours to forward the service till my arrival.

The same day, about afternoon prayers, I bestowed a dress of honour from my own wardrobe, and a Tipchâk horse, on Shah Muhammed Maarûf, and dismissed him. In the same manner as last year, I had given Sarun as an assignment to him and Kundleh, for the purpose of supporting and paying the wages of the archers, I now gave Ismâel Jilwâni an allowance of seventy-two laks' out of Sirwâr, bestowed on him a dress of honour from my own wardrobe, and a Tipchâk horse, and dismissed him. To Ilawel Khan Lohâni, and the body of men that accompanied him, I also gave assignments on Sirwâr, and they took leave. It was settled, that each of them should always leave his son or younger brother in Agra, to await my orders.

It had been agreed with the Bengâlis, that they should carry, by way of Termhâni, to Ghazipûr, the Gunjaish and Arâish, with two Bengali ships which I had selected from among those that had fallen into my hands in Bengal. I ordered the Fermâish and the Asâish to sail up the Sirû along with the camp.

Having accomplished all my views in Behâr, and on the Sirû, on the Monday, after crossing at the passage of Choupareh Chitermuk, I marched up the Sirû towards Oud, keeping close along the banks of the river. After a march of ten kos, we encamped on the banks of the Sirû, hard by a place called Kilîreh, dependant on Fatehpûr, in which there were extremely beautiful gardens, embellished by running streams and handsome edifices; we particularly admired the number of Mango trees, and of richly coloured birds of various kinds. Having rested some days, I directed the army to march towards Ghazipûr. Ismâel Khan Jilwâni, and Ilawel Khan Lohani, asked leave to visit their native country, after which they promised to repair to Agra. I agreed to give them leave at the end of one month.3

4

2

A number of our troops being overtaken by night, lost their way, and went to the great tank of Fatehpûr. Some men were dispatched to bring in such of the stragglers as were near at hand, while Kuchek Khwâjeh was sent to stay all night at the tank, and in the morning to bring back with him to the camp such troops as had halted there. We marched thence early in the morning; in the middle of the march I embarked in the Asâish, and we were pulled up to the camp. By the way, a son of Shah Muhammed Diwâneh, who had been sent by Bâki with letters for Khalifeh, met us, and gave an accurate statement of the transactions at Luknow. It appears, that on Saturday, the 13th of Ramzan, the enemy had made an attack, but could effect nothing. During the assault, some hay that had been collected, being set on fire by the fireworks, turpentine, and other combustibles that were thrown on it, the inside of the fort became as hot as an oven, and it was impossible to stand on the parapet, and consequently the fort was taken. Two or three days afterwards, on hearing of my return,

1£18,000, which may seem small, while £720,000, supposing the laks to be of rupees, would be too large.

2 On the Ganges.

3 Here my Persian manuscript closes. The two additional fragments are given from Mr Metcalfe's manuscript alone, and, unluckily, it is extremely incorrect.

4 This fragment is from Mr Metcalfe's MS., folio 166, page 1.

the enemy marched towards Dilmu. This day also, we advanced ten kos, and halted hard by a village named Jalisîr, in the perganna of Sikri, on the banks of the river Sirû.

2

On Wednesday we continued in the same station, to rest our cattle. Many came June 2. in with reports, that Sheikh Bayezîd and Baben had crossed the Ganges, and intended to push on with their troops, and fall upon the territories of Jôn (pûr) and Chunâr. The Amîrs were summoned, and a council held. It was arranged that Muhammed Zemân Mirza, Sultan Jûnîd Birlâs, who had got the government of Chunâr and some other pergannahs in exchange for Jonpur, Mahmûd Khan Lohâni, Kazi Jiâ, and Tâj Khan Sarangkhâni, should march, and prevent the enemy from reaching Chunâr.

