In New York, the counties of Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Schuyler, Steuben, Tioga, and Tompkins; and

In North Carolina, the counties of Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Clay, Davie, Forsyth, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yadkin, and Yancey;

In Ohio, the counties of Adams, Athens, Belmont, Brown, Carroll, Clermont, Coshocton, Gallia, Guernsey, Harrison, Highland, Hocking, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Perry, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Tuscarawas, Vinton, and Washington;

In Pennsylvania, the counties of Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bedford, Blair, Bradford, Butler, Cambria, Cameron, Carbon, Centre, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Fayette, Forest, Fulton, Greene, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jefferson, Juniata, Lackawanna, Lawrence, Luzerne, Lycoming, McKean, Mercer, Mifflin, Monroe, Montour, Northumberland, Perry, Pike, Potter, Schuylkill, Snyder, Somerset, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga, Union, Venango, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Westmoreland, and Wyoming;

In South Carolina, the counties of Anderson, Cherokee, Greenville, Oconee, Pickens, and Spartanburg;

In Tennessee, the counties of Anderson, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Campbell, Cannon, Carter, Claiborne, Clay, Cocke, Coffee, Cumberland, De Kalb, Fentress, Franklin, Grainger, Greene, Grundy, Hamblen, Hamilton, Hancock, Hawkins, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, Macon, Marion, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, Polk, Putnam, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Sevier, Smith, Sullivan, Unicoi, Union, Van Buren, Warren, Washington, and White;

In Virginia, the counties of Alleghany, Bath, Bland, Botetourt, Buchanan, Carroll, Craig, Dickenson, Floyd, Giles, Grayson, Highland, Lee, Pulaski, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise, and Wythe;

All the counties of West Virginia.

No recommendation for any change in the definition of the Appalachian region as set forth in this section shall be proposed or considered by the Commission without a prior resolution by the Committee on Public Works of the Senate or of the House of Representatives, directing a study of such change.

(40 U.S.C. App. 403) Enacted Mar. 9, 1965, P.L. 89-4, sec. 403, 79 Stat. 21; amended Oct. 11, 1967, P.L. 90-103, sec. 123, 81 Stat. 266.

SEVERABILITY

SEC. 404. If any provision of this Act, or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

(40 U.S.C. App. 404) Enacted Mar. 9, 1965, P.L. 89-4, sec. 404, 79 Stat. 23.

1

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1964 AS AMENDED 1 AN ACT To mobilize the human and financial resources of the Nation to combat poverty in the United States.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Economic Opportunity Act of 1964."

FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF PURPOSE

SEC. 2. Although the economic well-being and prosperity of the United States have progressed to a level surpassing any achieved in world history, and although these benefits are widely shared throughout the Nation, poverty continues to be the lot of a substantial number of our people. The United States can achieve its full economic and social potential as a nation only if every individual has the opportunity to contribute to the full extent of his capabilities and to participate in the workings of our society. It is therefore, the policy of the United States to eliminate the paradox of poverty in the midst of plenty in this Nation by opening to everyone the opportunity for education and training, the opportunity to work, and the opportunity to live in decency and dignity. It is the purpose of this Act to strengthen, supplement, and coordinate efforts in furtherance of that policy.

It is the sense of the Congress that it is highly desirable to employ the resources of the private sector of the economy of the United States in all such efforts to further the policy of this Act.

TITLE I—WORK TRAINING AND WORK-STUDY

PROGRAMS

PART A-JOB CORPS

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

SEC. 101. This part establishes a Job Corps for low-income, disadvantaged young men and women, sets forth standards and procedures for selecting individuals as enrollees in the Job Corps, authorizes the establishment of residential and/or nonresidential centers in which enrollees will participate in intensive programs of education, vocational training, work experience, counseling, and other activities, and prescribes various other powers, duties, and responsibilities incident to the operation and continuing development of the Job Corps. Its purpose is to assist young persons who need and can benefit from an unusually intensive program, operated in a group setting, to become more responsible, employable, and productive citizens; and to do so in a way that contributes, where feasible, to the development of National, State, and community resources, and to the development and dissemination of techniques for working with the disadvantaged that can be widely utilized by public and private institutions and agencies.

1 Amendments included through December 30, 1969.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE JOB CORPS

SEC. 102. There is herby established within the Office of Economic Opportunity a "Job Corps".

INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE FOR THE JOB CORPS

SEC. 103. To become an enrollee in the Job Corps, a young man or woman must be a person who

(1) is a permanent resident of the United States who has attained age fourteen but not attained age twenty-two at the time of enrollment;

(2) is a low-income individual or member of a low-income family who requires additional education, training, or intensive counseling and related assistance in order to secure and hold meaningful employment, participate successfully in regular schoolwork, qualify for other training programs suitable to his needs, or satisfy Armed Forces requirements;

(3) is currently living in an environment so characterized by cultural deprivation, a disruptive homelife, or other disorienting conditions as to substantially impair his prospects for successful participation in any other program providing needed training, education, or assistance;

(4) is determined, after careful screening as provided for in sections 104 and 105, to have the present capabilities and aspirations needed to complete and secure the full benefit of the program authorized in this part, and to be free of medical and behavioral problems so serious that he could not or would not be able to adjust to the standards of conduct and discipline or pattern of work and training which that program involves; and

(5) meets such other standards for enrollment as the Director may prescribe (including special standards for the enrollment on a residential basis of 14 and 15 year olds) and agrees to comply with all applicable Job Corps rules and regulations.

