(Venus, goddess of love and beauty) as the most beautiful woman. This pleased Ares (Mars), the lover of Aphrodite, but aroused the wrath of Athena and Hera (Pallas, goddess of wisdom and war, and Juno, queen of heaven), and led to the fall of Troy. Aphrodite (Venus) fell in love with Adonis. See Adonis.

Apicius. A famous Roman epicure of the 1st century A. D.

Apis. The sacred bull worshiped by the ancient Egyptians.

Apocalypse. The revelation made to the Apostle John and recorded in Revelation.

Apollonian. Resembling Apollo, noted for his youthful beauty.

Apollo. One of the great Olympian gods; son of Jupiter and Latona. He was the god of music, poetry, and healing. As god of the sun, he was represented as driving the chariot of the sun through the sky and as sinking into the western ocean at evening. He slew the Python, a monstrous serpent dwelling in the caves of Mount Parnassus. He loved a beautiful youth named Hyacinthus, but accidentally slew him with a quoit. He was inspired by Cupid with love for a maiden, Daphne, who fled his advances, and escaped him by being changed into a laurel tree. Apollo's constant attributes were the bow, the lyre, and the laurel wreath. Apollo Belvedere. A celebrated antique statue of Apollo in the Belvedere, a portion of the Vatican Palace in Rome.

Apollyon. The angel of the bottomless pit, in Revelation.

Appian. A Roman historian of the 2nd century A. D.

Appleby. A town in the county of Westmoreland, England.

Aquarius. A constellation supposed to represent a man standing with his left hand extended upward, and with his right pouring a stream of water out of a vase.

Arabia. A country of southwestern Asia, between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Arabian Nights, The. A famous and ancient collection of Eastern stories.

Arabic. The language spoken originally by the Ara

bians.

Arabie; Araby. Poetic names for Arabia. Aragon. An ancient kingdom, now a part of northeastern Spain,

Arcadia; Arcadian. A picturesque district of the

Peloponnesus, praised for the simplicity and contentment of its people, and represented as the home of pastoral poetry.

Arcadian Evocators. Beings who summoned up spirits of the dead. They resided in Phigalia, Greece.

Arcady. A poetic name for Arcadia. Arcturi; Arcturus. A brilliant star in the northern hemisphere, the fourth in order of brightness in the entire heavens.

Ardalia. See note on Life Passes Not as Some Men Say, p. 1303b.

Arden. A forest in As You Like It; the retreat of the banished Duke and of Rosalind. Ardennes. In ancient times, a large forest in Gaul (modern France).

Ares. Mars, god of war. See Aphrodite. Arethusa. A nymph who, while bathing, was pursued by her lover, Alpheus, the river-god. She fled under the sea to the island of Ortygia, where she was transformed into a fountain. Alpheus was changed into a river.

Argenis. A political allegory by John Barclay (1582-1621), said by Cowper to be the most amusing romance ever written.

Argo. The ship of the Argonauts.

competition, he was compelled to leap into the sea, by sailors who are said to have robbed him; he was carried to shore by dolphins which had gathered to listen to his music. Ariosto (1474-1533). A famous Italian poet. Aristides. A celebrated Athenian statesman and general who was exiled through the influence of Themistocles, his rival, in 483 B. C. He was recalled in 480 because of his service at the Battle of Salamis, against the Persians.

Aristotle (384-322 B. C.). The most famous and influential of Greek philosophers. He was the author of a treatise on moral philosophy entitled Nicomachean Ethics, of a treatise on poetry entitled Poetics, and of other works. Ark. See Genesis 6: 14ff. Armada, The fleet sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588.

Armida. A beautiful sorceress who ensnared Rinaldo, in Tasso's epic poem Jerusalem Delivered (1581).

Arno. 1-(95)-See note on Fingal, p. 1306b. 2(369, 821) A river of Tuscany, which flows into the Mediterranean. Arpinum. An ancient town in Caserta province, Italy, the birthplace of Marius. Arran. An island on the west coast of Scotland, noted for its lofty mountain-peaks. It is the ancient seat of the Hamiltons, a noted Scotch family.

Art of Cookery. A cook-book by Mrs. Rundell, first entitled Family Receipt-Book (1810); in later editions, Domestic Cookery. It was one of Murray's most successful books. He paid £2,000 for the copyright.

