has a series of narrow dusky bands indistinct on the outermost feathers, and successively more developed to the central; above, these bands are also seen, but obscurely: the ear-coverts are white towards the eye, and elsewhere rufous, each feather having a medial streak of black. "Irides dark; beak leaden-blue, its cere and base wax-yellow; toes yellow, and talons black,” the latter large and powerful. The plumage of this fine specimen had been newly renovated, and a few of the old feathers remaining on the wings and among the upper tail-coverts are of a moderately dark brown colour, contrasting with the much darker or blackish hue of what is evidently the livery of maturity.

Circatus (Hæmatornis, Vigors,) undulatus, Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, 170, and figured in Gould's 'Century,' part I: male and female.

Circus melanoleucos: marked female, in dress precisely resembling that of the male. This species is not rare near Calcutta.

C. Swainsonii, A. Smith, S. Afr. Journ. 1831; C. pallidus, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, 80: female.

Otus brachyotus.

Ninox lugubris; Strix lugubris, Tickell, J. A. S., II. 572; Ninox Nipalensis, Hodgson, Madras Jl., No. XIV. p. 23.

Athene Indicus; Noctua Indica, Franklin, P. Z. S., 1831; 115; Strix Brama, Temminck.

*Ath. undulatus; Strix undulata, Tickell, J. A. S., II. 572. Ath. erythropterus, Gould, P. Z. S., 1837, 136; Noctua perlineata, Hodgson: male and female.

Strix flammea.

•Buceros Malabaricus: two fine specimens.

B. gingianus. two adults and a young specimen.

Coracias Indica: two specimens.

Merops viridis, v. Indicus.

• "Bucco viridis, Gmelin; B. Zeilonicus, Latham, Brown, Ill. Zool. pl. XV.; Kettorea, Vieillot; B. Lathami, Vieillot, Encl. Method.; B. caniceps, Franklin, P. Z. S., 1831, 121." Jerdon, Madras Л. XI. 217.

B. Indicus: two specimens.

Picus (Brachylophus) Bengalensis: male and female.

P. (Dendrocopus) Mahrattensis: male.

nanus, Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, 172: male.

(Meiglyptes) badius: female.

Centropus pyrrhopterus: female.

* C. lepidus, Horsfield, Lin. Trans. XIII. 180†. Length fourteen inches, of wing six inches and one-eighth, and middle tail feathers seven inches and three-quarters, exceeding the outermost by three inches and seven-eighths; bill to forehead one inch, and to gape one inch and a quarter; tarse one inch and three-quarters; long hind claw an inch one-eighth. General colour dark chestnut-brown above, pale fulvescent underneath, passing into white on the throat and belly; wings principally bright chestnut-rufous, and tail black, more or less rayed across with rufous. The plumage

+ I have recognized this species from Dr. McClelland's drawing of an Assamese specimen transmitted to the India House, and referred by Dr. Horsfield to this species; the description above referred to being insufficient for the purpose.

of the upper-parts, to the inter-scapularies and scapularies inclusive, and of the lower parts to the breast inclusive, is of the usual character in this genus, having rigid and pointed shafts, which are yellowish-white, contrasting on the upper parts with a dusky border; while the feathers on the hind-part of the back, rump, and on the belly, are short and downy: scapularies indistinctly barred with dusky, as also the feathers on the sides of the neck and breast, the bars on these being contracted into spots: sides, tibial plumes, and under tail-coverts, fulvescent-white, and more distinctly barred with black. The specimen described is a young male, which had nearly assumed the adult plumage, but has a few feathers of the juvenescent garb remaining; the adult primaries and secondaries are thus shown to be uniform chestnut-rufous, while the immature are barred with black; and the adult tertiaries only differ from the primaries in being tinged with dusky: tail black, with a slight green shine, and tipped with whitish, the uropygials and upper coverts barred with rufous: rump dusky, tipped with rufescent and whitish, and belly pure white. "Irides carmine. Bill light horn and legs dark leaden-blue."