Reaches

Next morning, being Thursday, we marched early, left the river Sirû, and having June 3. advanced eleven kos, and passed Perserû, encamped on the banks of the river Perserû.3 Perserú. Here I assembled the Amîrs, and held a consultation; after which I appointed Ishân Taimûr Sultan, Muhammed Sultan Mirza, Tokhteh Bûgha Sultan, Kâsim Hussain Sultan, Nâkhûb Sultan, Mozeffer Hussain Sultan, Kâsim Khwâjeh, Jaafer Khwâjeh, Khwâjeh Zâhid, Khwâjeh Jân Beg, with the servants of Askeri, and Kuchik Khwâjeh; and from among the Amîrs of Hind, Alim Khan Kâlpi, Malekdâd Kerrâni, and Randi Surwâni, to proceed towards Dilmu in pursuit of Baben and Bayezîd, ordering them instantly to separate from the army, and to follow the enemy with all celerity. I purified myself in the Perserû. I and those who were along with me took a number of fish by fixing lights to a piece of frame-work, which was then moved along the water.*

On Friday we encamped on one of the branches of this Perserû. It was a very June 4 small stream. To obviate the inconvenience arising from the passing and repassing of the troops, we made a dam higher up, and constructed a place ten by ten, for the purpose of bathing; we passed the eve of the 27th at this same station.

June 5. Passes the Tousin. June 5.

June 7.

Next morning we left this stream and encamped, after passing the river Tousin." On Sunday too, we encamped on the banks of the same river. On Monday the 29th, we halted on the banks of the Tousin. This night, although June 6. the weather was not quite favourable, a few persons got a sight of the moon, and bore testimony to the fact, in presence of the Kazi. This fixed the end of the month. Next day, being Tuesday, we set out, after we had said the prayers of the Id. Having June 8. marched ten kos, we halted within one kos of Taek, on the banks of the Gûmti. To

1 Dilmû, or Dalmow, on the Ganges, south-east of Bareilli.

2 This fragment is from Mr Metcalfe's MS., folio 166, p. 2.

3 After leaving the Sirû or Gogra river, Baber marches west, and comes on the Perserû, the Sarjoo of Arrowsmith, which seems to be chiefly formed by branches coming off from the Gogra below Morâdgange.

This mode of fishing is still practised in India.

5 About twenty feet square.

The Tousin, or Tonse, is a branch from the Gogra, coming off above Fyzâbâd, and joining the Sarju or Perserû, below Azimpûr.

This being the month of Ramzân, the great Fast of the Muhammedans, they were anxious to see the new moon of Shawal, when it concluded.

The great festival on the conclusion of the Fast of Ramzân.

'Baber always denominates the Gumti, Gûi.

A. D. 1529. wards noon-day prayers, I took a maajûn with Sheikh Zîn, Mûlla Shehâb, Chand Amir

June 9.

June 10.

Passes the
Ganges.

Reaches
Korah.

June 17.

June 19.

(Tûrki verse.)—They dropped in by threes, and twos, and ones. Derwish Muhammed, Yunis Ali, and Abdalla, were also there. amused us with wrestling.

The wrestlers

On Wednesday we continued to halt on the same ground. About luncheon time1 I took a maajûn. Tâj-Khan, who had gone to keep the Sherki Princes from Chunâr, returned this day. We had a wrestling match. The champion Oudi, who had arrived some time before, tried his skill with a Hindustâni wrestler who was there, and threw him. I bestowed fifteen laks on Yahîa Lohâni in Sirû, by way of allowance; clothed him in a complete dress of honour, and gave him leave.

Next morning we marched eleven kos, passed the river Gumti, and halted on the banks of the same river. Here we learned, that the party of Sultans and Amîrs who had been sent on the expedition, had reached Dilmu; that they had passed first the Ganges, and afterwards the Jumna, in pursuit of the enemy; that they had taken Alim Khan along with them, had followed the enemy for many kos with great keenness, and having left the latter river, after three marches, had returned to Dilmu. This day, most of our troops passed the Ganges by a ford. Having sent the campequipage and troops across, I eat a maajûn lower down than the ford, on an island. We halted on the spot where we passed the river, to give time to such as had not crossed to come over. That same day Bâki Tashkendi arrived with his troops, and was introduced.

