Army under Clinton, 63, 64,
and also New York, 64-68,
and subsequently Narragan-
sett Bay with army division
at Newport, 72, 77; tone of
French, as indicated by Gov-
ernment instructions, and
action of officers, 83, 89, 91, 92,
166, 235; effect of seasonal
conditions upon operations of,
in Europe and in America,
98, 100, 113, 115, 147, 149,
159; in East Indies, 251;
inefficiency of Spanish. 116,
125, 147, 189, 231, 232.
Nelson, mentioned or quoted, 38,

39, 109, 126, 132, 140, 155,
160, 202, 225, 226, 243.
New Jersey, Washington crosses
from New York into, 45;
operations in, 1776, 46-49;
impracticable to British, in
1777, and consequent effect
upon Howe's course, 51, 52,
56; retreat of British from
Philadelphia through, 1778,
63, 64.
Newport, Rhode Island, taken pos-
session of by British, 47;
importance of, 48; siege of,
by Americans and French,
70, 73, 77; abandoned by
British, 115; occupied by
French, 150, 155, 170, 173, 174,
179. See Narragansett Bay.
New York, water communications
between St. Lawrence and,
7, 8; British occupy harbor
of, 1776, 38; operations
around, 1776, 39-46; har-
bor, approaches, and forti-
fications about, 40-42; Wash-
ington abandons, 45, 46;
British occupy, 45; British
forces in, unable to coöperate
with those in Philadelphia, 56,
63; Lord Howe's prepara-
tions to defend, 64-67; d'Es-
taing's failure to attack, 67,
68; Rodney goes from West
Indies to, 150, 152, 159.

Order, of Battle, 93 (and note), 137-
140, 191; comparison be-
tween Keppel's, off Ushant,

and Byron's, off Grenada, 112;
Graves', off Cape Henry,
179-183, criticized by Hood,
181, 182; Hood's at anchor
off St. Kitts, 202, 203.

Palliser, Sir Hugh, British Admiral,
third in command at Battle of
Ushant, 84, 87, 90, 91, 93-96;
court of inquiry upon, 95-97.
Parker, Sir Hyde, (1) British Ad-
miral, left in temporary com-
mand at New York by Howe,
1778, 80 (and note); in like
position in Leeward Islands
by Byron, 1779-1780, 113,
128; biographical summary
of, 113; quoted, 129, 130;
nickname of, 130; implied
censure of, by Rodney, in
battle of April 17, 1780, 136;
returns to England, 136;
commands at Battle of the
Dogger Bank, 189-193; his
reply to George III, 193;
ordered to East Indian com-
mand, and lost at sea, 194.
Parker, Hyde, (2) British Naval
captain (afterwards Admiral
Sir Hyde), in operations about
New York, 1776, 39, 44, 46;
in expedition against Savan-
nah, 1778, 113, 114; bio-
graphical summary of, 113
(note). (In 1801, commander-
in-chief over Nelson, at Copen-
hagen, 39, 80, note).
Parker, Sir Peter, British Admiral,
commands naval force in
expedition against Charles-
ton, 1776, 31; attack of,
upon Fort Moultrie, 33-38;
gives promotion to Nelson,
Collingwood, and Saumarez,
38; at operations around
New York, 38, 43, 45, and at
Narragansett Bay, 48; com-
mands Jamaica Station, 149,
153, 155, 159, 176, 177, 185;
superseded at Jamaica by
Graves, 1781, 185.

Burgoyne's advance to Sara-
toga, 1777, 51.
Philadelphia, occupation of, by Brit-

ish, 52-55; brief tenure of,
55; inutility of, to British,
56; evacuation of, by British,
and hazardous retreat from,
to New York, 63, 64.

Quebec, attack upon by Americans,
under Montgomery, 1775, 9,
10; blockade of, by Arnold,
1776, 10, 11; relieved by
British navy, 10-12; utility

cesses of de Grasse against,
167, 168; sends Hood to
New York with fleet, 176,
177, and returns to England
on leave, 177; returns to
West Indies, 1782, and re-
joins Hood, 205; pursuit of
French armament against Ja-
maica, 207-212; victory of,
in battle of April 12, 213-220;
failure of, to improve his
success, 220-225; superseded
by Pigot, and returns finally
to England, 225.

Raids, by British navy, 56, 114.
Rhode Island, 47, 48, 69, 70, 72,

77, 78, 79, 115, 150, 155.
See Narragansett Bay.
Riedesel, Baron, commander of Ger-

man troops in Canada, 1776;
testimony of, to effects of
delay by Arnold's flotilla on
Lake Champlain, 13, 25;
quoted, 21, 23.

Rochambeau, French general, com-

manding forces in America,
requests coöperation of de
Grasse against Cornwallis,
168.

Rodney, Sir George (afterwards
Lord), British Admiral, ap-
pointed to command Leeward
Islands Station, 1779, 115,
121; sails to relieve Gibraltar,
122; on the way, destroys
two Spanish squadrons, 122–
125; relieves the place, and
sails for West Indies, 125,
126; actions with de Guichen,
April and May, 1780, 130-
135, 142-144; censures offi-
cers of the fleet, 135-139, 145;
further proceedings in West
Indies, 1780, 146-150; takes
fleet to New York, 150, and
turns to West Indies, 159;
capture of Dutch islands, 1781,
160; proceedings of, at St.
Eustatius, 161, 162; sends
Hood off Martinique to in-
tercept de Grasse, 162; suc-

Joshua, British Admiral,
brilliant conduct of, in Byron's
action, 106, 107, 109; im-
plicitly censured by Rodney,
136.

Sandy Hook, at entrance to New
York Harbor, 52, 63, 64, 65,
66, 76, 113, 150, 177, 184,
185. Lord Howe's prepara-
tions at, for defence of New
York, 1778, 65, 66.

Santa

Lucia, French West India
Island, capture of, by Brit-
ish, 1778, 100-102; d'Es-
taing's ineffectual attempt to
retake, 103, 104; military
value of, 104, 207; de
Guichen seeks to retake, 142;
mentioned, 105, 106, 128, 141,
144, 148, 165, 167, 168, 206.
surrender of Burgoyne
at, why decisive, 3, 6; capitu-
lation there, determined by
Arnold's defence of Lake
Champlain, 3, 7, 13, 14, 25;
Burgoyne's surrender at, 28,
50-53.

Saratoga,

Saumarez, James (afterwards Lord

de), British naval officer, mid-
shipman at attack upon Fort
Moultrie, 1776, 35, 38; lieu-
tenant at the battle of the
Dogger Bank, 1781, 192
(note); captain in West Indies,
1782, 196; biographical sum-
mary of, 196 (note); in
Rodney's victory, 1782, 218,
221.
Savannah, capture of, by British,
1778, 113; disastrous effect