It

imperforate. The spiral oral arms appear to fill nearly the whole of the shell, leaving only a small hour-glass-shaped space in the centre. This shell varies a good deal, some specimens being much more transverse than others, some being very flat and others less so. was a gregarious animal found now accumulated in lenticular beds. Zeawan and Zowoor. The name proposed is derived from the first few specimens which were found having been discovered in blocks of stone of a Buddhist ruin.

Athyris sp. probably A. Royssii, (L'Eveillé) Pl. II. fig. 3-3.

Less transverse than the preceding and ornamented with fine and closely set concentric lines of growth strongly marked. Foramen generally obliterated. Imprints showing the fringe-like expansion round the margin are very common in the brown shale of Zeawan. The shell is abundant in all the localities where the Zeawan bed has been observed in Kashmir and the Punjab.

Remark. Several other species of Athyris were discovered at Zeawan, Zowoor and Barus, some having the general facies of our figs. 2 and 3 and being probably varieties of the A. Royssii. Others with the umbo-marginal diameter longer than the transverse and being probably narrow varieties of the A. subtilita. Others again have the general facies of the T. Digona, and others the carinated appearance of the Ath. Navicula (Sow).

Retzia radialis (Phill), var. grandicosta (Davids.)

Journal, Geological Society, Vol. XVIII. p. 28. Pl. I. fig. 5. Very frequently met with at Zeawan and Zowoor, and also in the Rotta Roh.

Streptorynchus crenistria, Phill. var. robustus.

Op. cit. p. 30. Pl. I. fig. 16.

This shell attains a very large size in Kashmir and in the Punjab, specimens five inches in tranvserse diameter not being rare. Fragments of this shell, and young shells, swarm at Zeawan and in some beds in the Rotta Roh.

Orthis resupinata, Martin.

Op. cit. page 31. Pl. I. fig. 15.

Abundant in the brown shale of Zeawan, Kashmir.

Orthis sp. Pl. III. fig. 3.

A cast of an Orthis belonging to the type of the Orthis plicatulla

(Hall) of the Silurian. It has six ribs, not very conspicuous, and two well-marked lines of growth; and is ornamented with fine radiating striæ. Only one specimen was found at Zeawan.

Remark. An immense number of small, or perhaps young, Orthisida occur in the ferruginous dark shale of Zeawan, in some places so abundantly that they cause the shale to exfoliate like a disintegrating mica-schist. The shells are, however, so thin and brittle that imprints alone can be procured.

Strophomena analoga (Phill.)? Pl. II. fig. 4.

There is, I think, little doubt of this shell being Phillip's species. The shell is raised in irregular concentric furrows and ridges, and is ornamented by fine radiating striæ. Both valves are nearly flat; the umbones are hardly marked; the hinge is linear and nearly as long as the greatest diameter of the shell. These Indian specimens are very large, above four inches across.

Seldom found entire in Kashmir; but even pieces of it are conspicuous and easily recognized. Good specimens were obtained from the Rotta Roh in the Punjab.

Strophomena? sp. Pl. III. fig. 2.

An internal cast only. Found at Zeawan in Kashmir.
Productus costatus (Sow.)

Journal, Geological Society, Vol. XVIII. p. 31. Pl. I. figs. 20, 21. Numerous specimens of this well known species were found at Zeawan and Zowoor in Kashmir, and in the Rotta Roh and Salt Range.

Productus semireticulatus (Martin.)

Op. Cit. p. 21.

It varies considerably, some specimens being very transverse. The Kashmir and Punjab specimens are usually very large and often

deformed by pressure.

Zeawan, Zowoor, Barus. Rotta Roh, Salt Range.

Productus cora (d'Orbigny.)

Found abundantly every where in the Zeawan group.

Productus Humboldtii (D'Orb.)

Journal, Geological Society, Vol. XVIII. p. 32. Pl. II. fig. 6.

Large specimens found at Zeawan and smaller ones at Barus. Also in the Salt Range and Rotta Roh, Punjab.

Productus Purdoni (Davids).

Op. Cit. p. 31. Pl. II. fig. 5.

Zeawan in Kashmir and Rotta Roh in the Punjab. In a series of specimens of P. Humboldtii and P. Purdoni, it is quite impossible to decide where one species ends and the other begins.

Productus Flemingii (d'Orb.)

Syn. P. longispinus (de Vern) and P, lobatus (de Vern.)

Journal, Geological Society, Vol. XVIII. p. 31. Pl. I. fig. 19. Davidson's figure does not show the enrolled and horn-like ears so well defined in our specimens.

M. de Vernueil regards the Rotta Roh specimens as a well defined variety; see his note.

Found at Zeawan and Zowoor and in the Rotta Roh.

Productus Boliviensis (d'Orb.) and P. aculeatus? (Martin).
See M. de Vernueil's Note.

Found at Zowoor and Zeawan in Kashmir.

