China and Vietnam: The Politics of Asymmetry

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Cambridge University Press, 2006. 2. 13.
In their three thousand years of interaction, China and Vietnam have been through a full range of relationships. Twenty-five years ago they were one another's worst enemies; fifty years ago they were the closest of comrades. Five hundred years ago they each saw themselves as Confucian empires; fifteen hundred years ago Vietnam was a part of China. Throughout all these fluctuations the one constant has been that China is always the larger power, and Vietnam the smaller. China has rarely been able to dominate Vietnam, and yet the relationship is shaped by its asymmetry. The Sino-Vietnamese relationship provides the perfect ground for developing and exploring the effects of asymmetry on international relations. Womack develops his theory in conjunction with an original analysis of the interaction between China and Vietnam from the Bronze Age to the present.

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164 ÆäÀÌÁö - Such has been the fate of every country which has found itself in a similar position. The United States in America, France in Algeria, Holland in her colonies, England in India — all have been irresistibly forced, less by ambition than by imperious necessity, into this onward march, where the greatest difficulty is to know where to stop.
39 ÆäÀÌÁö - Robert O. Keohane. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1984); and Vinod Aggarwal, Liberal Protectionism: The International Politics of Organized Textile Trade (Berkeley: University of California Press. 1985). See also Ernst B. Haas, "Why Collaborate? Issue-Linkage and International Regimes.
41 ÆäÀÌÁö - James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985); James C.
63 ÆäÀÌÁö - If the One man err repeatedly, Should dissatisfaction be waited for till it appears? Before it is seen, it should be guarded against." In my dealing with the millions of the people, I should feel as much anxiety as if I were driving six horses with rotten reins. The ruler of men — How should he be but reverent (of his duties...
220 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... officers and defence attaches from the US Embassy in Bangkok have visited Khmer Rouge enclaves."93 The reasons for supporting the Thai-based DK coalition go beyond their "continuity" with the Khmer Rouge regime. A more fundamental reason was outlined by our ally Deng Xiaoping in 1979: "It is wise to force the Vietnamese to stay in Kampuchea because that way they will suffer more and more and will not be able to extend their hand to Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore."94 This motive of "bleeding...
114 ÆäÀÌÁö - I, Fa, the principled, king of Kau by a long descent, am about to administer a great correction to Shang. Shau, the present king of Shang, is without principle, cruel and destructive to the creatures of Heaven, injurious and tyrannical to the multitudes of the people, lord of all the vagabonds under heaven, who collect about him as fish in the deep, and beasts in the prairie.
220 ÆäÀÌÁö - I do not understand why some people want to remove Pol Pot. It is true that he made some mistakes in the past but now he is leading the fight against the Vietnamese aggressors."38 Deng has been backed in this stance by the Reagan administration (see "Phase III in Indochina,
39 ÆäÀÌÁö - Charles P. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929-1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973); Marina vN Whitman, "Leadership without Hegemony,

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Brantly Womack is Professor of Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia, and has been named an honorary professor at Jilin University in Changchun and East China Normal University in Shanghai. He is the author of Foundations of Mao Zedong's Political Thought and Politics in China (with James Townsend), and the editor of a number of books, including Contemporary Chinese Politics in Historical Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 1991). After receiving his BA Magna cum Laude in Politics and Philosophy from the University of Dallas in 1969, Womack began studying Chinese while on a Fulbright Scholarship in Philosophy to the University of Munich. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago, where Tang Tsou was his mentor. After post-doctoral studies at the Contemporary China Center of the University of California, Berkeley, he taught at Northern Illinois University and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London before going to the University of Virginia. He has served as Director of the East Asia Center, Chair of the Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, and Director of the University's International Activities Planning Commission. He has made frequent visits to China since 1978 and to Vietnam since 1985, and has published articles comparing their politics and exploring their relationship in World Politics, Government and Opposition, the China Journal, Asian Survey, Pacific Affairs, and elsewhere. His articles on asymmetry in international relations have appeared in the Journal of Strategic Studies, the Journal of Contemporary China and Pacific Affairs.

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