mation of urns and bodies entire, accompanied with lacrymatories, pateræ, præfericula, and lamps, will in most cases be found to constitute the more prominent indications of the burial places of the former, whilst the latter, though become more civilized, still retained, with some modifications, the customs of their ancestors, and continued to inter their dead with arms, and in their choicest apparel. Hence the analogy and distinction should be made between those places of sepulture wherein ornaments and arms are found, and those which contain, together with the interments, lamps and libatory vessels only, used at the sepulchral sacrifice.

THE practice of barrow burial, though continued to the seventh or eighth century, does not appear to have been so prevalent in South Britain during the Roman sway, as it was before the conquest by that nation, or even after their final departure; for we find in very few of the large British tumuli either urns, arms, or other articles of a de

t 1. Sepulchral Urn. 2, 3. Drinking Cups. 4, 5. Iron Umbo of a Shield. 6, 7. Spear Heads of iron. 8. Iron Knife. 9. Spear Head. 10. Iron Pin, 11. Hooked Instrument of iron. 12, 13. Remains of Iron Buckles. 14. Sword of iron.

scription such as we might assume would supersede the rude-formed weapons of stone and brass, and urns and cups of unbaked earth, used by the Britons before that period; and in lieu of which they must soon have acquired from their conquerors others more artfully shaped, and fabricated from better materials.

An investigation into the sepulchral remains of the Romanized Britons was a subject, amongst others, to which the attention of Sir R. C. Hoare, the historian of Ancient Wiltshire, was directed.

"Another matter of inquiry," says he, "has always most strongly excited my curiosity; namely, the places selected for burial by the Romanized Britons. That after the conquest of our island by the Romans, the Britons associated with them in their original settlements, and were instructed by them in their arts and sciences, is both natural and evident from the fragments of Roman pottery, stuccoed walls, hypocausts, &c. which we have invariably found on the scite of British towns and villages; but where did they bury their dead? Certainly not in tumuli; for no Roman urn has been discovered within them in our district. Chance, however, may on a future day point out their mausolea, and reward some zealous antiquary with a rich collection of ancient relics. Chance alone can make this desirable study; for we have as yet no clue to guide us, and no apparent symptom to direct the operation of our spades in this particular inquiry."

But interments, both by cremation and of the body entire, have been discovered near the scites of some Roman British towns. Funeral urns, shaped in a different manner from those peculiar to the Ancient Britons, turned by the lathe, and formed after Roman models, yet unaccompanied with any of those articles, which so forcibly characterise

the burial places of the Romans, have been dug out of tumuli; and interments have also been found where bodies, accompanied by arms and instruments of iron, beads, ornaments of bronze, and drinking cups, have been inhumed at a very short distance beneath the surface, without any superincumbent tumuli.

These interments, in which are indications of an intermixture of the ancient British and Roman modes of burial, may very probably have been those of the Romanized Britons, and of those German tribes, who, serving as allies in the Roman army, were brought over to Britain, where they were rewarded with donations of land, and settled.

In Caledonia, a country never entirely subdued by the Romans, the practice of barrow burial continued; the funeral ceremonies are described in the poems of Ossian, where allusion is made to "the green hills," and mounds of earth heaped up over the mighty dead. These poems are supposed to refer to events which took place about the third century of the Christian era, and to have been written very soon after. u

When the Romans were compelled to abandon Britain, the Caledonian tribes, the Picts and Scots, took advantage of the dissensions which, on their departure prevailed, to issue forth in predatory bands against the defenceless inhabitants of the south, who, having no longer foreign legions to rely upon for their protection, and divided amongst

u Fall I may! but raise my tomb, Crimora! Grey stones, a mound of earth, shall send my name to other times.-Carric-Thura.

Behold that field, O Carthon! many a green hill rises there, with mossy stones and rustling grass: these are the tombs of Fingal's foes, the sons of the rolling sea!-Carthon.

Three bards attended us with songs. Three bossy shields were borne before us: for we were to rear the stone in memory of the past. We raised the mould around the stone, and bade it speak to other years -Colna-Dona.

themselves, were not able to withstand such sudden and repeated aggressions, and were at length necessitated to solicit aid from the Saxons, a powerful and warlike Teutonic tribe, which inhabited the northern parts of Germany. Accordingly, about the middle of the fifth century, a small body of Saxon warriors landed in South Britain, and these, with the assistance of some of the natives, drove back the northern invaders within their ancient limits, and were rewarded for their services with a considerable tract of land, with which for a time they were contented, but soon afterwards, on receiving from their own country considerable reinforcements of adventurers, they demanded an increase of territory, and being refused, made various attempts to settle themselves more securely in Britain, where, after a protracted and brave, but ineffectual struggle, by the natives, they succeeded in driving such of the latter who were not inclined to submit, into Cornwall and Wales, and at the close of the sixth century, had completely established themselves in the southern parts of Britain, which from the Angles, a tribe of Saxony, was thenceforth called England.

Anciently the Saxons, in common with other German nations, burnt their dead, as well as buried them entire. The ancient Germans, we are told by Tacitus, cared not for pompous funerals; this custom only was observed amongst them, namely, that the bodies of illustrious persons were burnt with particular kinds of wood; they heaped not up funeral piles with garments or perfumes; each one's own peculiar arms, and the horses of some of them, were cast into the fire. Their tombs were raised with turf, and they despised the lofty and costly magnificence of monuments as only burthensome to the dead.

There are scattered over various parts of this country, clusters of small campaniform, or conic-shaped barrows,