Linaon is a precipitous bluff 205 feet (62 m.) high. A deep valley lies back of the town of Inayauan, 2 miles southward of the bluff.

A reef with 14 fathom (0.4 m.) least water lies 1 mile southsouthwestward of Maquiliguian Point. Depths of 312 and 434 fathoms (4.4 to 8.7 m.) are shown about 1/2 mile westward and northward, respectively, of the 14-fathom (0.4 m.) reef.

A reef awash at low water lies 214 miles south-southwestward of Maquiliguian Point and over 1 mile from shore. There are several detached reefs, with depths of 1 to 3 fathoms (1.8 to 5.5 m.), between the reef awash and the shore, and vessels should not attempt to pass inside of it.

Danjugan Island, 255 feet (78 m.) high, lies 2 miles northward of Binigsian Point. It is surrounded by a coral reef which bares at low water and is steep-to on all sides. Northwest of the island on the edge of the shore reef are two islets or rocks, the outer one of which is 27 feet (8.2 m.) high.

Agutayan Island, 315 feet (96 m.) high, lies 1/2 mile southeastward of Danjugan Island. It is surrounded by a broad, coral reef. The channel between the islands has 7 fathoms (12.8 m.) and that between Agutayan and the shore reef, 62 fathoms (11.9 m.) Both channels are narrow, being only about 1/4 mile wide.

Binigsian Point is fringed with coral, which extends 14 mile southwestward. The point forms an excellent landmark as it may be easily recognized by a scar caused by a landslide on the 120-foot (36 m.) hill on the point.

Anajauan Island, 230 feet (70 m.) high, lies 3/4 mile southwestward of Binigsian Point and is surrounded by a coral reef that extends 1/4 mile northward. Near the northern end of the reef are several islets, the largest of which is 118 feet (36 m.) high. The channel between the reef off Anajauan Island and the reef off Binigsian Point is very narrow but deep and clear. A reef with 12 fathoms (2.7 m.) least water lies 1/2 mile southward of Anajauan

Island.

One mile southward of Binigsian Point the coast recedes to eastward, forming Cartagena Bay. It is of small extent; coral reefs extend about 1/4 mile off the points, and there is a 134-fathom (3.2 m.) reef almost in the center of the bay. A sand beach at the head affords a landing in front of the town of Cartagena. Between Buluguisan Point, 3 miles southward of Binigsian Point and Bulubadian Point, 3 miles farther, is a sand beach back of which is the long valley of the Sipalay River. Southward the coast continues high and rugged as far as Obon Point.

Matatindoc Point, with the large rock lying on the reef in front of it, makes a good landmark for vessels coasting in this vicinity. Campomanes Bay, the only well-protected anchorage on this coast, lies 9 miles southward of Binigsian Point and almost midway between Matatindoc and Obon Points. The head of the bay is sand beach, but the sides are fringed with coral. The reef extends about 1/3 mile northwestward of the southern entrance point and has several large rocks upon it, the largest of which is wooded and about 90 feet (27.4 m.) high. The center of the bay is very deep, but anchorage may be taken up in 12 to 15 fathoms (21.9 to 27.4 m.),

mud bottom, about 450 yards southward of the river that empties into the head of the bay or farther southeastward, as desired.

Nabulao Bay, between Obon Point on the north and Catmon Point on the south, is partially filled with reefs and shoals. A broad reef fringes the shore, and a coral ridge having a width of from 11⁄2 to 34 mile with a large unnamed island upon it, projects 121⁄2 miles from the head of the bay, dividing it into two parts. The northern part of the bay is almost filled with shoals, and rocks awash lie 1 mile east-southeastward of the highest part of the unnamed island on the reef. The southerly part of Nabulao Bay affords anchorage protected in northerly and easterly weather, in 9 to 14 fathoms (16.4 to 25.6 m.), mud bottom, eastward of the island 1/2 mile from shore and about 300 yards outside the shore reef.

Catmon Bay, southeastward of Catmon Point, is small and exposed to westerly wind and seas. From Catmon Bay to Cansilan Point, 20 miles southeastward, the coast is quite regular, steep-to, and has few dangers outside the shore reef. The high land approaches closer to the shore, leaving only a narrow coastal plain with a fringe of coconut palms along the shore. Just southward of Catmon Bay is a stretch of sand beach about 1 mile long, near the middle of which lies the town of Hinubaan. A 3-fathom (6.4 m.) shoal lies about 1/2 mile off the southern end of this beach 214 miles south-southeastward of Catmon Point. At Bolila Point the shore reefs widen, extending over 1/4 mile southward of the point. Bolila Island lies on the shore reef between Bolila Point and the town of Asia. Partially protected anchorage may be found between Bolila Island and a reef that bares at low water, lying 11⁄2 mile southeastward of the island. At Doog Point the hills come close to the shore, giving this point its prominence. Calipapa and Basay are two small towns on the coast between Doog Point and Cansilan Point. At Cansilan Point the coast turns eastward, then southeastward and finally southward to Cauitan Point, forming Tolong Bay. Tolong Bay is open and exposed. The eastern part, off the mouth of the Tolong River, is deep, but westward of that river the bottom slopes off more gradually to the 10-fathom (18.3 m.) curve. Both the Bayuan and San Sebastian Rivers are closed to all except the smaller boats, though they have a good depth inside. Tolong, at the mouth of the Bayuan River, is the most important town in the bay. Vessels can find fair-weather anchorage in front of the town 12 to 1 mile offshore in 4 to 7 fathoms (7.3 to 12.8 m.); mud bottom. A trail and telephone line follows the shore around the south end of Negros to Dumaguete on the east coast.

