on the same footing, and to be treated in every respect in the same manner as the Swedish troops, which constitute a part of the said army, his Britannic Majesty engaging himself to pay to his Danish Majesty, for the maintenance of the said troops, a certain sum, to be provided for every month in this present year, in the proportion of £400,000 sterling a-year, from the day on which they are placed under the command of the Swedish Crown Prince. This corps shall be always kept up to its full complement, which may be ascertained by a commissary named for that purpose on the part of his Britannic Majesty.

It is however understood by the high contracting parties, that these payments are to cease from the time his Britannic Majesty shall declare such troops not to be required for the good of the common cause, or by the conclusion of a general peace. A proper time shall be allowed, concerning which an amicable arrangement shall be made, for the troops to return to his Danish Majesty's dominions.

Article VII. The commercial relations between the subjects of the high contracting parties shall again return to the usual order, as existing before the present war began. They moreover reciprocally agree to adopt measures, as soon as possible, for giving the same greater force and extent.

Article VIII. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the British nation, being extremely desirous of totally abolishing the Slave Trade, the King of Denmark engages to co-operate with his said Majesty for the completion of so beneficent a work, and to prohibit all his subjects, in the most effectual manner, and by the most solemn laws, from taking any share in such trade.

Article IX. The two high contracting parties oblige themselves reciprocally not to conclude any Peace or Truce with France, but by mutual consent.

Article X. Whereas his Danish Majesty, in virtue of the Treaty of Peace this day concluded with the King of Sweden, has ceded Norway to his said Majesty for a certain provided indemnity, his Britannic Majesty, who thus has seen his engagements contracted with Sweden in this respect fulfilled, promises, in concert with the King of Sweden, to employ his good offices with the allied powers, at the general Peace, to obtain for Denmark a proper indemnity for the cession of Norway.

Article XI. The sequestrations which have been laid, by either of the contracting parties, on property not already confiscated or condemned, shall be raised immediately after the ratification of this Treaty.

Article XII. His Majesty the King of Sweden having engaged, by the 6th Article of the Treaty of alliance with his Britannic Ma jesty, concluded at Stockholm the 3d of March 1813, to grant, for a period of twenty years, to be computed from the exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty, to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, the privileges of depôt in the port of Stralsund, of all articles being the growth or manufacture of Great Britain, or of her colonies, on paying a duty of one per cent. ad valorem on such articles and merchandize on import and export; his Majesty the King of Denmark promises to fulfil, in his new character of Sovereign of Swedish Pomerania, the said stipulation, by substituting Danish for Swedish bottoms.

Article XIII. All the ancient Treaties of peace and commerce between the former Sovereigns of England and Denmark are hereby renewed in their full extent, so far as they are not contradictory to the stipulations of the present Treaty.

Article XIV. This treaty of peace shall be ratified by the two high contracting parties; the ratifications to be exchanged at Kiel within one month, or sooner if practicable.

In witness whereof, we the undersigned, by virtue of our full powers, have signed the present Treaty of peace, and thereto affixed the seal of our arms.

Done at Kiel, the 14th January 1814.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

EDWARD THORNTON.
EDMUND BOURKE.

XI. DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE AND AMITY BETWEEN HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY, AND HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY, SIGNED AT PARIS THE 30TH DAY OF MAY 1814.

In the Name of the most Holy and undivided Trinity. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and his allies on the one part, and his Majesty the King of France and of Navarre on the other part, animated by an equal desire to terminate the long agitations of Europe, and the sufferings of mankind, by a permanent peace, founded upon a just repartition of force between its states, and containing in its stipula tions the pledge of its durability; and his Britannic Majesty, together with his allies, being unwilling to require of France, now that, replaced under the paternal government of her Kings, she offers the assurance of security and stability to Europe, the conditions and guarantees which they had with regret demanded from her former government, their said Majesties have named Plenipotentiaries to discuss, settle, and sign, a Treaty of peace and amity.

Article I. There shall be from this day forward perpetual peace and friendship between his Britannic Majesty and his allies on the one part, and his Majesty the King of France and Navarre on the other, their heirs and successors, their dominions and subjects respectively. The high contracting parties shall devote their best at tention to maintain not only between themselves, but in as much as depends upon them, between all the states of Europe, that har mony and good understanding which are so necessary to their tranquillity.

