southern Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana will be fully settled. But there is a broad tract of cotton country lying in Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, northern Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas, the land of farms, not of plantations, on which a million and a half bales of cotton have been produced in a given year, of which a very large portion was produced by white labor, even in the days of slavery. On this section we shall soon see an enterprising community of small farmers, not raising cotton by the plantation system, but on small allotments, under the personal supervision of the owner, himself working in the field. Here we shall soon see Northern economy-the seed no longer wasted, but the rich oil which composes twelve and a half per cent. of its weight expressed and turned to a useful purpose; the cake, the richest food for cattle known, fed out to stock; the land no longer exhausted by the waste of seed, but the manure returned, and the cotton-farm growing richer instead of poorer year by year. And as the population becomes more dense, the towns and villages will increase, and manufactories will become established; and, before many years, we may confidently expect to see the manufacture of the coarser cotton cloth transferred to the South and West, nearer to the place of growth of the cotton, while the North, with its greater skill and more abundant labor, will undertake the finer work which we have not yet drawn away from England.

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'Eight to ten acres to the full hand is the limit beyond which the picking force of the plantation can not be carried, but upon the prairies and hills a dense population will, in a few years, be gathered; then we shall find the cotton farmer cultivating twenty, thirty-aye, even fifty acres to the hand, with the certainty that he can call to his aid in the picking season the entire force required, who will be employed during the rest of the year in all the various industries of civilized life, but which dense population the barbarism of slavery has not even permitted to have an existence upon the territory which it cursed.

"On these lands we shall soon see the principle established of making great crops from a small number of acres, new varieties of the cotton plant introduced, like the Tipporah cotton, grown from a black seed variety, imported from Mexico just before the war, and which yields a staple much like that of Egypt and Brazil, intermediate between the Sea Island and our common cotton.

"We are accustomed to regard the negroes in mass as an aggregate of four millions, but let us cease so to regard them, and consider them in relation to the area of territory on which they are placed, and we find only one family to the square mile.

The most dense negro population in any State is in Maryland, not in South Carolina. And now that slavery has ceased to repel a free white population, it will, by emigration, increase much more rapidly than the black, and presently the negro will cease to be a disturbing element, by being swamped in a dense population of whites.

"We may gain some idea of the profitable nature of Southern agriculture from the fact that, in 1859 and 1860, the current prices at which slaves were hired out by their masters, the lessees assuming the cost of feeding and clothing and the risks of sickness, were from $250 to $350 per annum.'

In this connection, it is interesting to note also the following extracts from a communication which appeared in the Washington Chronicle, of the 24th November, 1868:

"Not a tithe of the lands in the South are really occupied. Let Northern men buy these lands and settle upon them, and in nine cases out of ten they will have done much better for themselves than if they had gone to the far West. The South needs capital, manufactures, and all kinds of skilled labor. The North, from her abundance, can supply these wants, and mutual benefit will be the result.

"The vast mineral wealth of the South lies almost wholly undeveloped, while Northern men are besought to come with their skill and capital and take it at fabulously low prices. Why will not our Northern people muster the courage to come and see for themselves the inviting field that opens before them? The larger portion of the South is as quiet to-day as their own quiet homes in the North. And then they should remember that emigration carries safety with it.

"If our people would but dismiss their fears, and go to the South as they now go to the West, they would meet a cordial welcome from thousands of Northern people already there, all the loyal Southern people, and a large share of those who took side with the rebellion, while the insignificant Kuklux Klans would disappear like the mist of the morning. "Northern and Southern people living side by side, and mingling in business intercourse, would soon forget the prejudices that now divide them. Reciprocal benefits will produce reciprocal good feeling."

It is gratifying to see such language as this in a journal which wields so large an influence at the North. The testimony of the witness is the more important when it is seen that in the same copy of the Chronicle, the author of the above statement is represented, in a letter from Mr. John W. Forney, the editor, as "an advanced and intelligent Radical, believing in his politics as he does in his religion. Mr. Forney says of this gentleman:

"I have just had a long and somewhat remarkable interview with the writer of the subjoined communication, and I print it because it confirms many patriotic hopes and dispels many grave apprehensions. The writer has resided in the South for nearly three years, and is at the head of a flourishing foundry and machine shop in one of the prosperous Tennessee towns. He is an advanced and intelligent Radical, believing in his politics as he does in his religion. Without being a partisan in any sense, he never conceals his sentiments. He says he has never been disturbed, nor even menaced, for uttering them in trains, steamboats, hotels and the streets. He insists, as you will perceive, that the Southern people should not be condemned for the outrages of their own ruffians, and declares that by this rule no community could escape certainly not the West, judged by the recent excitements in Kansas." He continues:

"Why should not the South be the favorite home of the emigrant— not only the German, the Norwegian, the Irishman, the Scotchman, and the Englishman, but, above all, the Northern manufacturer and mechanic? My correspondent disposes of the cry as to the safety of these Northern men in the South by saying that every emigrant must run some risk. Look at the Western engineers, surveyors, tourists, and travelers-look at the men, women and children, who brave the rigors of the winter and the barbarities of the savages in the Rocky Mountains! He asks whether any such dangers ever beset the men who go into the South-even into Texas?

