Enter a Messenger. Mess. Royal commanders, be in readiness: Comes Warwick, backing of the Duke of York; The queen hath best success when you are absent. Q. Mar. Ay, good my lord, and leave us to our fortune. 70 75 K. Hen. Why, that's my fortune too: therefore I'll stay. Prince. My royal father, cheer these noble lords, Unsheathe your sword, good father: cry, "Saint ... 80 67-72. Royal... thirty towns... along fly to him. Darraign battle ... are at hand] 65-70. Royall fiftie townes whereas they passe along .flies to him. Prepare... battels. be at hand Q. 73-75. I would. Ay, good my fortune] 71-73. I would . . . Do good my • fortunes Q. 76, 77. Why... fortune... stay. North. Be. fight] 74, 75. Why Q. 78-80. My ... 66 . ... • fortune, therefore Ile stay still. Clif. Be.. .fight .. George] 76-78. Good father cheere these noble Lords, Marlowe, Tamburlaine, Part II. iv. I (Dyce, 61, a): 'my other toward brother here For person like to prove a second Mars." 66-69. Enter a Messenger... Warwick, backing of the Duke of York] Immediately after the knighthood of Henry's son, and the settling of riots in London between the Commons and the Queen's "Northren horsemen," Hall writes: "But what soeuer man purposeth, God disposeth; for all these deuises were shortly transmuted into another forme, because trew report was broght, not onely to the citie, but also to the quene, that the erle of Marche [Duke of York] had vanqueshed the erles of Pembroke and Wiltshyre . . . and that the erle of Warwycke... had mete with the sayd erle of Marche at Chippyng Norton . . . and that they with both their powers were cominge towarde London. These trew tales turned the quenes purpose ... in so muche that she . . . with her husband and sonne, departed from Saint Albon's into the North Countrey (pp. 252-255). This is undoubtedly the hint on which Shakespeare spoke: the places where, differ, but the manner how, is the same. 72. Darraign] An old expression Occurring in Chaucer several times, and in Spenser's Faerie Queene, 1. vii. 11; 11. ii. 26; 11. i. 20. And often in Hall and Grafton. Another form of "derrain," set in order, range. Not in Qq (which use" prepare ") and nowhere else in Shakespeare. See note at "hap" and "hope," 11. iii. 8, below. 66 73, 74. I would... absent] See note at II. i. III: "where his person was present, there victory fled." 75. good my lord] Shakespeare's favourite transposition. We have had "good my lords " already in Part I. IV. i. 133. See note at 66 sweet my child," Love's Labour 's Lost, 1. ii. 65, and "good my knave," ibid. III. i. 144. The expression here is in Marlowe's Tamburlaine, Part II. 1. iv. (Dyce, 57, a): “Come, good my lord, and let us haste from hence." 79. hearten] omitted (with the line) in Q, and only again in Lucrece, 295: "heartens up his servile powers." Compare Golding's Ovid, viii. 290: "So heartens he his little son to March. Enter EDWARD, GEORGE, RICHARD, WARWICK, Edw. Now, perjur'd Henry, wilt thou kneel for grace, Or bide the mortal fortune of the field? Q. Mar. Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy! Before thy sovereign and thy lawful king? 85 Since when, his oath is broke; for, as I hear, You, that are king, though he do wear the crown, 90 Clif. And reason too : Who should succeed the father but the son? Rich. Are you there, butcher? O! I cannot speak! Clif. Ay, crook-back; here I stand to answer thee, Or any he the proudest of thy sort. Rich. 'Twas you that kill'd young Rutland, was it not? ... ... 95 ... 84-86. malapert, bow his.. Vnsheath your sword, sweet father crie Saint George. Clif. Pitch we our battell heere, for hence wee will not moue. Enter the house of Yorke Q. 81. March. Enter Edward, George ] March. Enter Edward. . . Clarence Ff. 81-83. Now kneel for the field ?] 79, 80. Now . yealde thy crowne, And kneele for mercie at thy soueraignes feete? Q. Go, rate bold in terms Before... king?] 81-83. Go rate. . Before thy king and lawfull soueraigne? Q. 87, 88. I am consent] 84, 85. I am. bend his... consent Q. 89-92. Since when,.. I hear own son in] 86-90. George. Since when he hath broke his oath. For as we heare . . . own son in Q. 93, 94. And reason too. son?] 91. And reason George son? Q. 95. Are... speak !] 