Article II. The Kingdom of France retains its limits entire, as they existed on the 1st of January 1792. It shall further receive the increase of territory comprised within the line established by the following article:

Article III. On the side of Belgium, Germany, and Italy, the ancient frontiers shall be re-established as they existed the Ist January 1792, extending from the North Sea, between Dunkirk and Nieuport, to the Mediterranean, between Cagnes and Nice, with the following modifications:

1. In the department of Jemappes, the Cantons of Dour, Merbesle-Chateau, Beaumont, and Chimay, shall belong to France; where the line of demarcation comes in contact with the Canton of

Dour,

Dour, it shall pass between that Canton and those of Boussu and Paturage, and likewise further on it shall pass between the Canton of Merbes-le-Chateau and those of Bink and Thuin.

2. In the department of Sambre and Meuse, the Cantons of Walcourt, Florennes, Beauraing, and Gedinne, shall belong to France; where the demarcation reaches that department, it shall follow the line which separates the said Cantons from the department of Jemappes, and from the remaining Cantons of the department of Sambre and Meuse.

3. In the department of the Moselle, the new demarcation, at the point where it diverges from the old line of frontier, shall be formed by a line to be drawn from Perle to Fremersdorff, and by the limit which separates the Canton of Tholey from the remaining Cantons of the said department of the Moselle.

4. In the department of La Sarre, the Cantons of Saarbruck and Arneval shall continue to belong to France, as likewise the portion of the Canton of Lebach which is situated to the south of a line drawn along the confines of the villages of Herchenbach, Ueberhofen, Hilsbach, and Hall (leaving these different places out of the French frontier), to the point where, in the neighbourhood of Querselle (which place belongs to France), the line which separates the Cantons of Arneval and Lebach. The frontier on this side shall be formed by the line above described, and afterwards by that which separates the Canton of Arneval from that of Bliescastel.

5. The fortress of Landau having before the year 1792 formed an insulated point in Germany, France retains beyond her frontiers a portion of the departments of Mount Tonnerre and of the Lower Rhine, for the purpose of uniting the said fortress and its radius to the rest of the kingdom.

The new demarcation, from the point in the neighbourhood of Obersteinbach (which place is left out of the limits of France), where the boundary between the department of the Moselle and that of Mount Tonnerre reaches the department of the Lower Rhine, shall follow the line which separates the Cantons of Weissenbourg and Bergzabern (on the side of France), from the Cantons of Permasens Dahn, and Annweiler (on the side of Germany), as far as the point near the village of Vollmersheim where that line touches the ancient radius of the fortress of Landau. From this radius, which remains as it was in 1792, the new frontier shall follow the arm of the river De La Queich, which, leaving the said radius at Queichheim (that place remaining to France), flows near the villages of Merlenheim, Knittelsheim, and Belheim (these places also belonging to France), to the Rhine, which from thence shall continue to form the boundary of France and Germany.

The main stream (Thalweg) of the Rhine shall constitute the frontier; provided, however, that the changes which may hereafter take place in the course of that river shall not affect the property of the islands. The right of possession in these islands shall be reestablished as it existed at the signature of the Treaty of Luneville. 6. In the department of the Doubs, the frontier shall be so regulated as to commence above the Ranconniere, near Locle, and follow the Crest of Jura, between the Cerneux, Pequignot, and the village of Fontenelles, as far as the peak of that mountain situatedabout seven or eight thousand feet to the north-west of the village of La Brevine, where it shall again fall in with the ancient boundary of France.

7. In the department of the Leman, the frontiers between the French territory, the Pays de Vaud, and the different portions of the territory of the Republic of Geneva, which is to form part of Swisserland, remain as they were before the incorporation of Geneva with France: but the Cantons of Frangy and of St. Julien (with the districts situated to the north of a line drawn from the point where the river of La Lavie enters the territory of Geneva, near Chancy, following the confines of Sesequin, Laconex, and Seseneuve, which shall remain out of the limits of France), the Canton of Reignier, with the exception of the portion to the east of a line which follows the confines of the Muraz Bussy, Pers, and Cornier, which shall be out of the French limits, and the Canton of La Roche (with the exception of the places called La Roche, and Armanoy, with their districts), shall remain to France. The frontier shall follow the limits of these different Cantons, and the line which separates the districts continuing to belong to France from those which she does not retain.