SCREENING AND SELECTION OF APPLICANTS GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 104. (a) The Director shall prescribe necessary rules for the screening and selection of applicants for enrollment in the Job Corps. To the extent practicable, these rules shall be implemented through arrangements which make use of agencies and organizations such as community action agencies, public employment offices, professional groups, and labor organizations. The rules shall establish specific. standards and procedures for conducting screening and selection activities; shall encourage recruitment through agencies and individuals having contract with youths over substantial periods of time and able, accordingly, to offer reliable information as to their needs and problems; and shall provide for necessary consultation with other individuals and organizations, including court, probation, parole, law enforcement, education, welfare, and medical authorities and advisers. They shall also provide for

(1) the interviewing of each applicant for the purpose of—

(A) determining whether his educational and vocational needs can best be met through the Job Corps or any alternative program in his home community;

(B) obtaining from the applicant pertinent data relating to his background, needs, and interests for evaluation in determining his eligibility and potential assignment; and

(C) giving the applicant a full understanding of the Job Corps program and making clear what will be treated of him as an enrollee in the event of his acceptance.

(2) the couduct of a careful and systematic inquiry concerning the applicant's background for the effective development and, as appropriate, clarification of information concerning his age, citizenship, school and draft status, health, employability, past behavior, family income, environment, and other matters related to a determination of his eligibility.

(b) The Director shall make no payments to any individual or organization solely as compensation for the service of refering the names of candidates for enrollment in the Job Corps.

(c) The Director shall take all necessary steps to assure that the enrollment of the Job Corps includes an appropriate number of candidates selected from rural areas, taking into account the proportion of eligible youth who reside in rural areas and the need to provide residential facilities for such youth in order to meet problems of wide geographic dispersion.

SCREENING AND SELECTION-SPECIAL LIMITATIONS

SEC. 105. (a) No individual shall be selected as an enrolle unless it is determined that there is reasonable expectation that he can participate successfully in group situations and activities with other enrollees, that he is not likely to engage in actions or behavior that would prevent other enrollees from receiving the benefit of the program or be incompatible with the maintentenance of sound discipline and satisfactory relationships between any center to which he might be assigned and surrounding communities, and that he manifests a basic understanding of both the rules to which he will be subject and of the consequences of failure to observe those rules. Before selecting an individual who has a history of serious and violent behavior against persons or property, repetitive delinquent acts, narcotics addiction, or other major behavioral aberrations, the Director shall obtain a finding from a professional qualified person who knows such potential enrollee's individual situation that there is reasonable expectation that his conduct will not be inimical to the goals and success of the Job Corps and that the opportunity provided by the Job Corps will help him to overcome his problem.

(b) An individual who otherwise qualifies for enrollment may be selected even though he is on probation or parole, but only if his release from the immediate supervision of the cognizant probation or parole officials is mutually satisfactory to those officials and the Director and does not violate applicable laws or regulations, and if the Director has arranged to provide all supervision of the individual and all reports to State or other authorities that may be necessary to comply with applicable probation or parole requirements.

ENROLLMENT AND ASSIGNMENT

SEC. 106. (a) No individual may be enrolled in the Job Corps for more than two years, except as the Director may authorize in special cases.

(b) Enrollment in the Job Corps shall not relieve any individual of obligations under the Universal Military Training and Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.).

(c) Each enrollee (other than a native and citizens of Cuba described in section 609 (3) of this Act of a permanent resident of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) must take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the following form: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America and will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all its enemies foreign and domestic." The provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code, shall be applicable to this oath or affirmation.

(d) After the Director has determined whether an enrolle is to be assigned to a men's training center, a conservation center, or a women's training center, the center to which he shall be assigned shall be that center of the appropriate type in which a vacancy exists which is closest to the enrollee's home, except that the Director, on an individual basis, may waive this requirement when overriding considerations justify such action. Assignments to centers in areas more remote from the enrollee's home shall be carefully limited to situations in which such action is necessary in order to insure an equitable opportunity for disadvantaged youth from various sections of the country to participate in the program, to prevent undue delays in the assignment of individual enrollees, to provide an assignment which adequately meets the educational or other needs of the enrolee or is necessary for efficiency and economy in the operation of the program.

(e) Assignments of male enrollees shall be made so that, at any one time, at least 40 per centum of those enrollees are assigned to conservation centers as described in section 107, or to other centers or projects. where their work activity is primarily directed to the conservation, development, or management of public natural resources or recreational areas and is performed under the direction of personnel of agencies regularly responsible for those functions.

JOB CORPS CENTERS

SEC. 107. (a) The Director may make agreements with Federal, State, or local agencies, or private organizations for the establishment and operation of Job Corps centers. These centers may be residential and/or nonresidential in character and shall be designed and operated so as to provide enrollees, in a well-supervised setting, with education, Vocational training, work experience (either in direct program activities or through arrangements with employers), counseling, and other services appropriate to their needs. The centers shall include conservation centers, to be known as Civilian Conservation Centers, to be located primarily in rural areas and to provide, in addition to other training and assistance, programs of work experience focused upon activities to conserve, develop, or manage public natural resources