Consular Officer's Certificate of Expenditure in the case of Passengers Wrecked or Forwarded. Form IV. Passage Broker's Bond (s. 342). Form V. Passage Broker's License. Form VI. Notice to the Board of Trade by Licensing Authority granting a License. Form VII. Notice to the Board of Trade by Applicant for such a license. Form VIII. Notice of Forfeiture of such a License, by the Court to the Board of Trade. Form IX. Appointment of Passage Broker's Agent. Form X. Emigrant Runner's Annual License.

Schedule XV. (s. 375). Number and Dimensions of Boats for Registered Fishing Bouts.

Schedule XVI. (s. 420). Maximum Fees for Inspection of Lights and Fog Signals. For each visit 10s., but not to exceed £1 whatever the number of visits.

Schedule XVII. (s. 429). Life-Saving Appliances: Constitution of the Committee. Three owners selected by Chamber of Shipping of the United Kingdom; one by the Glasgow Shipowners Association, and one conjointly by the Liverpool Shipowners and Steam Ship Owners Associations. Two Shipbuilders selected by the Institution of Naval Architects. Three persons practically acquainted with navigation selected by Shipmasters Societies. Three A.B. Seamen selected by Seamen's Societies. Two persons selected conjointly by Lloyd's Committee, Lloyd's Register Society, and the Institute of London Underwriters.

Schedule XVIII. (s. 453). Precautions as to Grain Cargo.—A ship laden with a grain cargo must not carry any grain in bulk between the main and upper decks, except in feeders for the cargo in the hold. Where such feeders are not provided, not less than one-fourth of the grain* in any hold or compartment shall be in bags, on platforms laid on the grain in bulk.

This regulation as to bags does not apply to oats or cotton seed†; nor to sailing ships of less than 400 tons register not engaged in the Atlantic trade; nor to a ship laden at Mediterranean or Black Sea ports if divided into compartments by transverse partitions, and fitted with longitudinal bulkheads or shifting boards, and if the ship carries not more than one-fourth of the grain cargo, and not more than 1,500 quarters, in any one compartment, fitted with feeders from the between decks; nor to a ship in which the grain cargo

*In the case of single-decked ships, this fourth or part thereof may consist of cotton or grass bales, bags of flour or other suitable cargo stowed on platforms. (Board of Trade Official Notice, No. II., 1881).

Ships loading a cargo of oats or cotton seed may carry it in bulk between the decks, but the between-deck hatches must not be put on, and openings provided or deck strakes lifted, to admit of the grain feeding the lower hold. (B.T. Of. Notices, Nos. III., V., VII., and VIII.)

does not exceed one-half of the whole cargo, the other part of the cargo being so stowed as to prevent the grain from shifting.

The hold and 'tween decks must be divided by a longitudinal bulkhead, or by grain-tight shifting boards.

Schedule XIX. (s. 558). Part I. Statements in case of Salvage by H.M. Ships.—The salvor must give particulars of the place, condition, and circumstances of the salvage, the nature and duration of the services rendered, his estimated value of the property saved, the amount claimed for salvage, and any other relevant circumstances. And the master or person in charge of the vessel or property is to make a similar statement, and must give in addition a copy of the certificate of registry, and of the state of the ship's ownership, with particulars of the freighter, freight, and cargo, and of the owner or consignee of the latter; also his estimated value of the ship, cargo, property, and freight (in place of the value of the cargo he may give a copy of the vessel's manifest); also his estimate of the value of the salvage; a list of property saved; an account and particulars of any sale of vessel, cargo, or property; particulars of the crew at the time of the salvage services; and any other relevant circumstances; and also of his willingness to execute a bond in a prescribed form (Part II.).

Part II. Form of Salvage Bond to be executed by the Master.-See page 216.

Schedule XX. (s. 567). Maximum Fees and Remuneration of Receivers.— For every examination on oath, £1, not to exceed in the aggregate £2 whatever the number of deponents. For every report required to be sent to Lloyd's, 10s. For wreck taken into his custody, 5 per cent on the value, but the amount not to exceed £20.