Artemis. Diana,

goddess of the moon and the chase. See Diana. Arthur. A British chieftain of the 6th century, celebrated in Welsh, Breton, and old French ro

mance.

Arve. A river in France and Switzerland, which waters the valley of Chamouni. Arveiron. A small stream in eastern France, a branch of the River Arve.

Arviragus. Cymbeline's son, in Shakspere's Cymbeline, who assumes the name of Cadwal. Arvon. Carnarvonshire, a county in Wales, opposite the Isle of Anglesey.

Ascabart; Ascapart. A giant in the medieval ro

mance Bevis of Hampton, said to have been 30 feet high. He was overthrown by Sir Bevis. Ashe. A small village in the county of Surrey, Eng

land.

Ashtaroth. A general name of the Syrian deities. See Paradise Lost, 1, 422. Ashur. Asshur, the highest god of the Assyrians. Asmodeus. King of the Demons. Aspatia. A character in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Maid's Tragedy (c1610). Asphaltes. Asphaltites, an ancient name of the Dead Sea. Assyria. An ancient empire in southwestern Asia. Astræa. The goddess of justice. Atalantis. A scandalous romance entitled Memoirs of the New Atalantis, written by Mrs. Mary Manley, a popular English writer of the early 18th century. The story is an account of the crimes of thinly-disguised persons of high rank. Athena. Goddess of wisdom and war. See Aphrodite.

Athenæus. A Greek rhetorician and philosopher of the 2nd century A. D. His Deipnosophisto is a storehouse of quotations. Athenè. See Athena.

Athol. A district in northern Perthshire, Scotland. Atlantean. Resembling Atlas. See Atlas. Atlantides. The Pleiades, daughters of Atlas. Athenian Aberdeen. See Aberdeen (1).

the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece. Argos. The most ancient city in Greece. Argus. In Greek legend, the guardian of Io. was famed to have had one hundred eyes. was slain by Hermes.

Argyleshire. A county in western Scotland. Ariadne. Daughter of Minos, King of Crete.

He

He

She

fell in love with Theseus, and gave him a clew of thread to guide him out of the labyrinth in case he should slay the Minotaur. Having fled with Theseus, she was abandoned by him on the Isle of Naxos. There Bacchus found her and made her his wife.

Ariel. A tricky spirit in Shakspere's The Tempest. See note on With a Guitar: to Jane, p. 1342a. Arion. A Greek poet and musician in Lesbos. Returning from Sicily, after a successful musical

posed to support the pillars of heaven on his shoulders as a punishment for making war against Zeus.

Attic: Attica. Of or belonging to Attica, an ancient kingdom of Greece.

Attila. A famous King of the Huns (406?-458), surnamed "The Scourge of God" on account of the terrible destruction wrought by his armies. Aubert, Peter. Probably Peter Auber, assistant secretary of the East India Company in 1820. Auerstadt. A town in Saxony where the French defeated the Prussians in 1806.

Augereau. Pierre François Charles Augereau (17571816), a noted French marshal,

Augustine, St. Aurelius Augustinus (354-430), the most celebrated father of the Latin Church; author of Confessions.

Augustus. Augustus Cæsar, the first Roman emperor (31 B. C.-14 A. D.). During his reign, Roman literature reached its highest point. See note on Tiberius and Vipsania, p. 1305a. Aulis. A town on the eastern coast of Boeotia, Greece. It was the rendezvous of the Greek fleet in the expedition against Troy. Aurora. Goddess of the dawn, represented as rising from the ocean in a chariot, with her fingers dripping dew. She was attended by the Hours. She fell in love with Tithonus, the son of Laomedon, King of Troy. She prevailed on the gods to grant Tithonus immortality, but forgot to ask immortal youth for him. He grew old, and was changed by Aurora into a grasshopper. Aurora Borealis. A phenomenon of the atmosphere, often seen during the night in high northern latitudes, called commonly "Northern Lights.' Ausonia. A poetical name for Italy. Auster. The south wind.

Austral. Pertaining to the south. Aventicum. The ancient name of Avenches, a town in Switzerland. It was an important Roman city, destroyed by the Huns in 447. It contains walls and other ancient remains.

Avon. A river in the midland counties of England, on which Stratford, where Shakspere lived, is located.

Axumé. An ancient city in Abyssinia, noted for its antiquities.

