Binding Words: Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages

Abgar adonay amen amulet roll amuletic texts amulets based ancient Anglo-Saxon apotropaic Arma Christi body books of hours brief British Library broadside amulets Byzantine Cambridge Canterbury amulet chap Christian church clerics copied demons deus Devil devotional books divine names divine protection domini early example exemplars extant fifteenth century folded formulas French Gospel of John Greek healing Heavenly Letter Hebrew Holy ihesus images incantations inscribed Italian Jewish King Lacnunga late medieval Latin legend London magical efficacy manuscript medieval Middle Ages Middle English neck nomen nomine offered Oxford pagan papyrus parchment Paris Pater Noster Patrologia latina phylacteria Picatrix popular prayers Princeton University Library printed quod recite relics sacred saints sanctus scribe scripture seals signum spiritus sunt super talismans Tau cross tefillin Tetragrammaton textual amulets textual elements Thomas tion University Press users verbal charms vernacular Virgin wearing words worn writing written