THE apparent termination of all future hostilities with the French nation enabled the English ministry to dispatch lord Exmouth with a fleet of five frigates, of which the principal objects were the protection of Naples, the possession of Gaeta, and the intimidation of Algiers. On his arrival before the latter city, in November 1815, the dey, alarmed and unprepared for any resistance to a force so powerful, readily complied with the proposals of lord Exmouth, and confirmed the former treaties; but according to a usual and disgraceful custom, demanded and received several valuable presents, which were afterwards returned by one of the most atrocious acts of treacherous inhumanity that has distinguished the annals of these infamous barbarians. The stipulations of the convention were unknown to the people of Algiers or Tunis; but rumours were dispersed by the emissaries of the dey, that several conditions had been obtained by lord Exmouth which would destroy their trade, and prevent their piracies. They therefore formed a desperate conspiracy which was secretly, sanctioned by the dey, and on the 23d of May, a few months later than the conclusion of the treaty, they commenced a brutal and sanguinary massacre, In the meantime, little suspecting the occurrence of an event so horrible, but provoked by the capture of some English vessels in defiance of the treaty, lord Exmouth returned from cruizing off the coast of Sicily to demand some additional securities, and severer terins. His lordship went on shore on the 24th of May, when the account of the massacre at Bona had not reached his ears, to prescribe to the dey (who had lately concluded a treaty of conciliation with the Neapolitans and Sardinians) the condition, that the Algerines should in future treat the sailors and passengers who might fall into their hands, not as

slaves, but as prisoners of war. The resentment of the divan, and of the Turkish militia, whom the dey consulted, rose to the highest pitch. Lord Exmouth and his suite found it an enterprise of much hazard to regain in safety the beach and their boats. The family of the English consul was forcibly driven from his country house, and subjected to cruelty and insult; and two of his inmates were brought into Algiers with their hands tied behind their backs.

The next day, while the batteries were replenished with artillery and men, the dey made a proposal to the admiral to let the whole affair be dormant for six months, in order to consult the Grand Seignior respecting a demand so directly contrary to the Algerine constitution. The overture was

rejected, and the English admiral threatened the most terrible attack should the government persevere in its refusal.

Both sides prepared for the combat, and the Turkish militia swore to bury themselves under the ruins rather than suffer their dey to be reduced to depart from the laudable customs of their ancestors. Lord Exmouth did not regard it as expedient to provoke this spirit to a higher frenzy of enthusiasm. His instructions were not so positive or precise as to authorise the full performance of his threats, though his force was considerable, and the Algerines were totally unprepared for a regular resistance. The arrogance of the dey increased in proportion to his lordship's forbearance; and the latter, uncertain of the intentions of our ministers, was compelled to grant the following stipulations:-Ist, The dey will be allowed six months in which to consult the Grand Seignior for his opinion and advice; 2d, A number of chests, containing pieces of eight, and constituting the ransom of the subjects of Naples, Sardinia, and Tuscany, at one thousand piastres per head,

having been delivered to the British squadron in April, will be immediately landed; 3d, The amicable loan of an English frigate will be granted to convey to Constantinople the annual tribute, and to solicit the opinion of the Grand Signior. This request is granted in consequence of the statement of the dey, that he would not willingly employ the Al gerine vessels on that occasion, from his dread of the Dutch and American squadrons cruising off the coast. The dey, on his side, engaged to maintain perpetual peace with the kingdom of Hanover; and the English admiral set sail again with five ships of the line, four heavy and four light frigates. Previous to his departure, the arrangements were confirmed on both sides by mutual presents.

The melancholy massacre at Bona had, previous to his departure, been committed, and was known to the dey, who carefully concealed the important fact from the knowledge of lord Exmouth. The barks of different nations, on the 23d of May 1816, were, as usual, off Bona, fishing for coral. At day-break a cannon-shot was heard, and at the same moment a number of armed men, to the amount of five thousand, some of them on horseback, issued from the town, and fell upon the seamen of the barks who were on shore, massacring all without the slightest distinction of flag or nation. About one hundred of the vessels, with their crews, fell a prey to the Algerines, and three hundred men were murdered in the unexpected attack of the barbarians. The brother of the English vice-consul residing at Bona saved himself by flight, after receiving a dreadful wound; and the vice-consul expired under the stroke of an assassin. The dey of Algiers was evidently a party to the aggression, as the cannon of the fortress of Bona kept a regular fire on the barks. All the Christians, to the number of nine hundred, were put in irons: they were threatened with instant death, and subjected to every species of cruelty and insult. Some hours after they were set at liberty, and they all took to flight with their vessels in every direction.

