passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth, 3 And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, funto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea. 4 So the children of Joseph, Manassch and Ephraim, took their inheritance. 5 And the border of the children of Ephraim, according to their families, was thus: even the border of their inheritance on the east side was Ataroth-addar, unto Beth-horon the upper : 6 And the border went out toward the sea to Michmethah on the north side; and the border went about eastward unto Taanath-shiloh, and passed by it on the east to Janohah; 7 And it went down from Janohal to Ataroth, mand to Naarath, and came to Jericho, and went out at Jordan. Machir, the first-born of Manasseh, the father of Gilead: because he was a man of war, therefore he had Gilead and Bashan. 2 There was also a lot for the rest of the children of Manasseh by their families; " for the children of Abiezer, and for the children of Helek, and for the children of Asriel, and for the children of Shechem, and for the children of Hepher, and for the children of Shemida: these were the male children of Manasseh, the son of Joseph, by their families. 3 But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons, but daughters: and these are the names of his daughters, Mahlah, and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. 4 And they came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying, a The LORD com8 The border went out from Tappuah west-manded Moses to give us an inheritance among ward unto the "river Kanah; and the goings out thereof were at the sea. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Ephraim by their families. f Chap. 18 13 2 Chron. 8. 3.-g 1 Chron. 7. 29. 1 Kings 9. 15-h Ch. 17. 14.-i Ch. 18. 13--k 2 Chron. 8. 5-1 Ch. 17. 7-m 1 Chron. 7. 2-n Ch. 17. 9.-0 Ch. 17. 9. p Jug 1.29 See 1 Kings 9. 16.—q Gẹn. 41. 51. & 46. 20. & 48. 18.-r Gen. 50. 23. Numb. 26, 29. & 32. 39, 40. 1 Chron. 7. H. Ephraim, extended along the borders of Benjamin and Dan, from Jordan on the east, to the Mediterranean on the west. Verse 2. From Beth-el to Luz] From Gen. xxviii. 19. it appears, that this place which Jacob called Beth-el, was formerly called Luz; see the note there; but here, they seem to be two distinct places. It is very likely, that the place where Jacob had the vision was not in Luz, but in some place within a small distance of that city or village: see the note on Gen. xxviii. 12. that sometimes the whole place was called Beth-el, at other times Luz, and sometimes, as in the case above, the two places were distinguished. As we find the term London, comprises not only London, but also the city of Westminster and the borough of Southwark; though at other times all three are distinctly mentioned. Archi to Ataroth] Archi was the country of Hushai, the friend of David, 2 Sam. xv. 32. who is called Hushai the Archite. Ataroth, called Ataroth-addar, Ataroth the illustrious, ver. 5. and simply Alaroth, ver. 7. is supposed to have been about fifteen miles from Jerusalem. Verse 3. Beth-horon, the nether] This city was about twelve miles from Jerusalem, on the side of Nicopolis, formerly Emmaus, CALMET. See the note on chap. x. 10. Verse 5. Alaroth-addar] See the note on ver. 2. Beth-horon the upper] The situation of this town is little known. It was eastward of Beth-horon the nether, and consequently not far from it. Verse 8. Tappuah] This was a city in the tribe of Manasseh, and gave name to a certain district, called the Land of Tappuah. See chap. xvii. 8. The sea] The Mediterranean, as before. Verse 9. And the separate cities] That is, the cities that were separated from the tribe of Manasseh, to be given to Ephraim: see chap. xvii. 9. Verse 10. The Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer] It appears that the Canaanites were not expelled from this city till the days of Solomon, when it was taken by the king of Egypt, his father-in-law, who made it a present to his daughter, Solomon's queen. See 1 Kings ix. 16. And see the note on Josh. x. 33. The Ephraimites, however, had so far succeeded in subjecting these people, as to ob our brethren. Therefore, according to the commandment of the LORD, he gave them an inheritance among the brethren of their father. 5 And there fell ten portions to Manasseh, beside the land of Gilead and Bashan, which were on the other side Jordan; 6 Because the daughters of Manasseh had an inheritance among his sons: and the rest of Manasseh's sons had the land of Gilead. 7 And the coast of Manasseh was from Asher to Micmethah, that lieth before Shechem; and the border went along on the right hand unto the inhabitants of En-tappuah. 8 Now Manasseh had the land of Tappuah: but Tappuah, on the border of Manasseh, belonged to the children of Ephraim: 9 And the coast descended unto the river Kanah, southward of the river: these cities of Ephraim are among the cities of Manasseh: the coast of Manasseh also was on the north s Deut. 3. 