Aylmer, Rose. A daughter of Lord Aylmer, a friend of Landor's.

Ayr. The name of a city and a river in Ayrshire, Scotland.

Azincour. Agincourt, a village in France, southeast

of Boulogne; the scene of an English victory over the French in 1415. Azrael. The angel of death.

B.

One of De Quincey's guardians. He was a merchant. Baal. The supreme divinity of the ancient SyroPhoenician nations. He was also worshiped as the sun-god.

Babel. 1-(469)-The city of Babylon. 2-(577)

The tower described in Genesis, 11, during the building of which occurred the confusion of tongues. 3-(612, 746)-Tumulf; confusion. Babes in the Wood, The. In Percy's Reliques, a ballad of two children who perished in Wayland Wood, Norfolkshire, England. Bab'lon; Babylon. The capital of ancient Babylonia, in Asia, situated on the Euphrates River. the destruction of the city, see Revelation, 14:8 and 18:10-21. It is noted for its Hanging Gardens, one of the seven wonders of the world. Bacchanal; Bacchanalian. Pertaining to Bacchanalia, the worship of Bacchus, or a festival in his honor, usually a drunken revel.

For

Bacchic Nysa. See Nysa, Bacchus. (Dionysus). The son of Jupiter, and the god of wine. His forehead was crowned with vine-leaves or ivy. He rode upon the tiger, the panther, or the lynx, and was drawn by them in a car. His worshipers were Bacchanals, or Bacchantes. He was attended by Satyrs and Sileni, and women called Mænads, who, as they danced and sang, waved in the air the thyrsus, a staff entwined with ivy and surmounted by a pine cone. He gained the love of Ariadne, daughter of King Minos of Crete. Bacleuch; Buccleuch. Sir Walter Scott of Branx

holm (Branksome), in Roxburghshire, Scotland, Bacon. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a celebrated English philosopher, jurist, statesman, and essayist. Badajoz. A town and fortress in Spain; stormed by Wellington in 1812.

Bagdat, Bagdad, an ancient city in Asiatic Turkey. Bagshot. A village in the county of Surrey, England.

Baia: Baiæ. A small seaport of Italy, west of Naples.

Bailey. Benjamin Bailey (1749-1852), an intimate friend of Keats.

Bajazet, A Turkish sultan (1389-1402) who appears as a character in Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great (c1588), Racine's Bajazet (1672), and other plays.

Balaam. The prophet to whom Balak, King of

to curse Moab, sent presents to induce him Israel, and who was rebuked by the ass he rode. His utterance, by God's power, was a blessing instead of a curse.

Balbec.

Minor,

An ancient city of Syria, Asia famous for its ruins: it was sacred to the worship of Baal, the sun god.

Balboa, A Spanish navigator who discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Balclutha. See note on Carthon, p. 1306a. Balder. See note on The Descent of Odin, p. 1266b. Baldwin. C. B. Baldwin or Herbert Baldwin, both of whom were members of the House of Commons, 1830-33. Balk. Balkh, a region of Turkestan, in Asia. Ballad of Betty Foy. A poem by Wordsworth. Banborowe. A district in Northumberlandshire, England. It contains Bamborough Castle, which is built on a high rock projecting into the North Sea. Bangor. A city on the coast of Carnarvonshire, North Wales. Bank; Bank of England. The custodian of the public money of Great Britain, and manager of the public debt; now the largest bank in the world. Banks. John Banks (fl. 1696), author of The Unhappy Favorite and other melodramatic plays. Bannister. Jack Bannister (1760-1836), an English

comedian.

Eannochar. A valley on the borders of Loch

Lomond, in the county of Dumbarton, Scotland. Banquo. A Scottish thane and general, the legendary ancestor of the Stuarts; he appears in Shakspere's Macbeth.

Baramoule, A locality in the western part of Cashmere, which is bounded by Eastern Turkestan, Tibet, and India. Barbara. A child mentioned in Wordsworth's 'Tis Said That Some Have Died for Love. Not to be confused with Barbara Lewthwaite, mentioned in Wordsworth's The Pet Lamb.

Barbary. The Mohammedan countries on the north coast of Africa, not including Egypt. Barbican. A street in London, so called from a former watch-tower, which stood on it. Barclay. John Barclay (1582-1621), a Scottish poet. Barden. A moor in Cumberlandshire, England. Bardie clan. Bards, or poets.