Advancing two marches from the Ganges, we halted in the neighbourhood of Korah,3 on the banks of the river Rind. From Dilmu to Korah is twenty-one kos.

On Thursday we marched early from our ground, and halted before the perganna of Adampur. We had previously sent one or two persons to Kalpi, to bring whatever boats might be there, for the purpose of following after the enemy. The evening we halted there a few boats arrived, and a ford over the river was discovered. The camp being very dusty, and at some distance from the river, I slept on an island, where I remained for several days, day and night. For the purpose of gaining accurate information regarding the enemy, I dispatched Bâki Sheghâwel with a few troops across the river, to procure intelligence of the enemy.

4

Next day, about afternoon prayers, Jumaa, a servant of Bâki, arrived with information, that he had routed one of Sheikh Bayezîd and Baben's outposts, killed Mobârek Khan Jilwâni, an officer of some note, with a number of others, and cut off some heads, which he sent, with one living prisoner. He gave a circumstantial narrative of the particulars of this defeat, and of all that had happened.

The same night, being the eve of Sunday the 13th, the river Jumna rose, so that we could not remain in the tent, which in the morning had been pitched on the island; we

3 Korah, or Corah, lies between the Ganges and Jumna rivers. Arrowsmith, I suppose by a mistake of the pen, places it on the Riride, instead of the Rind.

Miângi-perhaps boatmen.

were therefore obliged to remove to another island a bow-shot off, where I took up my quarters in another tent that was pitched.

On Monday, Jilâl Tâshkendi arrived from the Sultans and Amîrs who had gone on June 21. the expedition. Immediately on discovering some men of their left wing, Baben and Sheikh Bayezid had fled from the pergannah of Mahûbeh. As the rains had set in, and as we had been for five or six months engaged in various expeditions in the field, so that the horses and cattle of the troops were worn out, I sent notice to the Sultans and Amîrs who had been detached, to inform them that I should remain a few days in Agra and that vicinity, to wait their arrival. The same day, about afternoon prayers, I gave Bâki Sheghawel and his party leave to go home. To Mûsi Maarûf Fermuli, who had come and offered me his allegiance when the army was passing the Sirû on its return, I gave a perganna of thirty laks' out of Amerhâr for his support, a complete dress of honour2 from my own wardrobe, and a horse with its saddle, and dismissed him to Amerhâr.

Having settled everything in this quarter, on Tuesday eve, after about one geri of Sets out for Agra. the fourth watch was past,3 I set out post for Agra.

Next morning, after having ridden sixteen kos, I passed the noon in a perganna de- June 22. pendent on Kalpi, called Bilâder; whence, after resting our horses, we set out at evening prayers. This night we rode thirteen kos, and at the end of the third watch halt- June 23. ed at the tomb of Bhau Khan Sirwâni, in Sougandpûr, one of the pergannas of Kâlpi. Having mounted early, by noon prayers, I had advanced seventeen kos, and at mid- Arrives night reached the garden of Hesht Behisht at Agra. at Agra.

Next morning, being Friday, Muhammed Bakhshi and some others came and paid June 25. me their respects, after which I went into the castle and visited the Begums, my paternal aunts. A native of Balkh had prepared some melon beds. A few of the melons which had been preserved, were now presented to me, and were very excellent. I had set a few vine-plants in the garden of Hesht Behisht, which I found had produced very fine grapes. Sheikh Kuren also sent me a basket of grapes, which were very excellent. I was truly delighted with having produced such excellent melons and grapes in Hindustân.

5

It was Sunday at midnight when I met Maham. I had joined the army on the June 27. 10th of the first Jemâdi. It was an odd coincidence that she had also left Kâbul the January 21. very same day.