The events at Tunis, and the atrocities at Bona, at length excited the European powers to coalesce in one general alliance for the

humiliation of a power so formidable and rapacious. The ministers of France, Spain, Naples, Great Britain, and Holland, entered into a treaty, by which they mutually engaged to commence a decisive and effective invasion upon the states of Barbary. It was ratified in June by all the sovereigns, in their quality of grand-masters of the several military and religious orders in their dominions.

The powers engaged not only to put an end to the white slave trade, which the African governments carried on with insolence and impunity; but in order to prevent the return of acts of violence, they declared that they would establish there the form of government that should afford the best guarantee. The treaty consisted of 133 articles, and the sublime porte agreed to remain neuter, on condition of receiving guarantees for its European possessions. The pope announced his intention to give to the grandmasters of the military orders a suit of armour, and a banner, and the whole of the allied forces were fixed at 45,000 men.

Fortunately for the cause of justice and humanity, a project so futile in its design, and so desperate in its execution, was anticipated by the energy and decision of the British cabinet. The courage of the population, the attachment of the Turks to the established power, and the difficulties presented by the various forts, woods, and defiles, to the advances of an enemy, would have required, even should the confederates have succeeded, an enormous expence of blood and treasure. It would have been impossible to command or to intimidate the inhabitants of the interior; and operations on land would have occasioned an inhuman, sanguinary, and wasteful series of conflicts, for a chimerical and mistaken object. The only just and expedient policy was that which we adopted. We refrained from interfering with the organization of a government which, however tyrannical and capricious, is congenial to the feelings and habits of the people; we remembered that to dethrone the dey would only lead to the accession of another despot; and, confiding in our immense superiority of naval strength, we were certain that the Algerine govern

2. The restitution of all the money which had already been received for the Sardinian and Neapolitan captives.

The commander to whom this important and unexampled enterprise was entrusted had long been distinguished by the energy, the rapidity, and the success of his naval exploits, but from the injuctice of his patrons, or his own inclinations, the greater portion of his professional life had been spent in casual encounters, in desultory cruises, or in the subjugation of enemies almost incapable of resistance; but the present opportunity was worthy of his loftiest ambition, and demanded the most vigorous and strenuous exercise of those professional abilities which he had so frequently displayed in less important conflicts.

Early in August lord Exmouth sailed for Gibraltar, but remained at that place no longer than was necessary for the purchase of provisions, and the addition to his armament of several gun-boats. His squadron consisted of the Queen Charlotte, 110 guns; Impregnable, 96; Superb, 74; Leander, 50; Severn, 40; Glasgow, 40; Granicus, 36; Hebrus, 36; Heron, 18; and eight smaller vessels. Captain Van de Capellan had been dispatched by the Dutch government to cooperate with the hostile demonstrations of the British armament, and arrived before Algiers with the Melampus, 44 guns; Frederica, 44; Dagerand, 30; Diana, 44; Amstel, 44; and Ecendragt, 18. An unexpected calm, succeeded by strong easterly winds, prevented the united squadron from anchoring off Algiers till the 27th of August. Immediately after his arrival in the bay lord Exmouth transmitted, by means of a flag of truce, a written proposal, which intimated that the late atrocities at Bona had dissolved the amicable connection of the two countries, and demanded an immediate consent to the following stipulations :-

3. A solemn declaration from the dey, that he bound himself in the same manner as the beys of Tripoli and Tunis, to respect the rights of humanity, and in future wars to treat all prisoners according to the usages of European nations.

4. Peace to be concluded with his majesty the king of the Netherlands on the same terms as with the Prince Regent.

His lordship demanded an immediate answer, but his stipulations were rejected, and the fleet bore up at twelve o'clock on the 28th of August to commence a cannonade. The Melampus closed in with the nearest ship, and at sixteen minutes past two o'clock lord Exmouth, with the Queen Charlotte, bore up before the wind. A terrible and sanguinary bombardment now commenced, of which it would be impossible to present a more distinct, energetic, and vivid description, than that contained in the official statement of lord Exmouth. The bombardment ended in the destruction of half Algiers, and the burning of its ships. They consisted of four large frigates of 44 guns; five large corvettes, from 24 to 30 guns; all the gun and mortar boats except seven, amounting to thirty; several merchant brigs and schooners; and a great number of small vessels of various descriptions. The pontoons and lighters, the store-houses and arsenal, with all the timber, and various marine articles, were partly destroyed; and a considerable number of mortar-beds, gun-carriages, stores, and casks, were conveyed on board some English transports.

