So shalt thou sinew both these lands together;
And, having France thy friend, thou shalt not dread
The scatter'd foe that hopes to rise again;

For though they cannot greatly sting to hurt,

Yet look to have them buzz to offend thine ears.
First will I see the coronation;

95

And then to Brittany I'll cross the sea,

To effect this marriage, so it please my lord.

Edw. Even as thou wilt, sweet Warwick, let it be;
For in thy shoulder do I build my seat,
And never will I undertake the thing

Wherein thy counsel and consent is wanting.
Richard, I will create thee Duke of Gloucester;
And George, of Clarence; Warwick, as ourself,
Shall do and undo as him pleaseth best.

Rich. Let me be Duke of Clarence, George of Gloucester,

For Gloucester's dukedom is too ominous.

War. Tut, that's a foolish observation:

100

105

91-98. So shalt ... shalt not . . For though . . . buzz to .. will I To effect. so it. lord] 84-91. So shalt needst not

And

though busie to Ile see the coronation done, And afterward Ile crosse the seas to France, To effect... if it... Lord Q. 99. Even as... sweet ... be] 92. Euen... good be Q. 100-102. For in wanting] omitted Q. 103-105. Richard.. ourself, Shall... best] 93-95. But first before we goe, George kneele downe. Wee here create thee Duke of Clarence, and girt thee with the sword. Our younger brother Richard Duke of Gloucester, Warwike, as my selfe shal... best Q. 106-110. Let me be . . . Tut, . . . foolish

sea" (xv. 56). And a few lines previously "lucky cut" means sea voyage. 91. sinew both... together] Compare 2 Henry IV. IV. i. 172:

"All members of our cause both here and hence,

That are insinewed to this action." Knit together strongly, as if with sinews. A portmanteau word.

95. buzz] See note to this verb at Part II. 1. ii. 99. "Busie" (Q) is an odd misprint.

97. Brittany] France, in Q.

100. in thy shoulder] on thy back. Shoulder is often "back" in Shakespeare.

103, 104. Richard... of Gloucester; And George, of Clarence] After his coronation, Hall says: "In the whiche yere, he called his high Court of ParliaAnd afterward he created his two younger brethren Dukes, that is to saie: Lorde George, Duke of Clarence, Lorde Richard, Duke of Glou

ment.

...

cester, and Lorde Ihon Nevell, brother to Richard erle of Warwike, he first made Lorde Mountacute and afterwards created hym Marques Mountacute" (p. 258).

...

107. Gloucester's dukedom. . . ominous] At the death of the good duke Humphrey in "the XXV Yere," Hall says: "It seemeth to many men, that that name and title of Gloucester hath been vnfortunate and vnluckie to diuerse as Hugh Spenser, Thomas of Woodstocke . . . and this duke Humfrey... So that this name of Gloucester is taken for an vnhappie and vnfortunate style, as the prouerbe speaketh of Seianes horse, whose rider was euer vnhorsed and whose possessor was euer brought to miserie."

108. observation] remark. Nowhere else in Shakespeare, and the earliest in New Eng. Dict., so that the stereotyped expression, "that's a foolish observation," without which conversation would

Richard, be Duke of Gloucester. Now to London,
To see these honours in possession.

possession] 97-101. Let me be Exeunt Omnes Q.

IIO

be impossible, belongs to Shakespeare. In Qit is "that's a childish observation."

110. possession] receives similar quadrisyllabic weight in King John, 11. i.

266.

ACT III

SCENE I.-A forest in the north of England.

Enter two Keepers, with cross-bows in their hands.

First Keep. Under this thick-grown brake we'll shroud our

selves;

For through this laund anon the deer will come;
And in this covert will we make our stand,
Culling the principal of all the deer.

Second Keep. I'll stay above the hill, so both may shoot.
First Keep. That cannot be; the noise of thy cross-bow
Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost.
Here stand we both, and aim we at the best:
And, for the time shall not seem tedious,

I'll tell thee what befell me on a day

In this self place where now we mean to stand. Second Keep. Here comes a man; let's stay till he be past.

5

ΙΟ

ACT III. SCENE 1.] omitted Q, Ff. Enter .] Malone; Enter two keepers with bow and arrowes Q; Enter Sinklo, and Humphrey Ff. 1-12. First

...

Keep. (Sink. Ff). Second Keep. (Hum. Ff) . . Here comes . . . let's.. past] 1-3. Keeper. Come, lets take our stands vpon this hill, And by and by the deere will come this waie. But staie, here comes . . lets listen him a while Q.

Enter two Keepers] The Folio reading, "Enter Sinklo, and Humfrey," probably refers to two actors. Sinklo is mentioned in the stage-directions of the Taming of the Shrew (Ind. i. 86). Malone suggested Humphrey Jeaffes as the other. A similar variation has taken place already at 1. ii. 47. The best parallel I am aware of for this hunting scene in our early drama, is Shakespeare's own one in Love's Labour's Lost, IV. i. and Iv. ii. I must refer to the edition in this series, Introduction, xlvi. I, and notes at the passages. Shake

speare evidently prefers the cross-bow (with its bolts) in spite of the noise, to the bow and arrow of his earlier days.

2. laund] A common early form of "lawn," occurring again in Venus and Adonis. "Lawn" is not in Shakespeare. "Laund" is common in Golding's Ovid.

3. stand] See Love's Labour's Lost, Iv. i. 10, and Merry Wives of Windsor, v. v. 247, and notes, in this edition. And Cymbeline, III. iv. III.

II. self] same. Often in Shakespeare.

Enter King HENRY, disguised, with a prayer-book.