15.-t Numb. 25. 29-32--u 1 Chron. 7. 18.--v Nurab. 25. 30. Jezer. w Numb. 26, 31.-x Numb. 26. 32-y Numb. 26. 33. & 27. 1. & 36. 2-z Ch. 14. 1-a Nunb. 27. 6, 7.-b Ch. 16. 6. Ch. 16. 8.--d Ch. 16. 8-e Or, brook of reeds. f Ch. 16. 9. lige them to pay tribute, though they could not, or at least did not, totally expel them. Or the names and places in this chapter, we may say the same as of others already mentioned. See the note on chap. xv. 1. Many of those towns were small, and we may rationally conclude, slightly builded; and consequently have perished perhaps more than a thousand years ago. It would be therefore useless to look for such places now. Several of the towns in England, a land not exposed to such revolutions as that of Palestine has ever been, mentioned by Cæsar and other ancient writers, are no longer discernible. Several have changed their names, and not a few their situation. Tradition states, that the city of Norwich anciently stood some miles from its present situation; and we have the fullest proof that this was the case with the city of Salisbury. Such changes do not affect the truth of the ancient geography of our own country; nor can they impeach that of the sacred historian before us. NOTES ON CHAPTER XVII. Verse 1. There was also a lot for the tribe of Manasseh] It was necessary to mark this, because Jacob, in his blessing, Gen. xlviii. 19, 20. did, in a certain sense, set Ephraim before Manasseh, though the latter was the firstborn: but the place here shows, that this preference did not affect the rights of the primogeniture. For Machir-because he was a man of war] It is not likely that Machir himself was now alive; if he were, he must have been nearly 200 years old. It is therefore probable, that what is spoken here, is spoken of his children, who now possessed the lot that was originally designed for their father: who, it appears, had signalized himself as a man of skill and valour, in some of the former wars, though the circumstances are not marked. His descendants, being of a warlike intrepid spirit, were well qualified to defend a frontier country, which would be naturally exposed to invasion. Verse 2. The rest of the children of Manasseh] That is, his grand children; for it is contended, that Manasseh had no other son than Machir: and these were very probably the children of Gilead, the son of Machir. Verse 3. Zelophehad had no sons, but daughters] giants, if side of the river, and the outgoings of it were | land of the Perizzites and of the mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee. at the sea: 10 Southward it was Ephraim's, and northward it was Manasseh's, and the sea is his border; and they met together in Asher on the north, and in Issachar on the east. 11 And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Beth-shean and her towns, and Ibleam and her towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, and the inhabitants of En-dor and her towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and her towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns, even three countries. 12 Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants of those cities; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. 13 Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to * tribute; but did not utterly drive them out. k 14 And the children of Joseph spake unto Joshua, saying, Why hast thou given me but one lot and one portion to inherit, seeing I am "a great people, forasmuch as the LORD hath blessed me hitherto? 15 And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great people, then get thee up to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in the g1 Chron. 7. 29.-h 1 Sam. 31. 10. 1 Kings 4. 12-i Judg. 1. 27, 28.—k Ch. 16. 10. 1 Ch. 16. 4.—m Gen. 48. 22-n Gen. 48. 19. Numb. 26. 31, 37.-0 Or, Rephaims. Gen. 14. 5. & 15. 20, See this case considered at large in the notes on Numb. xxvii. 1-7. and xxxvi. 1, &c. Verse 5. There fell ten portions to Manasseh] The Hebrew word an chebeley, which we translate portions, signifies literally, cords, or cables; and intimates, that, by means of a cord, cable, or what we call a chain, the land was divided. We have but little account of the arts and sciences of the Hebrews; yet, from the sketches which we find in different parts of the Old Testament, it appears that their minds were, in many respects, well cultivated: nor could the division, which is mentioned in this book, have been made without such a measure of geographical knowledge, as we find it difficult to grant them. Suppose, even in this case, the land was not measured with the chain, which, in some cases, would have been impracticable; because the ancient inhabitants still occupied the places which were allotted to certain tribes, or families; yet the allusion to this mode of measurement shows that it was well known among them. As there were six sons and fire daughters, among whom this division was to be made, there should be eleven portions; but Zelophehad, son of Hepher, having left five daughters in his place, neither he nor Hepher are reckoned. The lot of Manasseh therefore was divided into ten parts; five for the five sons of Gilead, who were Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, and Shemidah; and five for the five daughters of Zelophchad, viz. Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. CALMET. Verse 9. Unto the river Kanah] Literally the river, or valley of the reeds. Translated by the Vulgate, rallis arundineti. The tribe of Manasseh appears to have been bounded on the north by this torrent or valley, and on the south by the Mediterranean sea. Verse 10. They met together in Asher, on the north.] The tribe of Asher extended from the Mediterranean sea to mount Carmel, chap. xix. 26. and the tribe of Manasseh extended to Dor, and her towns, (see the following verse,) which were in the vicinity of Carmel; and thus it appears that these two tribes formed a junction at the Mediterranean sea. This may serve to remove the difficulties in this verse-but still it does appear that in several cases the tribes were intermingled; for Manasseh had several towns, both in Issachar and in Asher, see ver. 11. In like manner, Judah had towns in Dan and Simeon; and Simeon had towns in Judah-and what is spoken of the boundaries of the tribes, may be sometimes understood of those towns which certain tribes had within the limits of others. For, in several cases, towns seem to be interchanged, or purchased, by mutual consent, so that in some instances the possessions were intermingled, without any confusion of the tribes or families. Verse 11. Beth-shean] Called afterwards Scythopolis, the city of the Scythians, or Cuthites--those who were sent into different Samaritan cities by the kings of Assyria. Dor] On the Mediterranean sea, about eight miles from Cæsarea, on the road to Tyre. 16 And the children of Joseph said, The hill is not enough for us: and all the Canaanites that dwell in the land of the valley have P chariots of iron, both they who are of Beth-shean and her towns, and they who are of the valley of Jezreel. 17 And Joshua spake unto the house of Joseph, even to Ephraim and to Manasseh, saying, Thou art a great people, and hast great power: thou shalt not have one lot only: 18 But the mountain shall be thine; for it is a wood, and thou shalt cut it down: and the outgoings of it shall be thine: for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have iron chariots, and though they be strong. CHAPTER XVIII. The tabernacle is set up at Shiloh, 1. Seven of the tribes having not yet received their inheritance, 2 Joshua orders three men from each tribe to be chosen, un, setL TO examine the land, and divide it into seven parts, which should be distributed among them by lot, 3-7 The men go and do as commanded, and return to Jostra, 8, 9. Joshua casts lots for them, 10. The lot of Benjamin, how situated, 11. Its northern boundaries, 12-14. Its southern boundaries, 15-19. Its eastern boundary, D Its cities, 21-23. Anne ante AND the whole congregation of the An Exod lar. children of Israel assembled together at Shiloh, and set up the taber-ip. 87. nacle of the congregation there. And the land was subdued before them. 2 And there remained among the children p Judg. 1. 19. & 4. 3-9 Ch. 19. 18. 1 Kings 4. 18-r Deut. 29 1 Jul 1. 19 & 4.3 Ch. 19. 51. & 21. 2 & 22. 9. Jer. 7. 12-t Judg. 18. 31. 1 Sam 1. 3, 24 & 4. 3, 4. En-dor] The well or fountain of Dor, the place where Saul went to consult the witch. I Sam. xxviii. 7, &c. Verse 12. Could not drive out, &c.] They had neither grace nor courage to go against their enemies; and chose rather to share their territories with those whom the justice of God had proscribed, than exert themselves to expel them. But some commentators give a different turn to this expression, and translate the passage thus. But the children of Manasseh could not (resolve to) destroy those cities, but the Canaanites consented to dwell in the land. And as they were willing to pay tribute, and the others chose to tolerate them on those terms, they agreed to dwell together but this paying of tribute seems not to have taken place till some time after-when the children of Israel were waren strong, &c. Verse 15. If thou be a great people] Joshua takes them at their own word; they said, ver. 14, that they were a great people-then, said he, If thou be a great people, or seeing thou art a great people, go to the wood country, and clear away for thyself. Joshua would not reverse the decision of the lot, but as there was much woodland country, he gave them permission to clear