Barker's. A former bookshop in what is now Russell Street, London. Barleycorn, John. The personification of malt liquor, as being made from barley. Barnesdale. A woodland region in the western part of Yorkshire, England. Barnet. A village in Hertfordshire, north of London. Barnwell, George. A character in George Lillo's tragedy The London Merchant; or the History of George Barnwell (1731).

Barrett, Elizabeth. An English poet (1806-61). Barrow. John Barrow (1764-1848), an English

writer and traveler,

Bartholinus. Thomas Bartholin (1616-80), a Danish physician and scholar.

Bartholomew, St. One of the twelve apostles. Bartram, William Bartram (1739-1823), an American botanist and ornithologist, who wrote Tratels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, Enst and West Florida, etc.

Basques. A race of unknown origin inhabiting the Basque provinces and other parts of Spain in the neighborhood of the Pyrenees. Bateable Land. Debatable Land, a region on the border of England and Scotland, formerly claimed by both kingdoms: it comprised about 30 square miles north and east of the mouth of the River Esk.

Bath. A town in Somersetshire, England. It is one of the leading watering places of England, and is noted for its hot springs. A poem by Anacreon, a Greek lyric poet Bathyllus. of the fifth century B. C. Battle. A town in the county of Sussex, which received its name from the Battle of Hastings, fought there in 1066.

Battle Abbey. A large Benedictine monastery, built by William the Conqueror in 1067 on the spot where Harold's banner had been planted in the Battle of Hastings.

Battle of Hexham. A comedy by George Colman the Younger (1762-1836).

Bavius. An inferior Roman poet of the first century
B. C.; an enemy of Virgil and Horace.
Beacon-hill. A prominent hill near Penrith, Cum-
berlandshire, England.

Bear, The Great.

Ursa Major, a large northern constellation, containing the seven conspicuous stars called the Great Dipper.

Beattie. James Beattie (1735-1803), a Scotch poet, essayist, and philosophical writer. See p. 119.

Beatty, Mr.

Sir William Beatty (d. 1842), an English surgeon, for many years in the service of the

navy. Beaumont. Francis Beaumont (1584-1616), an Elizabethan dramatist, collaborator with John Fletcher.

Beaumont, Sir George (1753-1827). An English landscape painter and patron of art. Bede (673-735). A celebrated English monk and ecclesiastical writer. Bedford. John Plantagenet (1389-1435), Duke of Bedford, an English general and statesman. He abetted the execution of Joan of Arc in 1431. Bedlam. The hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem in London, founded about 1247. On the suppression of religious houses by Henry VIII, it was incorporated as a hospital for the insane, in

1547.

Bedlamites. -(264)-Discharged inmates of Bedlam Hospital, licensed to beg.

Bedouin Arab. One of the nomadic Arabs of Syria,
Arabia, and northern Africa.
Beelzebub. The prince of the demons; the devil.
Behman. Jacob Behman (1575-1624), a noted Ger-
man mystic.

Bela. A town in the district of Lus, in southeastern
Baluchistan, west of India.

Belcher. Tom Belcher (1783-1854), younger brother of James Belcher, a well-known prize-fighter, who kept a tavern in Holborn, a district in the central part of London.

Belial. The ancient Hebrew personification of recklessness or lawlessness; hence, the devil. Bellarmine. Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino (15421621), an Italian divine.

Bellini. Vincenzo Bellini (1802-35), a famous Italian

operatic composer.

Bembo, Cardinal (1470-1547). and writer.

An Italian cardinal

Ben-an. A mountain north of the Trosachs, a valley of western Perthshire, Scotland. Benbecula, Island of. An island of the Hebrides, between North Uist and South Uist, west of Scotland.

Bengal. A province in northeastern British India. Benledi. A mountain in Perthshire, Scotland.

The

name signifies Mountain of God. Ben-Lomond. A mountain in Stirlingshire, Scotland.

Benmore. A mountain near Loch Katrine in Perthshire, Scotland.

Benvenue. A mountain in Perthshire, Scotland. Benvoirlich. A mountain in Perthshire, Scotland. Berkeley. George Berkeley (1685-1753), an Irish

bishop and philosopher.

Berkeley Castle. A Norman stronghold, Gloucestershire, England. Here Edward II was murdered in 1327.