From Cauitan Point to Siaton Point, the southernmost point of Negros, the shore is steep-to and fringed by a narrow coral reef. Between Giligaon Point and Siaton Point strong tidal currents may be expected, the ebb flowing northwestward and the flood in the opposite direction. Some heavy tide rips have been encountered off this coast. At Giligaon Point the land rises steeply from the shore and with the lone coconut palm on the top makes this point an excellent landmark. Dome Peak, 2,775 feet (846 m.) high, and Sharp Peak, 2,815 feet (858 m.) high, also make good marks. The towns and rivers on this part of the coast are unimportant.

Siaton Point, the southern extremity of Negros, is clean and steep-to. It is the end of a long mountain ridge extending northwestward; its coast line is an abrupt cliff 60 feet (18.3 m.) high, which extends around the point.

From Siaton Point the coast trends eastward, with a curve northward for about 7 miles to Bonbonon Point. This coast is generally low and sandy and fringed with coconut trees, and is clean and steepto. It forms the foot of a large valley, which trends a long distance northward.

Siaton River is a small, unimportant river which empties about 1 mile northeastward of Siaton Point. The town of Siaton is about 1 mile inland on the east bank of the river and is not visible. The Canaway River, another small and unimportant river, empties about 34 mile eastward of the Siaton.

Off the mouths of the above rivers are sand bars which extend about 1/4 mile from shore, outside of which the water deepens very rapidly. An indifferent anchorage may be found off the mouth of the Canaway River in 15 fathoms (27.4 m.), sandy bottom, about 300 yards from shore.

Bonbonon Point, clean and steep-to, is the end of a long ridge trending northerly. A cliff about 40 feet (12.2 m.) high extends around the point. Back of the cliff the land rises rapidly, attaining a height of over 200 feet (61 m.) at a distance of 1/2 mile inland.

Port Bonbonon (chart 4466) is a small inlet making into the south end of Negros, which affords perfect protection for small craft at all times. Its entrance lies about 3/4 mile northwestward from Bonbonon Point. The channel is about 50 yards wide at the narrowest point and has a least depth of 3 fathoms (5.5 m.). The best anchorage is in 5 fathoms (9.1 m.) muddy bottom, off the mouth of the Talocoy River, where there is a width of about 300 yards.

Directions. As the reefs on both sides of the channel show plainly, Port Bonbonon is comparatively easy of access in the daytime. The northern side of the eastern entrance point is clean and steep-to and may be passed close aboard. After passing this point the southern side of the port should be favored, as a small reef, generally marked by a fish trap, makes out from the first point on the northern side. From here the shores of the port are clean and steep-to.

From Bonbonon Point the coast trends in an east-northeast direction for 5 miles to Zamboanguita Point. This coast is generally low and sandy and fringed by a very narrow, steep-to, coral reef. Between Bonbonon Point and Port Siyt the sandy beach is broken by a number of steep cliffs.

Port Siyt (chart 4466), about 211⁄2 miles northeastward of Bonbonon Point, is somewhat similar to Port Bonbonon and affords good shelter for small craft. The narrowest part of the channel has a width of only 40 yards and a least depth of about 6 fathoms (11 m.). The best anchorage is near the head of the harbor, where there is a width of about 300 yards, in 7 or 8 fathoms (12.8 to 14.6 m.); soft, muddy bottom. As the reefs at the entrance are plainly visible, access is comparatively easy.

Zamboanguita Point is flat and sandy; shoal water extends nearly 4 mile southward from it. The town of Zamboanguita, concealed by coconut trees, lies on the point.

Apo Island lies about 4 miles east by south of Zamboanguita Point. Rocks awash extend about 1 mile southward from it. The remainder of the shores of the island are clean and steep-to. The north end is a gently sloping table-land 393 feet (120 m.) high, which drops off abruptly on all sides. The southern end is about 150 feet (46 m.) high, and between these two parts the land is low and flat and under cultivation. A flashing white light, visible 16 miles, is shown from a small, round, concrete tower on the northern end of Apo Island. In the channel between Apo Island and the coast of Negros the current flows constantly from north to south with variable velocity.