away as much of it as they found necessary, to extend themselves as far as they pleased. Verse 16. The hill is not enough for us] The moun tain of Gilboa being that which had fallen to them by lot. Chariots of iron] We cannot possess the plain country, because that is occupied by the Canaanites; and we cannot conquer them, because they have chariots of iron, that is, very strong chariots, and armed with scythes, as is generally supposed. Verse 18. The outgoings of it shall be thine] Clear away the wood, occupy the mountain, and you shall soon be able to command all the valleys; and, possessing all the defiles of the country, you shall drive out the Canaanites, though they have chariots of iron--your situation will be advantageous, your numbers very respectable, and the band of God will be upon you for good. 1. FROM the whole history of the Iraelites, we find that it was difficult to please them: they had a dissatisfed mind; and hence were rarely contented. From the above account we learn, that the children of Joseph were much inclined to quarrel with Joshua, because they had not such a lot as they wished; though they could not be ignorant that their lot, as that of the others, had been determined by the especial providence of God. 2. Joshua treats them with great firmness--he would not attempt to alter the appointment of God; and he saw no reason to reverse or change the grant already made. They were both numerous and strong, and if they put forth their strength, under the direction of even the ordinary providence of God, they had every reason to expect success. 3. Slothfulness is natural to man-it requires much training to induce him to labour for his daily bread: if God should miraculously send it, he will wonder and eat it; and that is the whole. Strive to enter in at the strait gate, is an ungracious word to many-they profess to trust in A. M. 2561. B. C. 1443. CHAP. XVIII. of Israel seven tribes, which had not yet received | of Benjamin came up according to their fami 3 And Joshua said unto the children of Israel, "How long are ye slack to go to possess the land, which the LORD God of your fathers hath given you? 4 Give out from among you three men for each tribe: and I will send them, and they shall rise, and go through the land, and describe it according to the inheritance of them; and they shall come again to me. 5 And they shall divide it into seven parts: ▾ Judah shall abide in their coast on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their coast on the north. 6 Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts, and bring the description hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God. 7 But the Levites have no part among you; for the priesthood of the LORD is their inheritance: and Gad, and Reuben, and half the tribe of Manasseh, have received their inheritance beyond Jordan on the east, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave them. 8 And the men arose and went away; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying, Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come again to me, that I may here cast lots for you before the LORD in Shiloh. 9 And the men went and passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book, and came again to Joshua to the host at Shiloh. 10 And Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to their divisions. 11 ¶ And the lot of the tribe of the children u Judg. 18. 9.— Ch. 15. 1.-w Ch. 16. 1, 4.-x Ch. 14. 2. & Ver. 10.-y Ch. 13, 33. z Ch. 13. 8-a See Ch. 16. 1. God's mercy, but labour not to enter into that rest.-God NOTES ON CHAPTER XVIII. Verse 3. How long are ye slack to go to possess the land] We find an unaccountable backwardness in this people, to enter on the inheritance which God had given them! They had so long been supported by miracle, without any exertions of their own, that they found it difficult to shake themselves from their inactivity. When it was necessary that all the people should go out to battle, they went with a measure of confidence, expecting miraculous help from God, and confiding in their numbers-but when each tribe found it necessary to fight for itself, in order to its establishment, and the extension of its borders, it was discouraged, and chose rather a life of inglorious ease, than the possession of an inheritance which would cost it much labour to conquer. Verse 4. Three men for each tribe] Probably meaning only three from each of the seven tribes, who had not yet received their inheritance. It is likely that these twentyone men were accompanied by a military guard, for without this they might have been easily cut off by straggling parties of the Canaanites. They shall-describe it] It is likely they were persons well acquainted with geography and mensuration, without which, it would have been impossible for them to have divided the land, in the way necessary, on this occasion. a 12 And the border on the north side was from Jordan; and the border went up to the side of Jericho on the north side, and went up through the mountains westward; and the goings out thereof were at the wilderness of Beth-aven. 13 And the border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of Luz, which is Beth-el, southward; and the border descended to Ataroth-adar, near the hill that lieth on the south side of the nether Beth-horon. 