K. Hen. From Scotland am I stol'n, even of pure love
To greet mine own land with my wishful sight.
No, Harry, Harry, 'tis no land of thine;

Thy place is fill'd, thy sceptre wrung from thee,
Thy balm wash'd off wherewith thou wast anointed:
No bending knee will call thee Cæsar now,
No humble suitors press to speak for right,
No, not a man comes for redress of thee;

For how can I help them, and not myself?

First Keep. Ay, here's a deer whose skin's a keeper's fee:
This is the quondam king; let's seize upon him.

thine] 4-6. From

Henrie no, It is

...

thine Q.
press

...

15

20

13. Enter...] Malone; Enter the king with a Prayer booke Ff; Enter King Henry disguisde Q. 13-15. From ... love To . sight. No . . . 'tis . loue, And thus disguisde to greet my native land. No, 16, 17. Thy place anointed] omitted Q. 18-21. No bending right, No, not ... For how... myself?] 7-9. No bending sues to thee for right, For how canst thou helpe. thy selfe? Q. 22, 23. First Keep. Ay, here's . . . whose skin's . . . fee . upon him] 10-12. Keep. I marrie sir, here is his skin is.. fee. Sirra,

stand close, for as I thinke, This is the king, King Edward hath deposde Q.

13. Enter... disguised] The Folios have not " disguised," which Malone inserted from Q, where it occurs both as a stage-direction and in the text. Hall narrates (Edward the IIII., Third Yere, 1463): "Kyng Henry . . . whether he wer past all feare, or was not well stablished in his perfyte mynde... in a disguised apparrel boldly entered into Englande. He was no sooner entered, but he was knowen and taken of one Cantlowe and broughte towarde the kyng, whom the erle of Warwycke met . . . and brought hym through London to the toure (261). Cantlow and Șinclo are two strange names.

14. wishful] longing. Spenser uses the word somewhat differently, meaning “much-needed," very desirable:

"Therefore to dye must needes be joyeous,

And wishfull thing this sad life to foregoe " (Daphnaida, st. 65). Not in Q, nor elsewhere in Shakespeare.

17. balm... anointed] Again in Richard II. III. ii. 55: "wash the balm off from an anointed king."

Anointed king, queen, majesty, deputy, head, etc., are all met with in Shakespeare: the present is in many places. Not in Q.

21. For how can I ... myself] This line is more poetical as well as grammatical in Q: "For how canst thou helpe them and not thy selfe?" 22. skin keeper's fee] See Harrison's Description of England, II. xix. (1587); quoted in a note to "my shoulders for the fellow of this walk" (Merry Wives of Windsor, v. v. 28, in this edition). The expression is not to be taken literally here, of course. The right shoulder was the keeper's fee, according to the Boke of St. Albans. Harrison includes the skin, etc. Nashe says (with a quibble) "diuers keepers [shall] kill store of Buckes, and reserue no other fees to their selues but the hornes" (explained by context) (A Prognostication (Grosart, ii. 155), 1591).

23. quondam king] late or former king. See III. iii. 153 and Henry V. 11. i. 82. Here it is from Q. See also Love's Labour's Lost, v. i. 7. Greene addresses his famous attack on Shakespeare "To those gentlemen his Quondam acquaintance.'

K. Hen. Let me embrace thee, sour adversity,

For wise men say it is the wisest course.
Second Keep. Why linger we? let us lay hands upon him.
First Keep. Forbear awhile; we'll hear a little more.
K. Hen. My queen and son are gone to France for aid;
And, as I hear, the great commanding Warwick
Is thither gone, to crave the French king's sister
To wife for Edward. If this news be true,
Poor queen and son, your labour is but lost;
For Warwick is a subtle orator,

25

30

And Lewis a prince soon won with moving words.

By this account then Margaret may win him,

35

For she's a woman to be pitied much :

Her sighs will make a battery in his breast;
Her tears will pierce into a marble heart;

The tiger will be mild whiles she doth mourn ;

24. sour adversity] Compare Costard's "welcome the sour cup of prosperity" (Love's Labour's Lost, 1. i. 316). Some old joke lies hidden here. Shakespeare was probably adding to Love's Labour's Lost at this date. Note line 32. But the reading here is Dyce's conjecture. The Folio has the "sower Adversaries."

30, 31. to crave the French king's sister To wife for Edward] See 11. 89, go, last scene. And below, III. iii. 50. Hall writes on this subject of Edward's proposed match: "at length in the same yere (1463), he (Warwick) came to Kyng Lewes the XI. then beyng French Kyng, living at Tours, and with greate honour was there receiued and interteined; of whom, for Kyng Edward his master, he demaunded to haue in mariage the lady Bona, doughter to Lewes duke of Savoy and sister to the lady Carlot, then French Quene, beyng then in the Frenche court. This mariage semeth pollitiquely deuised... Kyng Edward therefore thought it necessary to haue affinitie in France. trusting by this

.

• son

sonne poore soules

Edward. If... true words] 15-19. To intreat a but spent in vaine, For orator Q. 35-42. By this

mariage, quene Margaret . . . should haue no aide, succor, nor any comfort of ye French Kyng . . wherefore Quene Carlot much desirous to aduance her bloode ... to so greate a prince as Kyng Edward was, obteyned both the good will of the kyng her husband, & also of her syster, so that the matrimony on that syde was clerely assented to" (253, 254). For the immediate continuation, see below, scene ii., line 2, at "This lady's husband."

37. sighs... make a battery] Compare Venus and Adonis, 425, 426:"Dismiss your feigned tears