From Zamboanguita Point the coast trends northeast by north for 612 miles to Dauin Point and thence north-northeast for 72 miles to Dumaguete. This coast is clear and steep-to, and the bank is too steep to afford anchorage. The coast is formed by coral-sand beach terminated at high water by coconut trees or grass. The country for 11⁄2 mile inland is practically flat and then rises gradually to the high mountain range which marks the southeastern part of Negros.

Dauin Point is sandy and flat and covered with trees somewhat higher than those generally found in this vicinity. It is clear and can be passed close-to.

Dauin is a small unimportant town just westward from the point of the same name and about 200 yards from the beach. It contains a large, prominent, stone church standing on a slight elevation and the ruins of two stone forts.

Bacong is a village lying on the coast about 4 miles north-northeastward of Dauin Point. It contains a large, prominent church.

Cuernos de Negros are three very prominent peaks 8 to 10 miles northward of Zamboanguita Point. The highest peak is conical in shape and 6,244 feet (1,903 m.) high. They are well wooded, and on their eastern side a deep valley makes out to the coast at Dumaguete. Dumaguete Point is a flat, salient point of sand. The Dumaguete River empties close to the point.

Dumaguete (chart 4466), the capital and largest town of Oriental Negros lies in a slight bend of the coast immediately northward of the point and river of the same name. It is connected with Oslob, Cebu, and Misamis, Mindanao, by telegraph cables which land on the northern side of the mouth of the Dumaguete River. The town presents a prominent appearance from the sea. Its exports are hemp, copra, and some sugar. A fixed red light, visible 7 miles, is shown from a white, concrete beacon close to the beach in the northern part of the town.

The anchorage off Dumaguete is bad, the bank being steep-to and the holding ground poor, vessels are liable to drag off into deep water. It is open eastward and during the northeast monsoon is frequently unsafe, and landing at times is dangerous and even impracticable. A stone jetty with dock has been constructed at the northern end of Dumaguete, near the stream northward of Silliman Institute. The jetty is approximately 1,000 feet long, extending

east and northeastward. The end of the dock is 50 feet wide, with a depth of 3 fathoms (5.5 m.) alongside. Vessels usually anchor east-northeastward of the light in about 15 fathoms (27.4 m.).

Another anchorage recommended is with the bell tower, southward of the church, bearing 240° (SW. by W. % N. mag.), in 25 to 10 fathoms (46 to 18 m.) according to the size of the vessel. A little outside of the line joining Dumaguete Point and the point northward of the town, 25 fathoms (46 m.) will be found; inshore of this the soundings decrease rapidly. A medium-sized vessel anchoring here with 45 fathoms (82 m.) of chain will have 5 fathoms (9.1 m.) of water under her stern as she tails inshore and straightens her cable. The best boat landing is on the beach in front of the band stand; the beach is sandy with coral bottom a short distance from the shore line, but a boat will usually go over the coral unless too heavily laden. From Duamaguete the coast trends northward for about 2 miles to Calongcalong Point. This coast is low and sandy and fringed by a narrow, steep-to, coral reef. About 100 yards northeastward of Calongcalong Point are two small sandy cays lying on the edge of the shore reef.

Tañon Strait, between Negros and Cebu Islands, is about 90 miles long, north and south, 3 miles wide at the southern entrance, and 15 miles wide at the northern. The middle of the strait is deep and clear. On the Cebu side there are no off-lying dangers, and the water is deep close up to the shore reefs. On the Negros side the same statement holds true, with the exception of a few detached reefs, none of which lie more than 2 miles from shore. There are no harbors suitable for large vessels on either side of the strait. The currents in the southern part of the strait are strong and complicated and at spring tides attain a velocity of 5 or 6 knots, with strong races and eddies; at neap tides the velocity is 2 or 3 knots. The tidal current runs with considerable velocity over the whole width of the strait, but decreases rapidly as the strait widens out. During the southwest monsoon the wind is usually fresh from the northward, drawing down the axis of the strait.

EAST COAST OF NEGROS

From Calongcalong Point the coast trends in a general northwesterly direction for about 16 miles to Canamay Point, the southern entrance point to Bais Bay. From Calongcalong Point to Amblan Point, a distance of 9 miles, the shores are generally clear, steep-to, sandy beaches with very little coral; between Amblan and Canamay Points there is a steep-to coral reef which extends 1/2 mile in places. From Calongcalong Point to within 3 miles of Amblan Point the land is low and covered with coconut trees with an occasional rocky bluff; thence to Amblan Point low hills about 100 feet (30 m.) high lie close to the shore. From Amblan Point to Canamay Point the land is low and the shore line is partly mangroves and partly sandy beaches. There is a good road skirting the shore along this coast of Negros. There are a number of small towns and villages on this coast, off which anchorage may be found in fine weather but usually very close in because of the great depth of the water.