vantage than it might seem to be at first sight, for it must be remembered that the professors are known to be pressed with other work, and the students, having most of them just graduated from the college, and having thus hardly escaped their feeling of awe toward the older members of the faculty, will scarcely approach the instructors with the perfect freedom that could be wished. The Professor gives his invitation, indeed, but the student either knows, or feels, that it is given with a certain reservation. An overworked An overworked man, he says to himself, who sets me no particular time for visiting him-whom I may find, when I call at his room, occupied with other things, or even with other students-the necessity of whose life compels him, it may be, to do much outside of his own special sphere, in order to support his family-such a man cannot wish to see me often. He makes his offer of advice and help with as good heart as may be possible, under the circumstances. I do not doubt this-but he cannot but be glad to have the time, which I should take from him, unbroken. I will wait for another day. I will pass over the present need. I will get on by myself as best I can. It is almost inevitable that he will reason thus, not once, but many times. These thoughts will rise as a hindrance in his way almost as often as he feels the want of asssistance, and the result will be that his visits to his instructor will become very infrequent-perhaps, even more and more infrequent, the longer his course of study continues. The offered aid will be unused, and the student will be left to himself. Now we do not say, at this point of our discussion, that anything better could have been done in the past. We have been in the early days-the beginningsand it is enough that the beginnings have been made. We must not look for the full completion of the plan, as yet. But -with every allowance and with no disposition to find faultit must be admitted that this condition of things cannot last, if the institution is to grow, and to become what it may be and ought to be. There must be not only the offer of advice and assistance, when it is sought for; there must be definite and regular instruction, with responsibility on the part of the student. There must be lectures or recitations in connection with these studies as regularly as in the theological and law

schools. There must be somewhat of systematic organization, or there will be no permanent and large success.

A much more regularly organized section of the university is the first thing which, as it seems to us, is required, if proper provision is to be made for the class of graduated students, to whom we are referring. We shall not, of course, be misunderstood as urging any prescribed course of study for all the students, or any abridgment of personal freedom. This we have no wish for, and, certainly, it cannot be regarded as essential. But the section, whether it has ten students or fifty, should have an organized life, and its instruction should be systematic and positive, as much so as any other of the higher departments of the University.

In order to the accomplishment of this end, it is of the highest importance that new professorships should be estab lished, the incumbents of which should have no duties outside of this particnlar section. If the time of a Professor of Greek is needed for the instruction of students in the undergraduate department, who are in the rudiments and the early stages, surely, the graduates, who wish to enter more fully into the genius of the language, and to become real scholars, ought not to be compelled to help themselves altogether, except so far as they may snatch an hour or two from his scanty leisure. They ought to have the highest order of instructor whom the University can command-a man who should be devoted to them, as fully as they may need him. The leading Greek scholar in the whole institution should be with them. And so, in the case of the other branches of study. If we are ever to hope for the highest scholarship in this country-if we are ever to give to culture its own proper place-we must accomplish the end in this way. We must not linger in the lower regions and give our thoughts wholly to the younger students. We must make the more full and complete provision for those who are pressing further onward and are to do most in their work.

But it will, doubtless, be said, that, while all this is very good as a theory, it cannot be accomplished for lack of funds. Professorships cannot be established without money, and there is no money. We, however, are speaking of the future-of