Macropteryx longipennis, Swainson; Hirundo klecho, Tem.: male.
Crypsirina vagabunda.

Pastor tristis.

P. cinereus, Jerdon : two specimens.

*Edolius cærulescens.

Lanius Hardwickii.

Graucalus Papuensis; G. Nipalensis, Hodgson, Indian Review,' I. 327 : male and female.

Pericrocotus (Phænicornis, Sw.) princeps: a male and two females.

Muscicapa melanops, Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, 171, and figured in Gould's Century, plate VI.

M. cœrulea, Vieillot; M. occipitalis, Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, 97 : female, being the M. cæruleocephala, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, 85.

6

*M. picata, Sykes, P. Z. S.. 1832, 85: two males. This species is erroneously identified by Mr. Jerdon with the M. hirundinacea, Reinwardt, v. M. obscura, Horsfield, Lin. Trans. XIII. 146, and figured by him in the Zoological Researches in Java'; but the latter is at once distinguished from it by having no white on the wings, nor on the sides of the neck; neither are any of its tail-feathers white-tipped. The African M. picata of Swainson was subsequently so named, and must consequently receive another appellation.

* M. Poonensis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, 85.

* Muscicapa (?) superciliaris, Jerdon, Madras Journal No. XXVI. 16; Dimorpha albogularis, Nobis, ante, p. 190.

*Hirundo filifera, Stephens; H. filicaudata, Franklin, P. Z. S., 1831, 115; Wire-tailed Swallow of Latham.

Ixos jocosus: male and female.

- pusillus; Hæmatornis (Sw.) pusillus, Nobis, Report for last September, J, A. S., X. 841: male and female.

Chloropsis aurifrons, Jardine and Selby; Chl. casmarhynchos, Tickell, J. A. S. II. 577: two specimens marked female, and not differing in plumage from the adult male, further than that there is less yellow surrounding the black of the fore-neck. This handsome species is no despicable songster, and lives and sings well in confinement.

lora typhia; I. scapularis, Horsfield; Motacilla subviridis, Tickell, J. A. S. II. 577.

*Parus xanthogenys, Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, 92, and figured in Gould's 'Century,' pl. XXIX, fig. 1.

*P. Nipalensis? Hodgson, Ind. Rev. II. 31 (P. cœsius, Tickell): two males. This bird agrees minutely with Mr. Hodgson's full description, excepting in being a trifle smaller. Length about five inches, of wing two inches and a half, and tail two inches and a quarter; bill to forehead (through the feathers) seven-sixteenths of an inch, and to gape half an inch; tarse five-eighths of an inch. *Dendrophila frontalis, Swainson.