92. Are you their butcher ? Qq 1, 2 (there Q 3). 96, 97. Ay. Or any sort] 93. I or any of your sort] Q. 98, 99. 'Twas you York, and satisfied] 94, 95. Twas you... Yorke too, and fide Q. . blot out me, . ... follow." And in Spenser's Ruines of Rome, st. 22. 84. proud insulting] See above, 11. i. 168 (note). 89. Since when] A new speech in Q, given to "George," begins here. In the first Folio this is altered to Clarence. Ff 2, 3, 4 set it right. 97. Or any he the proudest of thy sort] See note at 1 Henry VI. iv. vii. 84; and above, at "The proudest he,' 1. i. 46. This line occurs in Greene's ... Alphonsus (Grosart, xiii. 396): “Or any he, the proudest of you all." It may very well have amazed Greene to see it here. But that implies that 3 Henry VI. precedes the Groatsworth of Wit. 97. sort] set, kind. Usually in a bad sense in Shakespeare. Hawes used it : "So fayre and good a sorte Of goodly knyghtes" (Pastime of Pleasure) (Chiswick rept. p. 129), 1509. Rich. For God's sake, lords, give signal to the fight. 100 War. What say'st thou, Henry, wilt thou yield the crown? When you and I met at Saint Alban's last, War. Then 'twas my turn to fly, and now 'tis thine. Break off the parley; for scarce I can refrain 105 IIO 115 As thou didst kill our tender brother Rutland; But ere sun set I'll make thee curse the deed. K. Hen. Have done with words, my lords, and hear me speak. Q. Mar. Defy them then, or else hold close thy lips. 102-104. Why . ... long-tongued flee, but make . . . I hold manhood War 100, 101. For God's... signal... the crown ?] 96, 97. For Gods... synald (signall Q 3). thy crowne? Q. hands] 98-100. What, long tongde 105-107. Then 'twas fly, and. Clifford thence] 101-103. I, then twas Clifford, that... thence Q. 108-112. No, ... manhood. Upon that Clifford child-killer] 104-109. No, wike, that could make Northumberland, Northumberland, wee holde. against that Clifford there, ... child killer Q. 113-116. I slew ... dastard sun set... deed] 110-113. Why I kild . . . villaine sunne set [Sunset F 2, Sun set Ff 3, 4] deed Q. 117-125. Have done. my lords My liege cured his tongue] 114-122. Haue doone . great lordes... My Lord cru'd (cur'd Q 3) . . . hangs vpon his tongue Q. 102. long-tongued] Again in Titus Andronicus, IV. ii. 150. Shakespeare was fond of the word tongued. He uses it with close-, honey-, lewd-, maiden-, poisonous-, shrill-, trumpet-, and wasp-. He uses -mouthed similarly (Spenser has "fire-mouthed "), but the tongued compound is his own probably. He is the monarch of compounds, and Schmidt his chiefest exponent. 109-112. Northumberland... childkiller] The unmetrical confusion in Q is again noticeable. 110. refrain] Nowhere else used transitively by Shakespeare. Compare Peele's David and Bethsabe (468, b): "If thou unkindly shouldst refrain her bed." New Eng. Dict. gives the passage in text as earliest of "refrain " in sense of "give up (something)." ... K. Hen. I prithee, give no limits to my tongue : By Him that made us all, I am resolv'd A thousand men have broke their fasts to-day, Prince. If that be right which Warwick says is right, 120 125 130 135 If that which fast... 133-138. lookes Q. 126-132. Say, Henry... fasts... blood upon. . every thing is right] 123-129. What saist thou, Henry bloods be on If all... that . . . all things must be right Q. Whoever... dreadful stings] 130-135. Whatsoever. . . fainting ... 119. I prithee] A permanent favourite with Shakespeare. Over twenty times in the plays. 119. give no limits to my tongue] So in Richard III. III. vii. 194: "for reverence to some alive, I gave a sparing limit to my tongue." 