Thursday, the 1st of Zilkadeh, was the day on which the Peshkeshes or tributary July E. offerings were made to Hûmâiûn and Maham in the great Hall of Audience, on a grand levee day. The same day we dispatched a servant of Faghfûr the Diwân, accompanied by a hundred or a hundred and fifty hired porters, to bring melons, grapes, and other fruits from Kâbul.

Melons are now cultivated by the commonest gardeners all over Hindustân, and form part of the food of all ranks. This valuable present seems to be due to Baber's activity of mind. Grapes, too, are found in most gardens of any consequence.

* A name of endearment, which Baber gave to his favourite wife, the mother of Hûmâiûn.

A. D. 1529. July 10.

July 11.

Conspiracy of Abdal

July 18.

July 22.

July 26.

Disaffection

dâd.

On Saturday the 3d, Hindu Beg, who had arrived with an escort from Kâbui, whence he had been sent for immediately on the death of Ali Yûsef, arrived and was introduced.

Hisâm-ed-din Khalîfeh, having arrived from Alwâr, also waited on me this day. Next morning, being Sunday, Abdalla, who had been sent to Termhali1 in consequence of the death of Ali Yûsef, returned back.

From the men who had come from Kâbul, we learned that Sheikh Sherîf Karabâghi, whether from the evil suggestions of Abdal-azîz, or from mere attachment to him, ascribing to us tyranny that never had been exercised, and offences never committed, had written certificates, to which he had compelled the Imâms to affix their names, and had sent copies of these certificates, to different cities, in hopes of exciting commotions; that Abdal-azîz, too, had disobeyed several orders which he had received, had been guilty of uttering several most unbecoming expressions, and of doing some most improper acts; on these accounts, on Sunday the 11th, I sent Kamber Ali Arghûn, to apprehend and bring to the presence Sheikh Sherif, the Imâms of Lahore, and Abdalazîz.

On Thursday the 15th, Sultan Taimur arrived from Tejâwer and waited on me. The same day the champion Sadik, and Oudi, had a great wrestling match. Sadik threw Oudi with great ease, which vexed him extremely.

On Monday the 19th, having given Morâd Korchi, the Kezelbâsh ambassador, a side-dagger, clothed him in a suitable dress of honour, and made him a present of two hundred thousand tankehs, I gave him leave to return.

At this time, Syed Mehdi arrived from Guâliâr, and informed us of the revolt of of Rahim- Rabîmdâd. Shah Muhammed, the seal-bearer, a servant of Khalifeh's, had been sent by him to Rahîmdâd with a letter of advice. Shah Muhammed went, and in a few days returned with Rahîmdâd's son, but he himself did not choose to come. In order, however, to lull our suspicions asleep, Nûr Beg came, and having preferred the same requests that Rahîmdâd bad formerly made, actually gained Firmâns comformable to his wishes. When the Firmâns were on the point of being dispatched, one of Rahîmdâd's servants arrived, and gave us information that he had himself been sent for the purpose of effecting the escape of the son, and that the father had not the least intention of coming. On getting this intelligence, I wished instantly to have proceeded against Guâliâr. Khalifeh, however, requested that he might be permitted to address one other letter of advice to Rahîmdâd, as probably he would submit peaceably. Shehâb-ed-dîn Khosrou was sent to carry this remonstrance.

Angus 12.

On Thursday, the 7th of the month, Mehdi Khwâjeh' arrived from Etâwa. On the day of the Id, I bestowed on Hindu Beg a complete dress3 from my own wardrobe, a sword and belt enriched with precious stones, and a Tipchak horse. To Hassan Ali, who was one of the most eminent among the Chaghatai Turkomâns, I gave a Siropâ (or complete dress of honour), a side-hanger adorned with jewels, and a perganna of seven laks.1

'He had been sent to Sambal on the occasion mentioned. Termhâni is mentioned p. 420.
• This Mehdi Khwâjeh was Baber's son-in-law.
Siropâ.

* About £1750. The rate used for reducing Baber's crores and laks to English money, may sometimes appear to reduce them too much; and yet it is probably near the truth.