14 And the border was drawn thence, and compassed the corner of the sea southward, from the hill that lieth before Beth-horon southward; and the goings out thereof were at Kir. jath-baal, which is Kirjath-jearim, a city of the children of Judah: this was the west quarter. 15 And the south quarter was from the end of Kirjath-jearim, and the border went out on the west, and went out to the well of waters of Nephtoah: 16 And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the giants on the north, and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to En-rogel, 17 And was drawn from the north, and went forth to En-shemesh, and went forth toward Geliloth, which is over against the going up of Adummim, and descended to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben, 18 And passed along toward the side over against Arabah northward, and went down unto Arabah: 19 And the border passed along to the side of b Gen. 29. 19. Judg. 1. 23-e Ch. 16. 3-d Ch. 15. 9.-e Ch. 15. 9.- Ch. 15. 8. g Ch. 15. 7.-h Ch. 15. 6-i Ch. 15. 6.-k Or, the plain. Verse 5. Judah shall abide-on the south, and the house of Joseph-on the north] Joshua does not mean that the tribe of Judah occupied the south, and the tribe of Ephraim and Manasseh the north of the promised landthis was not the fact: but being now at Shiloh, a considerable way in the territory of Ephraim, and not far from that of Judah, he speaks of them in relation to the place in which he then was. Calmet considers him as thus addressing the deputies: "Go and examine the whole of the country which remains yet to be possessed; do not take into consideration the tribe of Judah, which is on the south, nor the tribe of Ephraim, which is on the north of where we now are; but carefully divide the remaining land, which is not occupied by these tribes, into seven equal parts." This makes a very good sense, and frees the place from embar rassment. Verse 7. The priesthood of the Lord is their inheritance] We have already seen, that the priests and Levites had the sacrifices, oblations, tithes, first-fruits, redemption-money of the first-born, &c. for their inheritance; they had no landed possessions in Israel; the Lord was their portion. Verse 9. And described it-in a book] This, as far as I can recollect, is the first act of surveying on record. These men and their work differed widely from those who had searched the land in the time of Moses: they went only to discover the nature of the country, and the state of its inhabitants; but these went to take an actual geographical survey of it, in order to divide it among the tribes which had not yet received their portions. We may suppose that the country was exactly described in a book, that is, a map, pointing out the face of the country, accompanied with descriptions of each part. Verse 11. And the lot-of Benjamin came up] On the manner of casting the lot, see on chap. xiv. 2. and Numb. xxxvi. 55. There were probably two urns, one of which contained the names of the seven tribes, and the other that of the seven portions. They therefore took one name out of the first urn, and one portion out of the second; and thus the portion was adjudged to that tribe. Verse 12. The wilderness of Beth-aven] This was the same as Beth-el; but this name was not given to it, till Jeroboam had fixed one of his golden calves there. Its first name signifies the house of God; its second, the house of iniquity. Verse 16. To the side of Jebusi] The mountain of 585 Beth-hoglah northward: and the outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the Salt sea at the south end of Jordan: this was the south coast. 20 And Jordan was the border of it on the east side. This was the inheritance of the children of Benjamin, by the coasts thereof round about, according to their families. 21 Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, and Beth-hoglah, and the valley of Keziz, 22 And Beth-arabah, and Zemaraim, and Beth-el, 23 And Avim, and Parah, and Ophrah, 24 And Chephar-haammonai, and Ophni, and Gaba; twelve cities with their villages: 25 Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth, 26 And Mizpeh, and Chephirah, and Mozah, 27 And Rekem, and Irpeel, and Taralah, 28 And Zelah, Eleph, and Jebusi, which is Jerusalem, Gibeath, and Kirjath; fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families. CHAPTER XIX. The lot of Simeon, 1–9. Of Zebulun, 10-16. Of Issachar, 17-23 Of Asher, 21-31. Of Naphtali, 32-39. Of Dan, 40-43. Joshua's portion, 49-50. The conclusion of the division of the land, 51. An. Exod. Isr. Anno ante Aiton seen for the tribe of the ND the second lot came forth to children of Simeon according to their families: " and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. 