122. therefore be still] See note at "Get thee gone," I. i. 258, above, where the words here are eliminated from Q. No doubt due to the careful supervision we have continual evidence of. 124. By Him that... ] So in Peele's Jack Straw (Hazlitt's Dodsley, v. 406) :— "By Him that died for me, I will not dine, Till I have seen thee hanged or made away." In the text the pathos is absurd: can a line be lost? See note at Part II. 1. i. III. And Kyd's Spanish Tragedy, 11. ii. 89: "I sweare to both, by Him that made us all." 128. ne'er shall dine unless] See last note from Jack Straw. And in Rich ard III. III. iv. 79: "I swear I will not dine until I see the same "; where it is taken verbatim from Grafton's Continuation of Hardyng, P. 495, 1543. 133. Whoever got thee] See "Menelaus," below, l. 147. At the birth of Prince Edward, Hall says (rept. p. 230): "which was christened & named Edward . . . whose mother susteyned not a little slaunder and obloquye of the common people, saiyng that the kyng was not able to get a chyld, and that this was not his sonne, with many slaunderous woords, to the quenes dishonor, which here nede not to be rehersed." This speech is erroneously (as the answer shows) given to Warwick in the Folios. 134. well I wot] See 1 Henry VI. IV. vi. 32 (note), and Introduction, p. xxviii. 136. foul ... stigmatic] These words, "foul stigmatic," have occurred already in Part II. v. i. 215, applied by young Clifford to Richard. See note. Drayton remembered to use it in his Epistle from Q. Margaret. 140 As venom toads, or lizards' dreadful stings. Edw. A wisp of straw were worth a thousand crowns, 145 139-143. Iron... whose... Sham'st... knowing... heart?] 136-140. Iron Thy Shames knowing from whence thou art deriude, to parlie thus with Englands lawfull heires? Q. 144, 145. A wisp ... this shameless herself] 141, 142. A wispe... that shamelesse... her selfe Q. ... 149. Helen... by thee] omitted Q. 138. venom] Used adjectively again in Richard III. 1. iii. 291; and Lucrece, 850. 138. lizards' dreadful stings] Altered from "fainting looks" of Q. Lizards stings" occurs in 2 Henry VI. II. ii. 325. "Fainting looks," looks that produce fainting. One would suggest Lodge's "faintful." 66 141. channel] gutter, kennel, drain. 142. extraught] derived (the Quarto word). A participle for extracted, like distraught for distracted. Spenser has "from whos race... she was lineallie extract" (Faerie Queene, III. ix. 38). Extraught" occurs twice in the Troublesome Raigne of King John, where Shakespeare read it, probably earlier than this play: "I beg some instance whence I am extraught" (Shakespeare's Library, Hazlitt, p. 234). And on p. 236. Earlier examples are in New Eng. Dict. 143. detect] betray, expose. The oldest sense, and Shakespeare's usual one. This line completely differs from Quarto. See next note. 143. base-born] A word of Peele's, but earlier in Churchyard. See note in Part II. 1. iii. 82 to "base-born callat." In neither case is this word in the Quartos. Spenser has "baseborn men" in Ruines of Time and Teares of the Muses. It is several times in Marlowe's Tamburlaine, Part I. 144. A wisp of straw] the badge of a scold. See Nares for ample illustra tions, culled mostly from the com 146 mentators on this passage, as found in Steevens (1793). It was part of the ceremony of" Skimmington," not quite forgotten in the north of Ireland but confounded with "riding the stang" by Nares. Steevens gives an early reference from Drant's Horace, Seventh Satire, 1567: "So perfyte and exacte a scoulde that women mighte geve place Whose tatlynge tongues had won a wispe." She The only early one I can add is from It 145. callat] See Part II. 1. iii. 82, and note at "base-born callat." is hard to reject the idea that the repetition here (from Part II.) is smoothed away by parting the company of these terms, though only by a line or two. “Callat" is an old word, often in Skelton and Golding (Irish, cailleach). A violent scold, or horrid old woman. 147. Menelaus] Steevens quotes from Troilus and Cressida (v. i. 60), where Thersites, speaking of Menelaus, calls him "the goodly transformation of Jupiter there, his brother, the bull,the primitive statue and oblique memorial of cuckolds." Schmidt adds the reference to Troilus and Cressida, 1. i. 115: "Menelaus horn," the prototype of cuckolds. |