low mean low water it will consist of a mound of rubble-stone 40 feet wide on top. The estimated cost of the improvement is $5,000,000. The total amount appropriated to date is $300,000. The expenditures to June 30, 1888, were $194,125.24. The condition of the improvement June 30, 1888, was as follows: 242,934 tons of rubble-stone had been deposited, by which 2,200 running feet of the substructure of the breakwater were essentially completed. During the year ending June 30, 1889, a survey of the breakwater was made and a contract entered into for the delivery of 110,000 tons, more or less, of rubble stone to be deposited in the break water. Under this contract 41,965 tons were delivered during the year. To complete the project will require an appropriation of $4,700,000. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, $150,000 could be expended to advantage. The prospective benefits to commerce and navigation by the construction of this harbor of refuge are increased safety to life and property, and a consequent reduction in freights and insurance. July 1, 1888, amount available.... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.. July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888... July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts... July 1, 1889, balance available..... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project...... 4,700,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1891 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867. (See Appendix B 5.) 150,000.00 6. Gloucester Harbor, Massachusetts.-Gloucester Harbor is an important center for the fishing fleet of New England, about 20 miles north of Boston. Its inner harbor was originally obstructed by sunken rocks and shoals, preventing free movement of vessels; and the approaches to the wharves were shallow, varying from 1 to 12 feet. The outer harbor was open to all southerly winds. The first project submitted in compliance with the act of July 11, 1870, proposed to clear the harbor of sunken rocks, and to build a stone breakwater from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal. The operations in execution of this general project under the acts of July 11, 1870, and June 10, 1872, have been confined solely to the removal of isolated sunken rocks specially obstructive to the navigation of the inner harbor. The act of June 10, 1872, appropriated $10,000, which sum was applied to the removal of Clam Rock, Pinnacle Rock, rock off J. Friend's Wharf, rock off Pew's Wharf, and a portion of Babson's Ledge. The act of August 5, 1886, appropriated $5,000 for a survey of the harbor, and for continuing work on Babson's Ledge. The survey was completed in December, 1886, and a report and general project based on this survey was published in the report of the Chief of Engineers for 1887, page 500. The revised project proposed to remove from the inner harbor 1014 cubic yards of rock known to exist, and 216,000 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material, at an estimated cost of $65,000; and to construct the breakwater that extends from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal, recommended in the project of 1884, at an estimated cost of $752,000. The total appropriations to date have been $25,000. The amount expended to June 30, 1888, was $15,000. On June 30, 1888, the condition of the improvement was as follows: Clam Rock, Pinnacle Rock, rock off J. Friend's Wharf, and rock off Pew's Wharf had been reduced to the level of the surrounding bottom, and Babson's Ledge to 14 feet at mean low water. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, 17,596 cubic yards were dredged from Harbor Cove, and 170 cubic yards of ledge and bowlders were removed from the approaches to the wharves between Harbor Cove and Pew's Wharf. The dredging in Harbor Cove made two channels of approach to the wharves, each 40 feet wide and 10 feet deep; the eastern one 550 feet long, the western 1,000 feet long. To complete the proposed dredging will cost $55,000; to complete the proposed breakwater, $752,000; total, $807,000. Of this amount, $25,000 could be expended to advantage during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891. Amoant appropriated by act of August 11, 1888 July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1828 July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. $10,000.00 $9, 326. 46 240. 00 9, 566. 46 July 1, 1889, balance available...... 433. 54 55,000.00 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project..... (See Appendix B 6.) 7. Manchester Harbor, Massachusetts.-Manchester Harbor is situated about 5 miles northeast from the entrance of Salem Harbor, Massachusetts. Its outer roadstead contains 300 acres approximately, with 5 fathoms of water. Its entrance channel is 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water up to Proctor's Point; it then shoals rapidly to a depth of 14 feet at the "Narrows," 1,400 feet from Proctor's Point; and for a further distance of 2,500 feet to the town wharves no low-water channel exists. The project for its improvement is based on the survey provided for in the act of August 5, 1886. It proposes to dredge a channel from Proctor's Point to the town wharves, 4,000 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 4 feet deep at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $14,000. The act of August 11, 1888, appropriated $2,500 for this work. It was proposed to expend this amount in partial execution of the project in the removal of a ledge near Proctor's Point, but after proposals had been advertised for and opened November 2, 1888, it was decided to retain the amount available in the Treasury until further funds are provided. No other operations have been in progress, and the original condition of the harbor is unchanged. To complete the project will require an appropriation of $11,800. Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.......... July 1, 1889, ainount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888.... July 1, 1889, balance available..... $2,500.00 103. 07 2,396.93 $11,800.00 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. harbor acts of 1866 and 1867. (See Appendix B 7.) 8. Lynn Harbor, Massachusetts.-The object of this improvement is to obtain a more direct, wider, and deeper channel of approach to the city wharves. The original channels were narrow and crooked, and had but 6 feet depth at mean low water, and the greater part of the harbor was bare at low water. The project was adopted in 1884. It proposed a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water, through the outer and inner bars. The outer channel is 3,610 feet long; the inner one 6,450 feet. It is supposed that the inner channel will need occasional dredging. To aid in keeping the outer channel open a training wall is proposed, if experience shall show it to be necessary. On September, 1888, the project was modified by extending the inner channel 400 feet inside the harbor line, and making at its inner end an anchorage basin 500 by 300 feet in area, 10 feet deep at mean low water. The cost of the project, as revised in 1888, was $182,000. The total appropriations to date are $76,000. The expenditures to June 30, 1888, were $65,962.60. On that date the outer channel had been completed 3,610 feet long, 200 feet wide; the inner channel was 6,450 feet long, 150 feet wide; both were 10 feet deep at mean low water. A contract was entered into November 23, 1888, for the expenditure of $10,000 made available for this improvement by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. This contract expires December 31, 1889.. No operations were in progress under it during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889. A survey of the western channel is in progress to determine its condition and what part of the funds available shall be expended for this channel. The condition of the improvement is the same as at date of last report. To complete the improvement according to project heretofore approved will cost $81,000. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, $25,000 could be expended to advantage in widening the inner channel and the extension to the inner basin. The prospective benefits to commerce are increased facilities and safety to navigation. July 1, 1888, amount available..... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888 July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888.. July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts. July 1, 1889, balance available $37.40 10,000.00 10,037.40 $53.32 8, 120.00 8, 401.82 1,635.58 81,000.00 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1891. 25,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867. (See Appendix B 8.) 9. Winthrop Harbor, Massachusetts.-Winthrop Harbor is situated in the northeastern part of Boston Harbor. It contains 350 acres, approx. imately, all of which is essentially dry at low tide. The mean range of tides is 9.4 feet. The original project for its improvement was based on the survey provided for in the act of August 5, 1886. It proposes to dredge a straight channel, 3,900 feet long, 50 feet wide, 6 feet deep at mean low water, from the "Back" channel of Boston Harbor to Rice's Wharf. The river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, appropriated $1,000 for this harbor. This sum was insufficient to commence any operations that would be of benefit to commerce, and it has been retained in the Treasury. No operations have been in progress or expenditures made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889. The original condition of the harbor is unchanged. To complete the improvement will require an appropriation of $16,600. Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.. Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project. (See Appendix B 9.) $1,000.00 1,000.00 $16, 600.00 5,000.00 10. Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.-The object of this improvement is, first, to preserve the harbor by protecting the islands and headlands; and second, to improve it by widening, straightening, and deepening the channels. The projects adopted for this purpose since 1866 have been mainly in accordance with the recommendations of the United States commissioners, whose labors terminated during that year. The works of preservation consist of sea-walls, aprons, jetties, etc., which protect the shores of the islands and headlands, prevent additional wash into the channels, control the tidal scour, and preserve the full height of anchorage shelter for vessels in the roadsteads. Such have been built or repaired at Point Allerton and the islands of Great Brewster, Lovell, Gallop's, Long, Deer, Rainsford, George's, and Castle. The works of improvement have been by dredging and blasting, by which means many dangerous rocks and shoals have been removed and the main ship-channel enlarged from 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water so that it is now at least 600 feet wide and 23 feet deep at mean low water. The following tributary channels have also been improved: 1. Charles River.-The natural channel of this river has been widened, straightened, and deepened, so that from its mouth up to Western Avenue Bridge, a distance of 43 miles, the channel has a width of 200 feet, and a depth of 7 feet at mean low water; thence to Arsenal Street Bridge, 24 miles, the channel has a least width of 80 feet, and a least depth of 6 feet. 2. Fort Point Channel.-This important branch of the main shipchannel originally had a least depth of 12 feet at its entrance, and the channel was narrow and crooked. It has been widened to 175 feet and deepened to 23 feet at mean low water from its mouth to Congress Street Bridge, a distance of 1,900 feet. 3. Hingham Harbor.-(See separate report.) 4. Nantasket Beach Channel.-The project adopted in 1880 was to widen and deepen the channel so that it would be at least 100 feet wide and 93 feet deep at mean low water. The project was completed in 1881 and 1883. 5. Channel between Nix's Mate and Long Island. This channel had originally 4 feet depth at mean low water. A cut has been made through the bar, 200 feet wide, 550 feet long, and 12 feet deep at mean low water. This improved channel has proved to be of great convenience to the local commerce, and should be widened to 300 feet and deepened to 15 feet, mean low water, and its axis slightly changed. 6. Broad Sound.—An obstruction called "Barrel Rock" was removed in 1869. The total appropriations to date for this harbor have been, since 1867, $1,788,750. The expenditures to June 30, 1888, were $1,654,020.74 (inclusive of outstanding liabilities). During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, 146,556 cubic yards were dredged from the main ship-channel at the Upper and Lower Middle, and 375 cubic yards of ledges were removed from it at the Lower Middle. The channel is now 750 feet wide at the Upper Middle and 1,000 feet wide at the Lower Middle, 23 feet deep at mean low water. The extension of the sea-wall at Gallop's Island was commenced and about 75 feet of the work completed during the fiscal year. The sea-wall at George's Island was repaired at an expense of $300. A general survey of the outer harbor was made. The several works of improvement are in good order and show no serious deterioration. The existing works of preservation are generally in good order, but some of them require repairs and extensions. July 1, 1888, amount available.... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888. July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of $3,129.26 125,000.00 128, 129.26 $70, 438.54 85,628.24 42, 501.02 325,000.00 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... (See Appendix B 10.) 11. Hingham Harbor, Massachusetts.-The object of the work is to widen and deepen the natural channel, which was 30 feet wide and 4 feet deep, so that it will be 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water. The project was originally proposed in 1874 and was modified in 1885. The original project was estimated to cost $11,000. The project of 1885 was to cost an additional sum of $18,750. The total amount appropriated to date has been $21,000. The amount expended to June 30, 1888, was $16,000. The condition of the work on June 30, 1888, was as follows: The channel was 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep throughout, and at the ledge where operations have been in progress under the modified |