Strophalosia? Arachnoidea,) Verch.) n. sp. Pl. IV. figs. 1, 1a, 1b. The specimen of the larger valve is from the Rotta Roh and the other two from Zeawan in Kashmir; they may be different shells. The larger valve resembles the Productus Purdoni, but the spines are fewer, better defined and less slanting towards the margin. The other two specimens are remarkable for the excessive length of the threadlike spines and for some complications in the hinge.

CRUSTACEA.

Eurypterus? Limulus? sp. Pl. V. fig. 4.

Claw of a Crustacean, belonging apparently to one or the other of the two genera above. It was found on a slab which had been worn by running water, so that a horizontal section of the claw is produced. The same slab was full of Athyris Buddhista (Verch.), Productus Flemingii (D'Orb.). P. Aculeatus, Fenestella Sykesii (deKön.) and Vincularia Multangularis (Patlock).

The tegument is smooth and pierced by pores, which are seen vertically sected on the margins of the claw, and appear like dots where the tegument is not worn off. The tegument forms septa in the upper mandibule, but none in the lower. The ends of the mandibules are hooked. There are no traces of teeth on the internal margin of the claw. No other part of the animal could be found.

Kashmir.

Remark. Another crustacean has been found abundantly in the Carboniferous of the Himalaya. It is a Trilobite, with the rings sharp and rib-like. Though common, it has not been found good enough for identification and figure.

Zeawan, Banda and Barus in Kashmir. Also Rotta Roh and Salt Range in the Punjab.

ECHINODERMATA.

Cidaris Forbesiana, (de Kön).

Journal, Geological Society, Vol. XIX. No. 73, p. 4. Pl. IV. figs. 1 and 2.

Rotta Roh, but not in Kashmir. There are several species or

varieties.

These cidarides will have, I think, to be made into a new genus when better known. They appear to have been borne on long thin branching stalks. The body has not been found yet, but I have found hexagonal plates with an articulation cup in the centre, spines four inches long, and stalks of considerable length.

Crinoid stems were found in enormous quantity in all the layers of the Zeawan bed. Sometimes the rock is nothing but a mass of rings pressed together. In the Rotta Roh I found a great number of an Encrinus, cup-shaped and nearly a foot in height, belonging apparently to a new genus. I cannot describe it at present. It supports a multitude of minute arms and fingers, the debris of which form a glaring-white rock, very conspicuous as one of the layers of the Zeawan bed in the Punjab.

BRYOZOA.

Tenestella Sykesii, (de Kon.) Pl. IV. bis. figs. 1, a. b. c. d.
Journal I. Geological Society, Vol. XIX. p. 5. Pl. 1 fig. 1.

The colony forms a wavy leaf. The openings of the cells cover the whole surface of the longitudinal bars without assuming a linear arrangement; the transverse bars are barren of cells. The cells are arranged in bundles imbedded in sockets of the support, so that a vertical section along one of the longitudinal bars shows a succession of little cups or sockets, in each of which are collected from six to eight elongated cells, disposed fan-like. The calcareous support between the sockets is massive.

This Bryozoon is extraordinarily abundant in the Zeawan bed. The colonies are often packed one over the other like dead leaves, and I have counted seven and eight colonies in a piece of shale not an inch thick.

Fenestella Megastoma, (deKon). Pl. IV. bis. fig. 2, a. b. c. d.

Op. Cit. Vol. XIX. p. 5. Pl. II. fig. 3. The shape of the colony was not seen. The openings of the cells cover the longitudinal bars, without assuming a linear arrangement. The bars are rounded on the cell-bearing side and are angular on the barren surface. They are hollow or tubular, and the cells are arranged over the roof of the tube, like bricks in an arch, and are not connected in bundles and contained in sockets as in the Fen. Sykesii. Fenestella, sp. Pl. V. fig. 1.

The

Shape of colony not seen, but generally very flat and wavy. oscules, which are small, are somewhat quadrangular. It is found mostly as an imprint. Disposition of the cells not seen.

Very abundant at Zeawan, Zowoor, Banda, in Kashmir and also in the Rotta Roh.

Vincularia Multangularis, (Portlock)? Pl. IV. bis., figs. 3, a. b. c. d. See M. de Vernueil's note.

The colony has a moss-like appearance. The cells are arranged all round a calcareous support, and inclined forwards.

This Bryozoon is extremely abundant in the Zeawan bed, the branches extending in all directions but never anastomosing; their division is nearly always dichotomous. I have seen colonies cover more than a square foot of rock with their ramifications.

Disteichia?? (Sharpe). Pl. V. fig. 2,

I am unable to refer it to any genus which I know, unless to the genus Disteichia (Sharpe). It is found at Zeawan, but is there rare; in the Rotta Roh it is very common. The layers of cells accumulate one over the other to a great extent, forming occasionally large masses of Coralline rock.

Acanthocladia, sp. Pl. V. fig. 3.

The colony has the aspect of a fern. The central stem throws out branches at regular intervals, and at a certain fixed angle, and these branches throughout younger branches. Both stem and branches support short spines like leaflets. The disposition of the cells was not seen, as only imprints of this animal were found.