List of Jungle products used as articles of food. Remarks. Much used by the Sonthals; occasionally roasted and eaten alone, but more frequently boiled up with the dried flowers of mhowa. Sometimes stored, but more frequently roasted and eaten close to the spot where found. Sometimes cultivated. Kernels if eaten in excessive quantity are said to produce intoxication. Seeds used as a substitute for almonds. Seeds of this used as a sort of meal and are probably sometimes ground into flour before use. Placenta between the seeds used to make sherbet. Seeds eaten in the same way as those of Sal. The fruit is dried in the sun and eaten in times of scarcity, and the seeds yield an oil which is used as a substitute for ghee. (See flowers.) Fruit collected and sold in bazaars. Tree occasionally found wild in the jungle; use of fruit well Is dried and stored. A cultivated variety yields a much larger fruit. Fruits-continued. Names. Remarks. A small black fruit having a slightly tart taste. Are much eaten in time of scarcity by the very poorest Sontháls and Coles. Is capable of much improvement by cultivation. Are procurable in large quantities in some of the tanks. Olax scandens, Roxb. Ægle Marmelos, Corr. Bael. id. Chiefly used for making sherbet, but are also prepared in other ways. Dried and exported in large quantities. Fruit somewhat astringent. Katái. id. Páni-zali, id. Used for making pickles. Acrid, except when perfectly ripe. Erycibe paniculata, Roxb. P Extensively used throughout the district. Is generally cooked with Sál seeds. Price varies from 10 seers up to 8 maunds for one rupee. Used in tarkáris, or vegetable curries. Stamens and young pods occasionally eaten. Remarks. Base of stem and young shoots are eaten. The native names given are those of the stem, not of the plant itself. These roots furnish considerable nutriment and are extensively used throughout the country. These are capable of being ground up into a useful flour. Kashmir, the Western Himalaya and the Afghan Mountains, a- Albert M. Verchere, Esq. M. D. Membre de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris. (Continued from page 50, of No. III. 1867.) CHAPTER IV.-General Remarks, Geognostic History, and Conclusion. 81. In the preceding chapters I have often insisted on the parallelism of the several chains of the Himalaya; this parallelism is at once evident by reference to the map. Between the great parallels, we have seen that smaller, catenated chains make their appearance, filling up, as it were, with their spurs and branches, the great troughs formed by the principal parallel ridges. All the peaks and sinuosities of these catenated chains appear to present the same arrangement, viz. a highly crystalline and porphyritic variety of volcanic rock, passing gradually into others less crystalline, such as Trachyte, Felstone and Greenstone, and finally covered by ash, cinders, agglomerate, laterite, and compact azoic slate these beds of ejecta, together with their interstratified layers of slate and sandstone, are all conformable to the fossiliferous strata by which they are covered, and have behaved like those at the final upheaval of the great system. But the more crystalline rocks, the several porphyries, the hornblende rocks, &c. do not appear to have been displaced laterally in any way to the same extent as the stratified layers; they rather seem to have been upheaved from underground as a solid mass, breaking through the beds of superficial trap and of volcanic ejecta. A similar disposition is likewise usual in granitic mountains, the granite supporting gneiss, schist, metamorphic slate and marble, and these being covered by fossiliferous rocks. : To explain the cause of this arrangement, let us consider what is the section of a volcano, as far as it is known at present from a study of active and extinct ones. We have under the surface of the country, in which the volcano occurs, enormous masses of trachyte, becoming more and more crystalline and prophyritic as we proceed deeper, and probably passing gradually into granite. In some |