2 And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, Sheba, and Moladah,. 3 And Hazar-shual, and Balah, and Azem, 4 And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, 5 And Ziglag, and Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susah, 1 Heb. tongue.-m Ch. 15. 8. Numb. 26. 54. & 33. 54.-n Ver. 9.-0 1 Chron. 4. 23. Zion, that was near Jerusalem-for Jebusi, or Jebus, was the ancient name of this city. Verse 17. En-shemesh] The fountain of the sun-a proof of the idolatrous nature of the ancient inhabitants of this land. Geliloth] As the word signifies borders or limits, it is probably not the proper name of a place. And went forth toward the BORDERS 10hich are over against the ascent to Adummim. Verse 19. The north bay of the Salt sea] As the word ps leshon, signifies the tongue, it may here refer to the point of the Dead or Salt sea. Of these tongues or points, it had two, one on the north, and the other on the south. Verse 21. Now the cities] Some of these cities have been mentioned before, and described; of others we know nothing but the name. Verse 24. And Gaba] Supposed to be the same as Gibeah of Saul, a place famous for having given birth to the first king of Israel-and infamous for the shocking act toward the Levite's wife, mentioned Judg. xix. which was the cause of a war, in which the tribe of Benjamin was nearly exterminated. Judg. xx. Verse 25. Gibeon] See before, chap. x. This place is famous for the confederacy of the five kings against Israel, and their miraculous defeat. Ramah, a place about six or eight miles north of Jerusalem. Beeroth-wells, one of the four cities which belonged to the Gibeonites, who made peace with the Israelites by stratagem. See chap. ix. 6 And Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages: 7 Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages: 8 And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath-beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families. 9 Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: P therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them. 10 T And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families; and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid: 11 And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam; 12 And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth-tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia, 13 And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah-hepher, to Ittah-kazin, and goeth out to Remmon-methoar to Neah; 14 And the border compasseth it on the north are in the valley of jiphthahel side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof 15 And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities with their villages. 16 This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages. 17 And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families. p Ver. 1.-q Gen. 49. 13.-r Ch. 12. 22-| Or, which is drawn. Jerusalem, which was also called Salem; and was probably the place in which Melchizedek reigned in the days of Abraham; though some think a different place is meant ; for, that there was another place of the same name, is evident from John iii. 23. This place, called Salim by the evangelist, is said to be near to Enon, and there John baptized, because there was much water in the place. This, however, must not be confounded with the Salem mentioned above; for that this was a name of Jerusalem, is evident from Psal. lxxvi. 1, 2. In Judah is God known; his name is great in Israel. In SALEM also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling place in Zion. This must refer to Jerusalem, where the temple was situated. Whether Jebus or Jebusi, had its name from the Jebusites, or the Jebusites from it, cannot be ascertained. NOTES ON CHAPTER XIX. Verse 1. The second lot came forth to Simeon] In this appointment the providence of God may be especially remarked: for the iniquitous conduct of Simeon and Levi in the massacre of the innocent Shechemites, Gen. xxxiv. Jacob, in the spirit of prophecy, foretold that they should be divided in Jacob, and scattered in Israel, Gen. xlix. 7. And this was most literally fulfilled, in the manner ins which God disposed of both these tribes afterward. Levi was scattered through all Palestine, not having received any inheritance, only cities to dwell in, in different parts of the land; and Simeon was dispersed in Judah, with what could scarcely be said to be their own, or a peculiar lot. See the note on Gen. xlix. 7. Verse 26. And