would be buried under fresh deposites, by a continuation of the same agency. If, therefore, it may be presumed, that the sides of the Cadachio ravine have been denuded and precipitous, they would be calculated for the excavations used as places of sepulture by the early Greeks; in which case we should be warranted in concluding, that they might attract the curiosity of the Roman Conqueror, who, already elated by the plunder of Corinthian tombs, would naturally expect from a Corinthian colony the necro-corynthes, or mortuary vases, that found such eager purchasers among their wealthy patricians.

Thus, in pursuit of richer relics, the lesser would be neglected, and, being once dilapidated, become subject to the impulse of the torrents.

An unexpected opportunity of writing to England having occurred, I have been obliged to draw up a hurried description of the ruins, from my irregular notes, and without a plan of the building, which I had intended to submit to you.

With every sentiment of esteem, I remain, most respectfully yours,

CORFU, May 13. 1823.

}

SAM. ROE.

ART. VII.-Astronomical Observations made at Paramatta in 1823. By his Excellency Sir THOMAS BRISBANE, K. C. B., F.R.S. Lond. & Edin. &c. &c., and Mr RUMKER. Communicated by the Authors.

THE following astronomical observations, communicated in a

letter to Dr Brewster from Sir Thomas Brisbane, consist, 1. Of the Eclipse of the Moon of January 26. 1823;

2. Of Occultations of the Fixed Stars;

3. Of Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites; and,

?

4. Of a comparison of these Observations with the calculated results, in order to determine the Longitude of the Observatory at Paramatta.

When the results of these observations are compared with corresponding ones made in Europe, a more accurate determination of the position of the Observatory will be obtained; but it is unfortunate that none of the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites that were observed at Paramatta are to be found among the published observations of the same phenomena at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.

1. Eclipse of the Moon, January 26. 1823, observed at the Observatory in Paramatta.

4. Comparison of Observations for the Longitude.

Of the Occultations, only those of Antares and the Eclipse of the Sun are calculated (by Comp. with N. A.): the Longitude of the Observatory at Paramatta thence inferred will be,

Occultation of Antares, February 4. 1823, per Immersion,
The Emersion was too late in being observed.

10 3 59,1

10 4 5,13

Longitude of the Observatory at Paramatta,

10 4 9,16

Longitude by a great number of Lunars,

ART. VIII.-An Account of a Map of Koshanpri. By FRANCIS HAMILTON, M. D. F. R. S. & F. A. S. Lond. & Edin. With a Plate. Communicated by the Author.

THIS Map of Koshanpri, Plate VIII. or of the country of

the Shanwas or Mrelap-shan, I obtained from the slave to the then heir-apparent of the kingdom of Ava, who has been already often mentioned. Of the country which it represents, I have previ

ously given some account (Phil. Journ. vol. iv. p. 266. v. 23.) ; and I may here remark, that the compiler excludes all the towns on the Erawadi from the territory of the Shanwas; nor does he include, in this map at least, the territory of Junzalan mentioned by the native of Taunu (Phil. Journ. vol. v. p. 23.), although that town is certainly much nearer Kiainghan and Mobiæh or Mobræh, than is represented in the map by the native of Taunu, who introduces an immense empty space between these Shan towns and his native country, in order probably to leave room for its territory being considered more ample.

The territory of the Shanwas, if we include Junzalan, but exclude the towns on the Erawadi, extending probably from about Lat. 17° N. to where the Mringngah leaves China, north from Tunbain, in about Lat. 24° 40′ N, will be 460 geographical miles (60 to the degree) in length. Its breadth is in no proportion, as the Saluæn cannot be more than between 80 and 90 geographical miles east from Ava, and the mountains of the Shanwas appeared to be about 30 miles from that city, leaving only from 50 to 60 geographical miles for the width of this ter ritory. This breadth continues from about the latitude of Ava to that of Taunu, a distance of about 186 miles, and gives a square area of about 10,000 square geographical miles. As from these two latitudes, towards each extremity, the territory narrows very much, the 274 remaining miles of length cannot be estimated at giving more than 7000 square miles, especially as the northern extremity around Boduan, being a territory alternately occupied by China, Ava, and Laos, can scarcely be included in either. Farther, of these 7000 miles, a very large proportion seems to be occupied by forests; and it is chiefly in the 10,000 square miles between the latitudes of Ava and Taunu, adding perhaps 2000 square miles on the Mringngah north from Ava, that we are to look for the cultivated territory of the nine cities of the Mrelap-shan or Shanwas, who are the great Siamnese (Tay Yay) of Loubere, and probably the Kalminham of Mendez Pinto, as I have already mentioned (Phil. Journ. v. ii. p. 267.), although they call themselves simply Tay, as if they were the only people entitled to this name.

The Shan cities on the Erawadi, which the slave, in compiling the general map, published in the second volume of this

Journal, included in the territory of the Mrelap-shan, he excludes in this particular map of that territory, which confirms what I have already said on that subject (Phil. Journ. vol. iv. p. 31.); and in this case the proper territory of the Tailung, or Kasi Shan, must have been larger than even the proper kingdom of Ava. But, although the princes of the Tailung (Nora of Asam) may have at one time governed this large territory, and even extended themselves along the Brahmaputra to Asam, to which they gave princes; yet their territory seems always to have been chiefly inhabited by rude tribes, and these seldom thoroughly subjected to the princes of the Shan race.

It is much to be regretted, that the compiler did not lay down any of the rivers by which this territory is watered. They are, I understand, numerous. He also represents as a mere ridge the hills bordering the kingdom of Ava on the west, concerning which I have already given my opinion, (Phil. Journ. vol. iv. p. 85).

The Shan men, it is said, never work, and it would be considered as a thing very shameful to a woman for her husband to be seen at labour. The men continue all day in the house sleeping and smoking, while the women toil in the fields. These poor creatures shave their heads, which, with their hard labour, must in a great measure destroy their personal attractions, and thus reduce them to mere drudges. The cultivators do not live in villages, as is usual in India and Ava, but in scattered habitations. Their chiefs or zabuas have large cities, from whence they take their titles, and are hereditary; nor are they usually removed from their office, except when a complaint is made by their subjects to the King. Should the complaint be judged well founded, the next heir succeeds. In cases of mental imbecility, or minority, the King appoints a temporary regent. They pay a fixed tribute, and at the Court of Ava take precedence of the Wungris or principal ministers, although they have no authority except in their own territories.

I did not learn the proper names of the Koshanpri or Nine Provinces of Shan, which are usually mentioned in the King's titles, and which, I understood, alluded entirely to the territory of the Shanwas, although, when we were at Ava, I had reason to think, from other authority, that this territory had been sub