CONSIDERATIONS ON REPRESENTATIVE GOVRNMENT |
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15 ÆäÀÌÁö
A rude people, though in some degree alive to the benefits of civilized society,
may be unable to practice the forbearances which it demands; their passions
may be too violent, or their personal pride too exacting, to forego private conflict,
and ...
A rude people, though in some degree alive to the benefits of civilized society,
may be unable to practice the forbearances which it demands; their passions
may be too violent, or their personal pride too exacting, to forego private conflict,
and ...
20 ÆäÀÌÁö
Those, however, who undertake such a task, need to be duly impressed, not
solely with the benefits of the institution or polity which they recommend, but also
with the capacities, moral, intellectual, and active, required for working it, that they
...
Those, however, who undertake such a task, need to be duly impressed, not
solely with the benefits of the institution or polity which they recommend, but also
with the capacities, moral, intellectual, and active, required for working it, that they
...
42 ÆäÀÌÁö
mainspring of the whole checking machinery, are too ignorant, too passive, or too
careless and inattentive to do their part, little benefit will be derived from the best
administrative apparatus. Yet a good apparatus is always preferable to a bad.
mainspring of the whole checking machinery, are too ignorant, too passive, or too
careless and inattentive to do their part, little benefit will be derived from the best
administrative apparatus. Yet a good apparatus is always preferable to a bad.
54 ÆäÀÌÁö
54 CRITERION OF A GOOD FORM OF GOVERNMENT. defects by which a
people is made incapable of reaping its benefits. It would then be possible to
construct a theorem of the circumstances in which that form of government may
wisely be ...
54 CRITERION OF A GOOD FORM OF GOVERNMENT. defects by which a
people is made incapable of reaping its benefits. It would then be possible to
construct a theorem of the circumstances in which that form of government may
wisely be ...
62 ÆäÀÌÁö
... idea of good government its principal element, the improvement of the people
themselves. One of the benefits of freedom is that under it the ruler can not pass
by the people's minds, and amend their affairs for them without amending them.
... idea of good government its principal element, the improvement of the people
themselves. One of the benefits of freedom is that under it the ruler can not pass
by the people's minds, and amend their affairs for them without amending them.
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able active administration advantage affairs allowed already amount appointed assembly authority become benefit better body candidate character civilization complete conduct considerable considered constitution democracy depends desire despotism direct duty effect election electors equal evil exercise exist federal feel form of government functions give given greater hands House human idea important improvement individual influence institutions interest justice kind knowledge labor least less limited majority matter means ment mere mind minister minority mode moral natural necessary never object obtain opinion Order Parliament party persons political popular portion position possess possible practical present principle Progress qualities question reason regard representation representative respect responsibility rule social society sufficient suffrage superior supposed thing thought tion United unless vote whole
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310 ÆäÀÌÁö - Where the sentiment of nationality exists in any force, there is a prima facie case for uniting all the members of the nationality under the same government, and a government to themselves apart.
80 ÆäÀÌÁö - From these accumulated considerations it is evident that the only government which can fully satisfy all the exigencies of the social state is one in which the whole people participate; that any participation, even in the smallest public function, is useful; that the participation should everywhere be as great as the general degree of improvement of the community will allow; and that nothing less can be ultimately desirable than the admission of all to a share in the sovereign power of the state.
109 ÆäÀÌÁö - There is hardly any kind of intellectual work which so much needs to be done not only by experienced and exercised minds, but by minds trained to the task through long, .and laborious study, as the business of making laws.
112 ÆäÀÌÁö - No one would wish that this body should of itself have any power of enacting laws: the Commission would only embody the element of intelligence in their construction; Parliament would represent that of will. No measure would become a law until expressly sanctioned by Parliament: and Parliament, or either House, would have the power not only of rejecting but of sending back a Bill to the Commission for reconsideration...
14 ÆäÀÌÁö - Thus a people may prefer a free government ; but if, from indolence, or carelessness, or cowardice, or want of public spirit, they are unequal to the exertions necessary for preserving it ; if they will not fight for it when it is directly attacked ; if they can be deluded by the artifices used to cheat them out of it ; if, by momentary discouragement, or temporary panic, or a fit of enthusiasm for an individual, they can be induced to lay their liberties at the feet...
308 ÆäÀÌÁö - This feeling of nationality may have been generated by various causes. Sometimes it is the effect of identity of race and descent. Community of language, and community of religion, greatly contribute to it. Geographical limits are one of its causes. But the strongest of all is identity of political antecedents ; the possession of a national history, and consequent community of recollections ; collective pride and humiliation, pleasure and regret, connected with the same incidents in the past.
23 ÆäÀÌÁö - To think that, because those who wield the power in society wield in the end that of government, therefore it is of no use to attempt to influence the constitution of the government by acting on opinion, is to forget that opinion is itself one of the greatest active social forces. One person with a belief is a social power equal to ninety-nine who have only interests.
97 ÆäÀÌÁö - The meaning of representative government is, that the whole people, or some numerous portion of them, exercise through deputies periodically elected by themselves the ultimate controlling power, which, in every constitution, must reside somewhere.
25 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... condemnable, very much has been done towards giving to the one, or withdrawing from the other, that preponderance of social force which enables it to subsist. And the maxim, that the government of a country is what the social forces in existence compel it to be, is true only in the sense in which it favours, instead of discouraging, the attempt to exercise, among all forms of government practicable in the existing condition of society, a rational choice...
127 ÆäÀÌÁö - The disease which afflicts bureaucratic governments, and which they usually die of, is routine. They perish by the immutability of their maxims; and, still more, by the universal law that whatever becomes a routine loses its vital principle...