Mizpeh] This place is celebrated in the Sacred Writings. Here the people were accustomed to assemble often in the presence of the Lord-as in the deliberation concerning the punishment to be inflicted on the men of Gibeah, for the abuse of the Levite's wife, Judg.lowing places, see the notes on chap. xv. xx. 1-3. Samuel assembled the people here to exhort them to renounce their idolatry, 1 Sam. viii. 5, 6. In this same place Saul was chosen to be king, 1 Sam. x. 17. It was deemed a sacred place among the Israelites; for we find, from 1 Maccab. iii. 46. that the Jews assembled here to seek God, when their enemies were in possession of the temple. Verse 2. Beer-sheba] The well of the oath. See the note on Gen. xxi. 31. Verse 3. Hazar-shual] For this and several of the fol Verse 28. And Zela] This was the burying place of Saul, Jonathan, and the family of Kish. See 2 Sam. xxi. 14. Jebusi, which is Jerusalem] We often meet with this name, and it is evident that it was the ancient name of Verse 5. Beth-marcaboth] The house or city of chariots. Probably a place where their war-chariots and cavalry were laid up. Verse 6. Beth-lebaoth] The house or city of the lionesses. Probably so called from the numbers of those animals which bred there Verse 8. Baalath-beer] The well of the mistresses. Probably so called from some superstitious or impure worship set up there. Verse 13. Gittah-hepher] The same as Gath-hepher, the birth-place of the prophet Jonah. Verse 15. Shimron] See on chap. xii. 18 And their border was toward Jezreel, and | emek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the Chesulloth, and Shunem, left had, 19 And Haphraim, and Shihon, and Anaharath, 20 And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez, 21 And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez; 22 And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Beth-shemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages. 23 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages. 24 And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families. 25 And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, 26 And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihor-libnath; 27 And turneth toward the sunrising to Bethdagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthah-el toward the north side of Beth * Ch. 11. 8. Julg. 1. 34-t Heb. Tzor. 2 Sam. 5. 11. Beth-lehem] The house of bread; a different place from that in which our Lord was born. 28 And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon; 29 And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to " Achzib: 30 Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages. 31 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages. 32 The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families. 33 And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum, and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan: 34 And then the coast turneth westward to Aznoth-tabor, and goeth_out from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon Jordan toward the sun-rising. n Gen. 38. 5. Judg. 1. 31. Mic. 1. 14.-v Deut. 33, 23. book of Joshua was written after the days of David. The town in question is supposed to be the same which Josephus, in his Life, calls XoBovλw, Choboulo, and which he says was situated by the sea side, and nigh to Ptolemais. De Bell. Jud. lib. iii. c. 4. Verse 28. Unto great Zidon] The city of Sidon, and the Sidonians, are celebrated from the remotest antiquity.They are frequently mentioned by Homer.-See the note on chap. xi. ver. 8. Verse 17. The fourth lot came out to Issachar] It is remarkable, that though Issachar was the elder brother, yet the lot of Zebulun was drawn before his lot-and this is the order in which Jacob himself mentions them, Gen. xlix. 13, 14. though no reason appears either here or in the place above, why this preference should be given to the younger; but that the apparently fortuitous lot should have distinguished them just as the prophetic Jacob did, is peculiarly remarkable. Known unto God are all his works from the beginning-He has reasons for his conduct, which, in many cases, are too great for any of his creatures to comprehend: but he works all things after the counsel of his own will, which is ever right and good and in this case his influence may be as easily seen in the decision by the lot, as on the mind of the patriarch Jacob, when he predicted what should befall his children in the latter days-nearly the same; ad civitatem munitissimam Tyrum, to and his providence continued to ripen, and bring forward what his judgment had deemed right to be done. : Verse 18. Jezreel] This city, according to Calmet, was situated in an open country, having the town of Legion on the west; Bethshan on the east; on the south the mountains of Gilboa, and on the north those of Hermon. Shunem] This city was rendered famous by being the occasional abode of the prophet Elisha; and the place where he restored the son of a pious woman to life. 2 Kings iv. 34. It was the place where the Philistines were encamped on that ruinous day in which the Israelites were totally routed at Gilboa, and Saul and his sons Jonathan, Abinadad, and Malchishua, killed. 