Bermoothes. An old form of Bermudas.
Bermudas. A British island group in the North
Atlantic Ocean.

A cele

Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux (1091-1153). brated French ecclesiastic, Berwick-Law. North Berwick Law, a prominent

height in Hoddingtonshire, Scotland, overlooking the Firth of Forth.

Bess, Queen. Elizabeth, Queen of England (15581603).

Bethlehem, An ancient city in Palestine; the birthplace of Christ

Betterton. Thomas Betterton (1635?-1710), a noted
English actor.

Bey. A title given to sons of Pashas, and to the
nobility. It is conferred by the Sultan.
Bey Oglou, The title of a Turkish nobleman.
Bigod, Ralph. John Fenwick, an early nineteenth

century editor. His life was full of misfortunes. Lamb borrowed the name Bigod from the old family name of the Earls of Norfolk. Billet, Mr. Lamb's "poor relation." Birkbeck, George Birkbeck (1766-1841), a London

physician, founder of Mechanics' Institute, Birkbeck College, and University College, London. Birmingham. A large manufacturing city in Warwickshire, England.

Bishopsgate. The principal entrance through the northern wall of Old London. Black. John Black (1783-1855), a distinguished

journalist, editor of The Morning Chronicle, a prominent London paper, from 1819 to 1843. Black Prince, The. Edward, Prince of Wales (133076), a son of Edward III of England; so named by "terror of his arms." Blackwood. 1-(412)-Sir Henry Blackwood (17701832), an English naval captain. 2-(862, 1035) -William Blackwood (1776-1834), a Scotch

publisher and bookseller, founder of The Edinburgh Magazine. He was a rank Tory. Blackwood's Magazine. A magazine of Edinburgh, Scotland, founded and edited by William Blackwood (1776-1834).

Blake. Robert Blake (1598-1657), a famous British admiral who won notable victories over the Dutch and Spanish. He died at sea, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Blanc, Mont. See Mont Blanc. Bland, Mrs. Maria Theresa Bland (Dorothea Jordan) (1769-1838), a well-known Irish actress. Blenheim. 1-(400)-See Note on The Battle of Blenheim, p. 1345a. 2-(1027)—A village in Oxfordshire, England. It is the seat of Blenheim Palace, noted for its fine apartments. Bloomfield. Robert Bloomfield (1766-1823), an English pastoral poet. Bloomsbury. A noted district in London. Lamb never lived there.

Blue Anchor. Probably the name of a hill near Minehead, in Somersetshire, England. Blue Bonnets. Scotchmen, so called from the broad, flat cap of blue wool which they wore. Bluebeard. The hero of a popular story, who gave his wives, in turn, a key to a certain room, and forbade their opening it on penalty of death. Bobby, Master. A character in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy (v, 7), a novel by Laurence Sterne (1713-68).

Boccace; Boccaccio. Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-75), a noted Italian writer.

Bochastle. A moor in Perthshire, Scotland. Bodleian. The library of Oxford University; named after Sir Thomas Bodley, who re-established it, 1597-1602.

Boeotian. Belonging to or having the traits of the inhabitants of Boeotia, Greece, proverbial for their dulness.

Boetius. Boethius (475-524), a Roman philosopher. His most famous work is the De Consolatione Philosophic.

(1636-1711),

Boileau. Nicholas Boileau-Despréaux a famous French critic and poet. Bolingbroke. Henry St. John (1678-1751), Lord Bolingbroke, an English statesman, political writer, and Deistic philosopher.

Bolton Priory. An abbey in the western part of Yorkshire, England.

Bond-street. In the West End of London; the fashionable shopping district.

Bonnivard. François de Bonnivard (1496-1570), a

French reformer who aided the Genevese against Charles of Savoy. He was imprisoned at Chillon, Boreas. The god of the north wind. Borgia. Cesare Borgia (1478-1507), an Italian cardinal, soldier, and adventurer, noted for the murder of his brother and as an adept in perfidious politics.

Borgia, Lucretia. See note on On Seeing a Hair of
Lucretia Borgia, p. 1304a.

Borrodale, Borrowdale, a romantic vale in the lake
Country, Cumberlandshire, England.
Borrowgate. A small place in Cumberlandshire,
England.

Borystbenes. The ancient name of the River Dniener, in Russia.