It is impossible to express the rage, the fury, and the sufferings, of the miserable Algerines. The city presented one universal and terrible scene of conflagration, bloodshed, and self-destruction. The unfortunate individuals, on whose houses the bombs and rockets produced effect, were crushed to death by the falling of the buildings; and crowds of citizens, burnt or laid prostrate by the English fire, bestrewed the streets, and the porticoes of the mosques. The number

of unfortunate victims to the cruelty and `avarice of the dey, and who lost their lives, or were severely wounded, amounted to more than 3000 persons. The inhabitants with a degree of indifference and self-security, arising from their superstitious belief in the doctrine of fatality, had neglected to retire from the city, or to send their families and furniture to a distance from the scene.

The loss of the English was great, and might have been thought deplorable, had not the necessity and justice of the enterprise required the most prompt and sanguinary operations. The following is a list of the individuals killed or wounded in the attack:

Queen Charlotte.-Wounded-Frederic J. Johnston, lieutenant, dangerously; George M. King, lieutenant, slightly; J. S. Jago, lieutenant, slightly; Mr. Joseph Grimes, sesecretary to commander in chief, slightly; Mr. Maxwell, boatswain, slightly; Mr. George Markham, midshipman, severely; Mr. H. Campbell, midshipman, severely; Mr. E. Hibbert, midshipman, severely; Mr. E. Stanley, midshipman, slightly; Mr. R. H. Baker, midshipman, slightly; Mr. S. Colston, secretary's clerk, slightly; captain F. Burton, royal marine artillery, severely; lieutenant. P. Robertson, royal marines, slightly.

Impregnable.-Killed Mr. J. Hawkins, midshipman. Wounded-Mr. G. N. Wesley, mate, contusion; Mr. H. Quinn, contu

sion.

Superb.-Killed-Mr. Thomas Howard, mate; Mr. Rob. C. Bowen, midshipman. Wounded-Chas. Ekins, esq. captain, slightly; Philip'T. Home, first lieutenant, severely; J. M.Dougall, lieutenant, slightly; Geo. W. Gunning, acting lieutenant, severely; Mr. W. Sweeting, midshipman, severely; Mr. J. H. Wolsey, midshipman, slightly.

Minden.-Wounded-Mr. Chas. C. Dent, mate, slightly; Mr. Chas. C. Grub, midshipman, slightly.

Albion--Killed-Mr. Mends, assistant-surveyor; Mr.Jardine, midshipman. Wounded, captain Coode, severely; Mr. Harvey, midshipman, severely.

Severn.-Wounded-Mr. James Foster, midshipman, arm amputated; Mr. Chas. Caley, ditto, contused foot. Mr. Wm. Ferrar, midshipman, wounded hand and contu

sion; Mr. Daniel Beattie, ditto, contusion; Mr. W. Catler, midshipman, wounded knee. Leander.-Killed-Captain Wilson, royal marines; lieutenant Baxter, royal marines; Mr. Lowdon, midshipman; Mr. Calthorpe, midshipman; Mr. Hanwel, midshipman. -Wounded.-Henry Walker, lieutenant, slightly; J. S. Dixon, lieutenant, slightly; Mr. Ashington, midshipman, severely; Mr. Cole, midshipman severely; Mr. Mayne, midshipman, severely; Mr. Sturt, midshipman, severely; Mr. Pickett, clerk, slightly; Mr. Dixon, midshipman, slightly.

Glasgow.-Wounded-P. Gilbert, lieutenant, contusion of chest; Mr. Robert Fulton, master, contusion of face, and knee; A. Stephens, lieutenant, royal marines, leg; Mr. Duffil, midshipman, severely; Mr. Harvey, midshipman, severely; Mr. Baird, midshipman, severely; Mr. Heathcote, midshipman, left foot; Mr. Keay, midshipman, severely.

Granicus.-Killed-W. M. Morgan, lieutenant, royal marines; Wm. Renfrey, lieutenant, royal marines; Mr. Robert Pratt, midshipman. Wounded-H. A. Perkins, lieutenant, slightly; Mr. L. Mitchell, midshipman, severely; Mr. L. T. Jones, midshipman, slightly; Mr. G. R. Glennie, midshipman, dangerously; Mr. Dacres F. Wise, midshipman, slightly.