the work of the opening era-and, as we have already stated, one of the great things to be done in that era is to get money for the whole University. If the officers and friends of this college are to sit down in despair, with the feeling that its pecuniary resources cannot be enlarged, they might as well abandon their work at once. This is the essential thing for future progress, and it can be obtained, if judiciously and earnestly sought. Our suggestions are made on the assumption that this vital necessity is to be secured; and we say, that, on this assumption, these new professorships are imperatively required. The instruction in the higher philology and philosophy, &c., cannot be left, always, to professors of the academical or other departments, who are assigned to this extra duty, in addition to the performance of all their other work. As well might the theological school hope to reach its highest growth with no professors of its own. The remnants of a man's time and strength, after his daily labor is ended, are not and never can be sufficient for the greatest work possible to his powers. And yet, we must, of course, freely admit that a time must intervene before these new professorships can be established. It may be, at the best, some years before the funds of the University can be thus largely augmented. A present necessity must, therefore, be looked at, and we must inquire how the efficiency of this section of the institution can, even now, be increased. The course already adopted at Harvard University, gives a hint, at least, as to what may be done. So far as we understand the Harvard scheme, it seems to us to be open to some objections in minor points, but its introduction is an evidence of the energy and wisdom of the President of that institution. As a recent writer in the "Nation" has suggested, courses of lectures by the leading professors at Yale might be established; and, we may add, familiar exercises in which the students should come into personal connection with these professors, and should discuss with them the topics of interest connected with their studies or reading. Other eminently-qualified persons might, also, to a certain extent, be called in from outside of the college, to aid in the work. The range of subjects might be a wide one, and such as would interest and stimulate a large number of minds. The fees for attendance on these lectures

might be fixed at such a snm as would not be burdensome to the hearers, and, thus, would not shut out those of limited means. In this way, some slight compensation could be made to the instructors-but we can hardly doubt that the satisfaction of seeing the enthusiasm of the students, and the growth of their numbers, would be a sufficient reward, until the time of more abundant resources should come. The gentlemen-at least, those among them who were connected with the University, and we should say that these ought to be the larger or the more efficient part-night meet together as a faculty, and encourage and help each other in this way. We are persuaded that while entire success cannot be attained, until new professorships, as indicated above, are established-a great deal more can be done, than has yet been done, with the means already at our disposal. In a few years, with such arrangements and others which can be devised, we cannot doubt, that the number of young men who would enter upon these courses of study, instead of being two or three as now, would be ten or twenty times as many. They would be not only graduates of this college, but graduates of other colleges as well, who would gladly come here to carry onward their education in the midst of these higher advantages. They would be representatives of every class in. the country, who wish to gain a culture which they have never yet gained and cannot gain elsewhere. Why should not this step be taken at once? The present is as favorable a time as can ever offer, for the first onward movement. If it is made, not only will great good be done to many individual minds, and to the University as a whole; but the manifestation of energy and the beginning of success will render the gathering in of funds for the future and for the more perfect work a thing both easier and more certain of accomplishment. Men love to see success, and to make it still more successful. To him that hath shall be given, is a principle of the widest application.

There are, however, some other things which may be done, besides the providing of further instruction. Encouragements and helps may be given to students, and, thus, the number of students may be increased. According to the present arrangement of things, no certain advantages are offered to young

men entering upon this course of study. The present aids of a pecuniary nature are less, even, than those afforded to undergraduates, while the prospects for the future are, by no means, so sure as those opened before the professional and scientific students. We think something may be done, and ought to be done, within a few years, with reference to both these points. At present, all which the college has, to give, in this section of the department of Philosophy and the Arts, is the income of three scholarships-the largest income of the three being only one hundred and twenty dollars. After the payment of the annual fee for instruction, the student who holds this best of the scholarships finds himself with only twenty dollars as the proceeds of it. Certainly, an aspiring and enthusiastic youth-whose means are limited-will not find much encouragement to continue his classical or philosophical studies from such a source as this. He will feel himself compelled to give up these studies of his choice, and enter upon some other course, which may either afford him greater assistance at once, or, at least, may compensate him by the larger rewards which it will secure to him in after years. The present inducements of this character we may, therefore, say are nothing. So far as our knowledge extends, no one has ever been led to remain at Yale College, after graduation, by these existing scholarships. But little competition has been known in the case of that one among them, the income of which has depended altogether upon continued residence at New Haven. It has been sought for only by those who, on other grounds, had determined upon this course, and has by them been regarded as a matter of not much moment. Twenty dollars or a hundred and twenty, in these days, are not worth much striving forand the honor of obtairing that for which there is no competition, is not great enough to call forth any considerable effort or enthusiasm. The founders of these scholarships deserve the credit of their work, and, especially, of their appreciation of this great need of the University. But the coming era cannot be content with no greater things than these. The establishment of fellowships, which shall produce, according to the common phrase, a living income," is a matter of the highest importance. The foundation of each of these fellowships