Bosniac. A poetic name for Bosnian.

Bosnia is a

province of Austria-Hungary. Boswell. James Boswell (1740-1795), a Scotch lawyer; biographer of Samuel Johnson. Botany Bay. An inlet on the east coast of New South Wales, Australia. It was formerly used by the British as a convict station. Bo'hwellhaugh. See note on Cadyow Castle, p. 1320a. Bowles. William Lisle Bowles (1762-1850), an English clergyman and minor poet. He published

an edition of Pope in 1806. See p. 164. Bracklinn. A beautiful cascade in the River Keltie, near Callander, Perthshire, Scotland. Braemar. The highland portion of the district of Mar. Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is famed for its deer and its forests.

Brahma. The creator in Hindu mythology.
Bramins. Members of the first of the four castes of
India.

Branksome Ha; Branxholm. A castle and an estate three miles southwest of the village of Hawick, in Roxburghshire, Scotland. It was the residence of the Buccleuch family.

Bratha Head. The source of the River Bratha, which flows through the county of Westmoreland into Lake Windermere, England. Brazenose College. A college of Oxford University, so named from the sign of the former Brazenose Hall, a brazen nose.

Breadalbane. A district in Perthshire, Scotland, north of Loch Lomond.

Brenta. A river of northern Italy, flowing into the Gulf of Venice.

Brentford. A town in the county of Middlesex, England, on the Thames, nine miles west of London.

Brian. King of Dublin in the eleventh century. Briareus. A son of Uranus and Gæa; a monster with a hundred arms. Bridge of Sighs. The covered bridge in Venice leading from the Doge's Palace to the state prison; so called because condemned prisoners formerly passed over it from the judgment hall to the place of execution.

Bridge Street Junto. See p. 1033a, n. 2.
Bridgewater. A seaport in Somersetshire, England.
Brigg of Turk. An old stone bridge over the_Turk,
a small stream in Glenfinlas Valley, in Perth-
shire, Scotland.

Brinsley. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816), an
Irish dramatist and politician.
Bristol; Bristowa. A town in Gloucestershire, Eng-
land.

Britannia. A poetical name for Great Britain.
British Fairfax. See Fairfax.

British Museum. A national institution in London.
It contains collections of antiquities and a
library of more than 2,000,000 books.
Britomart. A lady knight in Spenser's The Faerie
Queene, representing chastity.
Britonferry. A seaport in Glamorganshire, Wales.
Brocken. One of the Hartz Mountains in Saxony,
famous for its "specter" caused by the shadow
cast upon the clouds.

Bronte. A title of Lord Nelson.

Brooke, Lord. Fulke Greville (1554-1628), Lord Brooke, an English poet and philosopher. Brougham. Henry Peter, Baron Brougham and Vaux (1778-1868), a celebrated British statesman, jurist, and scientist. He became Chancellor in 1830. He was one of the founders of The Edinburgh Review, in 1802.

Broughton. Jack Broughton (1704-89), a prizefighter; he fought with George Stevenson in 1771.

Brown, Tom Brown (1663-1704), an English satirical poet and prose writer.

Browne. Sir Thomas Browne (1605-82), an English

physician, author of Religio Medici, Urn Burial, etc. Bruce. Robert de Bruce (1274-1329), King of Scot

land; he defeated Edward II of England at Bannockburn in 1314.

Brunetière. Ferdinand Brunetière (1849-1906), a French literary critic.

Bruno, St. An eleventh century monk, founder of the order of Carthusian monks, at Chartreuse, France.

Brunswick. A duchy in Germany.
Brusa. A city in Turkey, Asia Minor.
Brussels. Capital of the kingdom of Belgium.

In 1830 it was the scene of the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution. Brutus. The legendary king and founder of Britain. Bryan and Perenne. A West Indian ballad, founded on an actual occurrence, which happened in the Island of St. Christopher, about 1760. Buccleuch. See Bacleuch,

Bucephalus. The war-horse of Alexander the Great; hence, any saddle horse. Buchan. William Buchan (1729-1805), a Scottish

physician.

Bucks. Buckingham, an inland county of England.
Buffamalco. Buonamico Buffalmacco (c. 1262-1340),
a Florentine painter, celebrated in Boccaccio's
Decameron.