Hebrus. Killed Mr. G. H. A. Pocock, midshipman. Wounded-Mr. A. S. Symes, midshipman, lower jaw.

Infernal-Killed-G. J. P. Bissett, lieutenant, royal marine artillery. WoundedJohn Foreman, lieutenant, slightly; Mr. G. Valentine, boatswain, slightly; Mr. Morgan Hopkins, clerk, severely; Mr. James Barber, midshipman,. severely; Mr. James M. Cross, midshipman, slightly; Mr. J. J. H. Andrews, midshipman, slightly.

(Signed) EXMOUTH.

The following is the interesting and animating report by lord Exmouth of the exploits of himself and his brave companions.

TO J. W. CROKER, ESQ.

Queen Charlotte, Algiers bay, August 28, 1816. SIR,-In all the vicissitudes of a long life of public service, no circumstance has ever produced on my mind such impressions of

gratitude and joy as the event of yesterday. To have been one of the humble instruments, in the hands of Divine Providence, for bringing to reason a ferocious government, and destroying for ever the insufferable and horrid system of Christian slavery, can never cease to be a source of delight and heartfelt comfort to every individual happy enough to be employed in it. I may, I hope, be permitted, under such impressions, to offer my sincere congratulations to their lordships on the complete success which attended the gallant efforts of his majesty's fleet in their attack upon Algiers of yesterday; and the happy result produced from it on this day by the signature of peace. Thus has a provoked war of two days existence been attended by a complete victory, and closed by a renewed peace for England and her ally, the king of the Netherlands, on conditions dictated by the firmness and wisdom of his majesty's government and commanded by the vigour of their measures.

My thanks are justly due for the honour and confidence his majesty's ministers have been pleased to repose on my zeal, on this highly important occasion. The means were by them made adequate to my own wishes, and the rapidity of their measures speak for themselves. Not more than one hundred days since I left Algiers with the British flect, unsuspicious and ignorant of the atrocities which had been committed at Bona; that fleet on its arrival in England was necessarily disbanded, and another, with proportionate resources, created and equipped; and, although impeded in its progress by calms and adverse winds, has poured the vengeance of an insulted nation, in chastising the cruelties of a ferocious government with a promptitude beyond example, and highly honourable to the national character, eager to resent oppression or cruelty whenever practised upon those under their protection. Would to God that in the attainment of this object I had not deeply to lament the severe loss of so many gallant officers and men; they have profusely bled in a contest which has been peculiarly marked by proofs of such devoted heroism as would rouse every noble feeling, did I dare indulge in relating them.

Their lordships will already have been informed, by his majesty's sloop Jasper, of my proceedings up to the 15th instant, on which day I broke ground from Gibraltar, after a vexatious detention by a foul wind of four days.

The fleet, complete in all its points, with the addition of five gun-boats fitted at Gibraltar, departed in the highest spirits, and with the most favourable prospect of reaching the port of their destination in three days; but an adverse wind destroyed the expectation of an early arrival, which was the more anxiously looked for by myself, in consequence of hearing, the day I sailed from Gibraltar, that a large army had been assembled, and that very considerable additional works were throwing up, not only on both flanks of the city, but also immediately about the entrance of the mole: from this I was apprehensive that my intention of making that point my principal object of attack, had been discovered to the dey by the same means he had heard of the expedition. This intelligence was, on the following night, greatly confirmed by the Prometheus, which I had dispatched to Algiers some time before, to endeavour and get away the consul.— Captain Dashwood had with difficulty succeeded in bringing away, disguised in midshipman's uniform, his wife and daughter, leaving a boat to bring off their infant child, coming down in a basket with the surgeon, who thought he had composed it, but it unhappily cried in the gateway, and in consequence the surgeon, three midshipmen, in all eighteen persons, were seized and confined as slaves in the usual dungeons. The child was sent off next morning by the dey, and as a solitary instance of his humanity, it ought to be recorded by me.

Captain Dashwood further confirmed, that about forty thousand men had been brought down from the interior, and all the janissaries called in from distant garrisons, and that they were indefatigably employed in their batteries, gun-boats, &c. and every where strengthening the sea defences.

The dey informed captain Dashwood he knew perfectly well the armament was destined for Algiers, and asked him if it was true; he replied, if he had such information