"Besides, in the South there are not only hundreds of thousands of acres of land to be had for almost nothing, but there are open highways, a civilized people (let us hope), and a thousand other advantages unknown to the new and far-off West. Before the war, capital and labor sought the South eagerly. The daring Commodore Stockton spent an immense fortune in trying to develop the gold mines of North Carolina. Virginia was the center of at least one great enterprise that attracted millions of foreign money. Heavy outlays were made in the iron and coal mines of Tennessee and Alabama. Northern men flocked in by hundreds, almost by thousands, to take advantage of the fine opening for skilled workmen. But the war came and stopped all, ruining many, and driving away more.

"All this is over. A better state of things has succeeded. The wealth of the soil has been reinforced by the wealth of a great moral victory. The gold mines of North Carolina, the coal and iron mines of Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia; the magnificent plan of connecting the Chesapeake with the great internal rivers of the South

all these await capital and courage. But the South proffers other opportunities. Look at the hundreds of thousands of swamp lands to be drained by the agencies of science; at the thousands of alluvial acres in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (all near the Eastern markets), and at the town sites without number! Look at Mississippi, South Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, with their cotton and sugar fields, marl beds, grazing lands, noble rivers, and equal climates!

"What is needed is emigration."

STATE POLICY OF ALABAMA TOWARD IMMIGRANTS.

Sentiment of the people-Favor of the Legislature-Laws guarding industry-Mechanics -Agriculturists-Married women - Exemptions -Homesteads-Productiveness of the soil-Entry of public lands— Terms of the law-Information for pre-emptors, etc.

war.

THERE have been no civil disorders in Alabama since the close of the Men of worth, from all sections of the Union, and all parts of the world, are cordially invited to make their homes among us by both political parties. The wheels of State government have never ceased to run smoothly, notwithstanding the changes of policy and the deep contrariety of political opinion. Governor Wm. H. Smith, who took his seat under the reconstruction laws of Congress, testified in a public speech, at a time when the passion of partisans was being fully aroused by an absorbing Presidential election, that the people of Alabama are law-abiding. Probably in no State of the Union-North, South, East or West-have fewer crimes occurred since the war than in Alabama.

In regard for public morality, in submission to existing laws, in courtesy to strangers, in solicitude for the kindest relations with the people of the North, in ardent desire for foreign immigration, in enterprising spirit, and in the industry of her people, Alabama challenges comparison with any other State in the Union. She holds nothing back in a spirit of chagrin or revenge; but invites every one to join in her destiny and share her advantages.

She knows that identity of interests produce identity of ideas and a harmony of action in all the walks of life.

With such views her Legislature have enacted laws for the peculiar encouragement of immigrants, and especially of laborers.

Mechanics have a lien upon the article they fabricate, for the payment of their labor.

Agricultural laborers are allowed a lien on the respective crops cultivated by them, to the extent of the value of such labor, whether it be rendered in consideration of money, wages, or for a share in the crops; such lien to attach from the planting of the crop and to be subordinate only to liens for rent of the land on which such crops are grown.

The laws exempt from taxation the buildings and machinery of iron furnaces, foundries, rolling mills, machine shops, nail and ax factories, tanneries and manufactories of leather goods, paper mills, glass-works, stove and earthenware factories, woollen, silk and cotton factories.

They exempt from execution for debt, property in the country, as a homestead for each head of the family, of the value of $1,500, and in the cities a homestead of the value of $2,500.

They guard the property of married women with scrupulous fidelity, and forbid the alienation of their separate estate for the husband's debts, even with their own consent.

They foster education by providing a thorough system of public schools, and by securing to the support of the schools the liberal revenue of $760,000 per annum.

It must be kept in mind that many thousands of acres of Alabama lands are still open to pre-emption-many of them excellent pine lands with good subsoil of clay, upon which the scientific culture of Mr. Dickson has made two bales of cotton to the acre-others of them in the hills where the foot can not tread without trampling upon mines of untold wealth.

It is the desire of Alabama, and also the policy of the Federal Government, that these lands should be settled up with thrifty laborers.

Why should the man who lives by the sweat of his brow go to the Western wilds, away from the comforts of society, away from the haunts of civilized life, to a region where his work is interrupted for several months of the year, and where his wife and children are not able to assist him in outdoor employment, except for a short season; when here in the heart of an old country, convenient to markets, directly on great highways, he can find a home equally as cheap, more productive, and where the genial climate permits the year's labor to be distributed over all the months more equally, and to be borne by even the most delicate of the household?

It would seem that the emigrant who seeks the headwaters of the Mississippi and the Missouri, rather than the genial banks of the James, the Tennessee, the Alabama and the Tombigby, prefers frost to sunshine,