ment. For the proper division of the work of the bureau, it may be divided into divisions and sections.

All chiefs of bureaus and heads of offices of the Insular Government render annual reports early in January or as soon as practicable thereafter to their respective heads of departments. These reports may, upon the decision of the department heads, be printed. The reports generally contain statements of the work and expenditures of the bureau or office during the fiscal year, and recommendations as to the future, including plans of specific work to be undertaken.

I. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

169. Functions of the Department of the Interior. The functions of the Department of the Interior may be classified in two parts: Those which pertain mostly to coöperation with the other departments of the Government in the carrying out of governmental activities and policies, and those which pertain to its exclusive jurisdiction.

Having supervision over all the provincial and local governments throughout the Archipelago, the Department of the Interior is naturally the one called upon to coöperate with the other departments and to be the instrumentality by which the policies and measures entrusted to other departments may be effectively carried out in all the provinces, cities, municipalities, and municipal districts of the Philippines. The result is that the Department of the Interior is obliged to intervene in many important governmental measures. It has taken an active part in the food campaign, in securing men for the National Guard, in the selling of Liberty Bonds, as well as in other activities.

The most important duty of the Department is the supervision of the local governments and the keeping of order in

them. This is why the Executive Bureau, the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, the cities of Manila and Baguio, and the Philippine Constabulary are under this Department. Other bureaus and offices under the Department are the Boards of Pharmaceutical, Dental, and Medical Examiners, the Board of Examiners for Nurses, and the office of the Commissioner of Public Welfare.

Most of the work of the Department is done through the chiefs of bureaus and offices under its control. There are, however, provisions in the Administrative Code which require definite action by the Department. Thus, requests for authority to exceed the limit prescribed by law for salaries of municipal officials and employees, provincial loans to municipalities, boundary disputes, and the reimbursements of salaries of suspended officials are subject to the direct action of the Secretary of the Interior.

170. The Executive Bureau. On March 1, 1921, there were 37 regular provinces, 889 municipalities, and 298 municipal districts. The Executive Bureau exercises supervision over the provinces, municipalities, municipal districts, and other political subdivisions which are not under the supervision of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes.

In supervising the provincial and municipal governments, the Executive Bureau acts in the nature of an administrative court, which decides cases brought against provincial and municipal officials. In 1919, for instance, there were administrative proceedings against one provincial governor and three provincial treasurers. One of the latter, having been found guilty, was removed from office. There were in the same year, fifty-nine administrative cases filed against municipal officials, of whom twenty-nine were found guilty.

The Executive Bureau, with the coöperation of the Department of Finance, supervises the loans made to the prov

inces and municipalities for permanent improvement projects. The Executive Bureau also regulates the work of election officers and issues instructions to them as to the holding of elections. It gives advice as to the proper interpretation of the Election Law, and receives complaints of election irregularities.

The Secretary of the Interior, through the Executive Bureau, undertakes and suggests measures to the different provincial and municipal governments in the form of proposed ordinances, and requests a strict performance by local officials of their duties as required by law. The department head may, for instance, through the Executive Bureau, call the attention of the proper officials to violations of gambling laws. During the rice crisis in 1919, officials under the Executive Bureau, like provincial governors and treasurers, were made agents of the Secretary of Commerce and Communications for the carrying out of the rules and regulations regarding the seizure of rice. In the food production campaign, the Executive Bureau was the vehicle through which the provincial and municipal governments were furnished the facts concerning the rice shortage and were urged to stimulate greater production. The Executive Bureau is therefore not only a supervisory organ, but it is also the instrument by means of which the Central Government reaches the regular provinces and municipalities for the carrying out of urgent movements of national importance.

The Executive Bureau distributes funds to provinces for the relief of sufferers from earthquakes, fires, floods, typhoons, and other public calamities. In the years 1918 and 1919 nearly 300,000 were used for these purposes.

The Executive Bureau handles the accounting and bookkeeping of certain offices under the Department of the Interior, such as the Boards of Medical and Dental Examiners,

and the Sugar Central Board, and the Conventions of Physicians and Pharmacists. It maintains a translating division for the use of all departments of the Government. It is the depository of the records and documents of other departments. 171. The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes had its origin in Section 22 of the Jones Law. It is entrusted with the supervision of the parts of the Philippines inhabited by non-Christian peoples, which are the Mountain Province, the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, and the provinces in what was before the Department of Mindanao and Sulu.

The bureau is in charge of a director. The director is authorized to expend public funds set aside for the purpose by the Philippine Legislature and to appoint and remove certain officers and employees. He supervises the provincial and municipal governments and municipal districts; looks after the execution of the laws; and remits the collection of the land tax in whole or in part. He prescribes rules and régulations, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, conducive to the public interest and general welfare of the provinces. In case of disturbances, he may invite the Governor-General to request the assistance of the Federal troops, and in great emergencies he may call directly upon the nearest commanding officer of the United States military forces.

172. The Philippine Constabulary. -The Philippine Constabulary is a general police force under military discipline. The Constabulary forces were established for the purpose of keeping order. They help the municipalities and cities in quelling disturbances and in capturing criminals.

The Philippine Constabulary has various other important duties to perform. Thus, it superintends the issuing of licenses for the possession and use of firearms. At election

time, it guards the precincts and ballot boxes. During a rice crisis, the Constabulary is called upon to assist in the seizing of stocks of rice and other grain and in distributing these cereals to the different communities. Constabulary soldiers also serve the other bureaus of the Government as quarantine guards, prison guards, and provincial treasurers'

divided into a number of constabulary districts practically coextensive with the provinces. There is a Cadet Academy at Baguio where prospective constabulary officers are trained.

173. The Philippine General Hospital. The Philippine General Hospital, in the City of Manila, provides for the treatment of emergency and other patients with non-contageous diseases, maintains a free medical service for the poor, and gives opportunity for training to medical students of the University of the Philippines. The hospital also gives