8. In the department of Mont Blanc, France acquires the subprefecture of Chambery, with the exception of the Cantons L'Hopital, St. Pierre d'Albigny, La Rocelle, and Mont Melian, and the sub-prefecture of Annecy, with the exception of the portion of the Canton of Faverges, situated to the east of a line passing between Ourchaise and Marlens, on the side of France, and Marthod and Ugine on the opposite side, and which afterwards follows the crest of the mountains as far as the frontier of the Canton of Thones; this line, together with the limit of the Cantons before mentioned, shall on this side form the new frontier.

On the side of the Pyrenees, the frontiers between the two kingdoms of France and Spain remain such as they were the 1st January 1792, and a joint commission shall be named on the part of the two Crowns, for the purpose of finally determining the line.

France, on her part, renounces all rights of sovereignty, suzeraineté, and of possession, over all the countries, districts, towns, and places, situated beyond the frontier above described, the principality of Monaco being replaced on the same footing on which it stood before the 1st January 1792.

The allied powers assure to France the possession of the principality of Avignon, of the Comtat Venaissen, of the Comte of Montbelliard, together with the several insulated territories which formerly belonged to Germany, comprehended within the frontier above described, whether they have been incorporated with France before or after the 1st January 1792. The powers reserve to themselves reciprocally to fortify any point in their respective states which they may judge necessary for their security.

To prevent all injury to private property, and protect, according to the most liberal principles, the property of individuals domici liated on the frontiers, there shall be named, by each of the states bordering on France, commissioners, who shall proceed, conjointly with French commissioners, to the delineation of the respective boundaries.

As soon as the commissioners shall have performed their task, maps shall be drawn, signed by the respective commissioners, and posts shall be placed to point out the reciprocal boundaries.

Article IV. To secure the communications of the town of Geneva with other parts of the Swiss territory situated on the lake, France consents that the road to Versoy shall be common to the

two

two countries. The respective governments shall amicably arrangé the means for preventing smuggling, regulating the posts, and maintaining the said road.

Article V. The navigation of the Rhine, from the point where it becomes navigable unto the sea, and vice versa, shall be free, so that it can be interdicted to no one: and at the future congress, attention shall be paid to the establishment of the principles according to which the duties to be raised by the states bordering on the Rhine may be regulated, in the mode the most impartial, and the most favourable to the commerce of all nations.

The future congress, with a view to facilitate the communication between nations, and continually to render them less strangers to each other, shall likewise examine and determine in what manner the above provision can be extended to other rivers, which, in their navigable course, separate or traverse different states.

Article VI. Holland, placed under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, shall receive an increase of territory. The title and exercise of that sovereignty shall not in any case belong to a prince wearing, or destined to wear, a foreign crown.

The states of Germany shall be independent, and united by a federative bond.

Switzerland, independent, shall continue to govern herself.

Italy, beyond the limits of the countries which are to revert to Austria, shall be composed of sovereign states.

Article VII. The Island of Malta and its dependencies shall belong in full right and sovereignty to his Britannic Majesty.

Article VIII. His Britannic Majesty, stipulating for himself and his allies, engages to restore to his most Christian Majesty, within the term which shall be hereafter fixed, the colonies, fisheries, factories, and establishments of every kind, which were possessed by France on the 1st January 1792, in the seas, and on the Continents of America, Africa, and Asia, with the exception, however, of the islands of Tobago and St. Lucia, and of the Isle of France and its dependencies, especially Rodrigues and Les Sechelles, which several colonies and possessions his most Christian Majesty cedes, in full right and sovereignty, to his Britannic Majesty, and also the portion of St. Domingo ceded to France by the Treaty of Basle, and which his most Christian Majesty restores in full right and sovereignty to his Catholic Majesty.

Article IX. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, in virtue of the arrangements stipulated with the allies, and in execution of the preceding Article, consents that the Island of Guadaloupe be restored to his most Christian Majesty, and gives up all the rights he may have acquired over that island.

Article X. Her most faithful Majesty, in virtue of the arrangements stipulated with her allies, and in execution of the 8th Article, engages to restore French Guyana, as it existed on the 1st of January 1792, to his most Christian Majesty, within the term. hereafter fixed.

The renewal of the dispute which existed at that period on the subject of the frontier, being the effect of this stipulation, it is agreed that that dispute shall be terminated by a friendly arrangement between the two courts, under the mediation of his Britannic Majesty.

Article XI. The places and forts in those colonies and settlements, which by virtue of the 8th, 9th, and 10th Articles, are to

be