*Sitta castaneoventris, Franklin, P. Z. S., 1831, 121, and figured in Jardine and Selby's Illustrations of Ornithology,' pl. CXLV, the beak being represented much too short male and female; the latter having the under-parts very much paler rufous than in the male. Although I entertain no doubt that this is the species indicated by Major Franklin, still our Museum contains a specimen of another species to which the Latin definition furnished by that gentleman equally applies. This latter is altogether a stouter bird, with the bill especially much broader, and not-as in the other-distinctly and conspicuously compressed for the basal two-thirds: length of wing three inches and one-eighth, and of tail an inch and three-quarters; whereas in the male and female castaneoventris, these measurements are respectively three inches and two inches seven-eighths, and an inch and a half. The generic markings and coloration are so similar, that really I do not see how the dry specimens can be further characterized apart; yet a glance suffices to shew their non-identity as species, and the one now indicated is considerably more allied to the British Nuthatch than is the other, which last displays a close affinity with Dendrophila, not observable in that with which I am comparing it. With respect to colour, the hues of castaneoventris are altogether softer and more delicate, and in both sexes the grey of the upper part of the head and neck is conspicuously paler than that of the back; whereas in the other, although the head and nape are seen, on particular inspection, to be somewhat lighter than the back, this would scarcely be noticed, unless attention were expressly directed to the observation. In castaneoventris, the upper tertiaries are uniformly bluish-grey, and in the rest there is no strongly marked distinction between the dusky of the inner web, and the grey external margin; but in the other species, the external blue grey contrasts abruptly with the black of the internal portion of the feather, which last, too, extends over a considerable part of the outer web, as is not the case in castaneoventris: this distinction may perhaps vary somewhat in amount of development in different specimens, but I suspect will always be found to prevail more or less decidedly. In the male S. castaneoventris, the colour of the whole under-parts, from the white throat to the mottled under tail-coverts, is of a deep dark ferruginous; while in the female it is not very much darker than in a British Nuthatch, having the fore-neck and breast a sort of dull isabelline hue tinged with ferruginous, and the belly and flanks darker and more deeply tinged with the latter. In the new species (sex unknown), the fore-neck, breast, and lower parts are uniformly coloured, and much paler than in the male castaneoventris, but deeper than in the female, being of a dull rusty cinnamon tint, with the throat and beneath the eye white, as in the others. I shall venture to designate this bird S. cinnamoventris.

A species is figured and described by Messrs. Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., pl. CXLIV, as S. Himalayensis, which, if not the same, must be very closely allied to that described by Mr. Hodgson (in Journ. As. Soc. V. 779,) as S. Nipalensis; the latter naturalist also describes an S. corallina (loc. cit.), which would appear to border closely upon Dendrophila frontalis, and there is another Dendrophila adverted to by Mr. Swainson as D. flavipes, with which I am unacquainted. These are all the Indian species of the present group I as yet know of, and as many as three are now ascertained to inhabit Europe, besides several in North America.

Oriolus Hodsonii, v. Asiatic melanocephalus : a male in mature plumage, and one in second plumage, or that which succeeds to the nestling garb; this second dress representing the O. McCoshii, Tickell, J. A. S., II. 577, and being generally mistaken for the female livery of the species.

Turdus unicolor, Gould, P. Z. S., 1837, 136, but not T. unicolor, Tickell, J. A. S. II. 577; which latter having been first bestowed, it is necessary to rename the present species, which I therefore propose to designate T. modestus.

*T. (Oreocincla, Gould,) parvirostris, Gould, P. Z. S., 1837, 136: two males. Petrocincla Manillensis (?); Turdus Manillensis, Gmelin; le Merle Solitaire de Manille, Buffon, Hist. Nat., Ois., II. 363; P. Pandoo, Sykes, and the female P. Maal, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, 87-8. Accordingly, this species would extend to the Phillipines, Tenasserim, and Peninsular India; but I am not yet certain that the Indian bird has ever any rufous on the under-parts. A specimen from Luçonia, which I adjudge to be a young male once moulted, has the whole upper-parts, throat, and breast, cyaneous, tipped with dusky-brown on the crown, with greyish-across, which passes a blackish bar-on the interscapularies, and with whitish-having a similar black bar on the scapularies and small wing-coverts; throat, fore-part of the neck, and breast, also broadly tipped with fulvous-white, having a black subterminal cross-streak; belly, under tail-coverts, axillaries, and fore-part of the under-surface of the wings, deep ferruginous, the abdominal feathers broadly edged with whitish, having a narrow black subterminal band, and above this more or less cyaneous, espe cially on the flanks; wings and tail dusky-black, more or less edged with cyaneous and whitish in this state of plumage it is the Turdus Manillensis, Gmelin. A specimen from Tenasserim, minutely agreeing in all other respects, has the feathers of the upper-parts less bordered, the axillaries and under-surface of the wing have merely a few slight traces of the rufous colouring, which is replaced by cyaneous, the large under tail-coverts are partly of this latter hue, which is also considerably developed on the abdominal feathers, and almost wholly supercedes the rufous on the flanks. Another specimen from Tenasserim has but a very slight trace of rufous left towards the vent and bordering the under tail-coverts, being elsewhere wholly cyaneous, excepting the dusky black of the large wing and tail feathers, and the tips of some of the wing-coverts, which are whitish, Finally, the Chyebassa specimen is totally devoid of any rufous trace whatever, but has most of its clothing feathers slightly dusky-tipped, with minute pallid extreme tips, in which condition of plumage it accords with P. Pandoo, Sykes. A female, being the P. Maal, Sykes, before me, (locality unknown,) corresponds in plumage to the same sex of the Himalayan P. erythrogastra, but has