Services rendered in respect of a vessel in distress, not being wreck, if the vessel and cargo exceeds £600, then £2 for the first and £1 for every subsequent day the receiver is employed; but if of less than £600 value, then one-half of such sums.

Schedule XXI. (s. 582). Maximum Rates of Pilotage leviable by the Trinity House.-Foreign ships, unless privileged, pay one-fourth more than British

ships.

Schedule XXII. (s. 745). Repeal.-Enumerates the Acts repealed.

CHAIN CABLES, AND ANCHORS.

The Chain Cables and Anchors Acts, 1864, 1871, and 1874, being 27 and 28 Vict., cap. 27; 34 and 35 Vict., cap. 101; and 37 and 38 Vict., cap. 51, respectively provide for the testing of chain cables and anchors by licensed public bodies under Board of Trade inspection, and for the marking of every anchor, and every 5 fathoms of chain, with a proof mark, and giving certificates of test, at certain authorised charges. Persons offending against these Acts are liable to heavy penalties, and in some cases are guilty of a misdemeanour. The operation of these Acts does not relieve makers from civil responsibility. The sale or purchase for the use of any British ship of unproved chain cables, or anchors, exceeding 168 lbs. in weight, is a misdemeanour, and every contract for sale of chain cable shall be deemed to imply a warranty that such cable has been properly tested. The anchors and cables of any alleged unseaworthy ship may be tested, unless they have previously been tested in the prescribed manner. These Acts do not affect Admiralty contracts.

ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE.

By the Reserve Volunteer Force of Seamen Act, 22 and 23 Vict., cap. 40, provision was made for enrolling from amongst the seafaring classes of the community a force not exceeding 30,000 men, and for training them, or, if necessary, calling them up for active service. Provisions were also made for their maintenance, payment, pension, discharge, and punishment.

By the Officers of Royal Naval Reserve Act, 1863, 26 and 27 Vict., cap. 69, ss. 1 to 5, provisions were made for accepting the service of officers and engineers of the merchant service and other suitable persons, as officers of the Reserve to the Royal Navy. Forms of application for appointments can be obtained from any Registrar of seamen.

The Royal Naval Reserve of Seamen consists of four classes :

(1.) Able Seamen, or men of higher rating; age at entry not to exceed 30; must have had at least 6 years sea service. The retainer is a sum of £6 a year, payable quarterly; he may also obtain an appointment in the Coastguard service, and under certain conditions a pension of £12 a year.

(2.) Ordinary Seamen or Fishermen; age at entry from 19 to 30, with at least 3 years seafaring experience. The retainer is £3 5s. a year, payable quarterly.

(3.) Boys; age 15 to 16, having spent 13 year in a training ship or school. (4.) Firemen; age from 21 to 35 at entry, having spent at least 2 years at sea as a fireman. The retainer is £6 a year, payable quarterly, and under certain conditions a pension of £12 a year.

The engagement is for 5 years in each case, and on inrolment a certificate is issued, which must be carefully preserved. This must be personally produced to a Registrar in the United Kingdom at intervals not exceeding 6 months, unless special leave has been granted.

Drill must be performed on a ship or battery as appointed by the Registrar, Classes 1, 2, and 3 being required to drill 28 days in each year, taking not less than 14 days continuously on the first attendance, and in periods of not less than 7 days subsequently. Firemen must drill 21 days in the first year (not less than 14 days continuously on the first attendance), and 14 days in every subsequent year, in periods of not less than 7 days.

For appointments as Officers in the Royal Naval Reserve, the age of the applicant must not exceed 40 years as Lieutenant, 35 as Sub-Lieutenant, 50 as Senior Engineer, 40 as Engineer, 30 as Assistant Engineer, and 16 to 18 as Midshipman.