1 Sam. xxviii. 4. xxxi. 1, &c. Verse 22. Beth-shemesh] The house or temple of the Eun-there were several cities or towns of this name in Palestine, an ample proof that the worship of this celestial luminary had generally prevailed in that idolatrous country. Verse 26. Carmel] The vineyard of God-a place greatly celebrated in Scripture-and especially for the miracles of Elijah, see 1 Kings xviii. The mountain of Carmel was so very fruitful as to pass into a proverb. There was another Carmel in the tribe of Judah, see chap. xv. 55. but this, in the tribe of Asher, was situated about one hundred and twenty furlongs south from Ptolemais, on the edge of the Mediterranean sea. Calmet observes that there was, in the time of Vespasian, a temple on this mountain, dedicated to a god of the same name. There was a convent, and a religious order known by the name of Carmelites, established on this mountain in honour of Elijah; the time of the foundation of this order is greatly disputed.-Some pretend that it was established by Elijah himself; while others, with more probability, fix it in A. D. 1180 or 1181, under the pontificate of Pope Alexander III. Verse 27. To Cabul on the left hand] That is, to the north of Cabul, for so the left hand, when referring to place, is understood among the Hebrews. We must not confound this town of Cabul with the twenty cities given by Solomon to Hiram, with which he was displeased, and which, in contempt, he called the land of Cabul, the dirty or paltry land, 1 Kings ix. 11-13. there was evidently a town of this name, widely different from the land so called, long before the time of Solomon, and therefore this cannot be adduced as an argument that the Verse 29. The strong city Tyre] I suspect this to be an improper translation. Perhaps the words of the original should be retained: and the coast turneth to Ramah and to the city, mibtsar tsor. Our translators have here left the Hebrew, and followed the Septuagint and Vulgate; a fault of which they are sometimes guilty. The former render the place εως πολεως οχυρώματος των Τυριών, unto the fortified city of the Tyrians. The Vulgate is the well-fortified city Tyre: but this must be incorrect; for the famous city of Tyre was not known till about A. M. 2760, about two hundred years after the days of Joshua. Homer, who frequently mentions Sidon and the Sidonians, never mentions Tyre; a proof that this afterward very eminent city was not then known. Homer is allowed by some to have flourished in the time of Joshua; though others make him contemporary with the Israelitish Judges. The word tsor, or tsar, which we translate, or change into Tyre, signifies a rock or strong place: and as there were many rocks in the land of Judea, that, with a little art, were formed into strong places of defence, hence several places might have the name of Tsar or Tyre. The ancient and celebrated Tyre, so much spoken of, both in saered and profane history, was a rock or small island in the sea, about six or seven hundred paces from the main land. In order to reduce this city, Alexander the Great was oblig ed to fill up the channel between it and the main land; and, after all, took it with much difficulty. It is generally supposed that a town on the main land, opposite to this fortified rock, went by the same name; one being called Old Tyre, the other New Tyre. It was out of the ruins of the old Tyre, or that which was situated on the main land, that Alexander is said to have filled up the channel between it and the new city. Of this city, Isaiah, chap. xxiii. and Ezek. chap. xxvii. and xxviii. have given a very grand description, and also predicted its irreparable ruin, which prophecies have been most literally fulfilled. See more on the above places. Achzib] Called afterward Ecdippé, and now called Zib, it is about nine miles distance from Ptolemais, toward Tyre. Verse 30. Twenty and two cities] There are nearly thirty cities in the above enumeration, instead of twentytwo, but probably several are mentioned that were but frontier towns, and that did not belong to this tribe, their border only passing by such cities; and on this account, though they are named, yet they do not enter into the enumeration in this place. Perhaps some of the villages are named, as well as the cities. Verse 34. And to Judah upon Jordan] It is certain that the tribe of Naphtali did not border on the east upon Judah, for there were several tribes between them. Some think that as these two tribes were bounded by Jordan or |