The Society has since received S. Nipalensis from Mr. Hodgson, and it is distinct.

the upper-parts of a dingy bluish grey-brown, the large wing and tail-feathers principally dusky, coverts more or less whitish-edged, and under-parts mottled with whitish, having a dusky black subterminal cross-band to each feather. In P. erythrogastra, the deep rufous tint of the under-parts of the male is permanent and constant, but in a very few, I have seen an additional slight rufous patch surrounded by the cyaneous of the fore-neck.

*Motacilla variegata, Latham, Gen. Hist. VI. 320; M. picata, Franklin, P. Z. S. 1831, 119: a male in summer and another in winter plumage.

Anthus arboreus.

Cinnyris Mahrattensis: adult and young.

C. Sola: male.

Zosterops Mader aspatanus: two males.

*Pyrgita flavicollis : female.

*Amadina punctata: young male.

*Estrelda formosa; Fringilla formosa, Latham, Ind. Orn. I. 441, 23, as quoted in Shaw's 'Zoology,' IX. 466: male.

Erythrospiza—? (rosea, apud Hodgson). A species very different from the E. rodopepla and E. rodochroa, figured by Gould, and which is commonly sold alive by the dealers in Calcutta. I have now several living specimens of it. Lieut. Tickell names it Pyrrhula roseata, but I doubt much if a prior name might not be found, although I have myself been unsuccessful in satisfactorily determining the species. Length five inches and three-quarters, of wing three inches and a quarter, and tail slightly forked, its outermost feathers two inches and a quarter; bill to forehead above threeeighths of an inch, and considerably bulged; tarse five-eighths: general colour, in winter aspect of plumage, deep ruddy on the upper parts, passing into duskyroseate on the forehead, rump, and upper tail-coverts; the nuchal feathers tinged with ashy, and the dorsal margined with dusky-olive; throat and breast roseate, paling below the belly, and lower tail-coverts rosy-white; wings and tail dusky, the feathers edged with ruddy-brown, a little albescent on the outer edge of the tips of the tertiaries; bill and feet horny. In summer aspect of plumage the feathers have lost their marginal edgings, the back appears greyish-brown, and the crown, throat, fore-neck, and rump, are brilliant crimson. The female is altogether olivebrown, paling below, and whitish on the belly; the wing-coverts and tertiaries are tipped with pale yellowish-brown, and the clothing feathers of the upper parts, excepting on the rump, with those of the fore-neck, breast, and flanks, are centred darker. Song a feeble twittering, but soft and pleasing, intermediate to that of the European Goldfinch and that of the small Redpole Linnet; the call-note much resembles that of a Canary-bird, which group indeed this species nearly approximates in its conformation.

Columba Javanica: an injured male.

C. (Alsocomus) puniceus, Tickell: six specimens. A splendid species of Dove, allied to the last, and also nearly related, it would seem, to the Javanese C. lacernulata of Temminck; but differing from that species, as described, by having duskyblack upper tail-coverts, in the bill not being "wholly black," but vinaceous-purple at base with a greenish-yellow tip, and presenting some other minor discrepancies. Length fifteen inches and upwards, of wing eight inches and three-quarters, and tail six