To be qualified for the rank of Lieutenant, he must have commanded a first class steamer of at least 1,500 tons, or a sailing ship of 1,000 tons gross, for not less than 1 year. For Sub-Lieutenant, he must have so served as First Mate of such a ship, and must possess a Master's Certificate. Second and Third Mates are also eligible, if not less than 6 years at sea, and possessing a Master's Certificate. For Midshipman, he must have served 1 year at sea on board a first class ship.

To be qualified for Senior Engineer, he must hold a First Class Certificate, have been at least 3 years in sole charge of the machinery of a British ship of not less than 500 H. P., and not less than 8 years at sea as Engineer. For Engineer Officer, he must hold a First Class Certificate, have served at sea as Certificated Engineer for at least 3 years, and have served at least 1 year as Chief Engineer of a ship of 200 H. P., or as Second Engineer of a ship of not less than 500 H. P. For Assistant Engineer, he must hold a First or Second Class Certificate, and have served at sea for a period of not less than 1 year.

Officers must report themselves once a year by letter to the RegistrarGeneral of Seamen, and they must undergo annually 28 days drill and gunnery instruction on a District Drill Ship, in periods of not less than 7 days each; or, if stationed abroad, they may be permitted to do so in one of Her Majesty's Ships.

Officers may also volunteer to go through a course of training in the Fleet for a continuous period of 12 months, and if found competent they will then become entitled to an annual retaining fee of £25 as Lieutenant, £20 as Sub-Lieutenant, and £10 as Midshipman.

It is more than probable that substantial alterations will shortly be made in these conditions.

THE FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACT, 1870.

This Act, being 33 and 34 Vict., cap. 90, is entitled "An Act to regulate the conduct of Her Majesty's subjects, during the existence of hostilities between foreign states, with which Her Majesty is at peace.' The following is a digest of its provisions, which repeal those of the former Act, 59 Geo. III., cap. 69.

Illegal Enlistment.-Any British subject, without Her Majesty's license under sign manual, Order in Council, or proclamation, enlisting in the military or naval service of any such foreign state, or attempting to quit Her Majesty's dominions for such purpose, or any person inducing a British subject so to act, whether by false representations or otherwise, commits an offence punishable by fine and imprisonment. The master or owner of any ship taking illegally enlisted persons on board is also so punishable, and the ship shall be detained until after the trial and payment of penalties inflicted.

Illegal Shipbuilding, and Illegal Expeditions.-Any person within Her Majesty's dominions, without Her Majesty's license, building or causing a ship to be built, knowing or suspecting it to be for the use of any such foreign state, or who issues or delivers any commission for any ship to be so used, or who equips or despatches, or allows it to be despatched, is punishable by fine and imprisonment, and the ship and her equipment shall be forfeited to the Crown. Unless such building or equipment be in pursuance of a contract made before the commencement of the war, when immediately upon a proclamation of neutrality being issued by Her Majesty he must give full notice thereof to the Secretary of State, and give due security that the ship shall not be removed before the conclusion of the war without Her Majesty's license.

Every person engaged in assisting in the fitting out or preparation, or employed in or accessory thereto, of any naval or military expedition against a friendly state, is punishable by fine and imprisonment, and the ships, arms, &c., shall be forfeited to the Crown.

Fines are inflicted at the discretion of the Court, but any term of imprisonment shall not exceed 2 years, either with or without hard labour.

Illegal Prize. If during a war in which Her Majesty is neutral any prize of war be captured within Her territorial jurisdiction, or by any ship built, &c., contrary to the provisions of this Act, and such prize be brought within the limits of Her dominions, the original owner or his country's representative may apply to the Court of Admiralty for seizure thereof, and on due proof it may be restored to the owner. There is a right of appeal.

Legal Procedure.-Where it appears that it would be conducive to the interests of justice, that an offender under this Act should be removed to some other part of Her Majesty's dominions for trial, the judge may so direct. Proceedings for condemnation and forfeiture of ship, &c., require the sanction of the Secretary of State, and must be in the Court of Admiralty. The following persons, referred to as the "local authority," are authorised