Bull. -(930)-William Bull (1738-1814), Lord
Mayor of London in 1773.
Bull, John. A name that stands for England or an
Englishman,

Bulwer-Lytton. Edward Robert. Earl of Lytton
(1831-91), an English poet and diplomat.
Bunbury, H. Henry William Bunbury (1750-1811),
an English artist and caricaturist.
Buncle, John. See John Buncle.
Burford Bridge. A small village near Dorking, in
the county of Surrey, England.
Bürger. Gottfried August Bürger (1748-94), a noted
German poet.

Burgoyne. John Burgoyne (1723-92),

an English

general in the American Revolution. Burgundy. A former province in east-central France, famous for its wines.

statesman, and writer. See p. 1186.

Burleigh. See Exeter, Lord.

Burnet. Thomas Burnet (1635-1715), an English writer, noted chiefly as the author of Telluris Theoria Sacra, remarkable for its vivid imagery and purity of style. Burn-mill. A meadow in the Yarrow Valley, Selkirkshire, Scotland. Burton. Robert Burton (1577-1640), a noted English writer, author of The Anatomy of Melancholy. Busyrane. An enchanter in Spenser's The Faerie Queene. Bute. John Stuart (1713-92), Earl of Bute, an English statesman and leader of the party of George III.

Butler, Bishop. Joseph Butler (1672-1752), an English theologian. Byzantine. Of ancient Byzantium. Byzantium. An ancient Greek city on the site of modern Constantinople.

Cadiz. A seaport of southwestern Spain. Cadmæan forest. A forest near Cadmeia, the citadel or acropolis of Thebes, in Boeotia, Greece. Cadmus. The reputed founder of Thebes in Boeotia, Greece. He brought the old Phoenician, or Cadmean, alphabet of sixteen letters to Greece. Cadwallader (d. 703). The last king of Wales; the hero of Welsh poems. Cadwallo. An ancient Welsh poet. Cæcilia. See Cecilia, Saint, Cæsar, Augustus. See Augustus.

Cæsar. Julius Cæsar (100-44 B. C.), a famous Roman general, statesman, and writer. He was assassinated by Brutus, Cassius, and others. Cæsarean. Belonging to Julius Cæsar. Caf. In Mohammedan mythology, a mountain, consisting of a single emerald, said to surround the whole earth.

Cain. The eldest son of Adam and Eve, and the murderer of his brother Abel. He was condemned to be a fugitive for his sin. Cairo. The capital of Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile.

Calais. A fortified seaport on the north coast of France. Calantha. A character in John Ford's tragedy, The Broken Heart (1633). She drops dead of a broken heart after an extraordinary ballroom scene during which, with apparent calm and while continuing her dance, she listens to the announcement of the deaths, one after another, of her father, lover, and brother. Calebas. In Greek legend, the wisest soothsayer who accompanied the expedition against Troy. Calcutta. The capital of Bengal, India. Calder, Sir Robert (1745-1818). A British admiral who fought an indecisive naval battle with the Franco-Spanish fleet in 1805, and was severely blamed for not continuing the action to the finish. Calderon. Pedro Calderon (1600-81), a Spanish

dramatist.

Caleb Williams. A famous political novel by William Godwin (1756-1836), published in 1794. Caledon; Caledonia; Caledonie. Ancient and poetical names for Scotland.

Caliban. A deformed savage slave of Prospero, in Shakspere's The Tempest.

Calidore. A courteous knight in Spenser's The Faerie Queene.

Caligula. A Roman emperor (37-41 A. D.). Calne in Wiltshire. A mystification for Ottery St. Mary in Devonshire, England, the early home of Coleridge. Calpe. The ancient name of Gibraltar. Calvary. The place where Christ was crucified. Calypso. A nymph of Ogygia, the island on which Ulysses was shipwrecked. She detained him seven years, and promised him immortal youth if he would remain there, but he refused. Cambria, The ancient name of Wales. Cambridge. Capital of Cambridgeshire, England, and the seat of Cambridge University. Cambro-Briton. A Welshman. Cambronne. Baron Pierre Jacques de Cambronne (1770-1843), a celebrated French marshal, who commanded a division at Waterloo.

Cambusmore. The estate of a family named Buchanan, near Callander, Perthshire, Scotland. Cambyses. An ancient king of Persia. As a character in several dramas, he became proverbial for his ranting speeches.

tuguese poet.

Campania, A province in Italy.