on the 1866 they not ascertained to be true beyond all possibility of doubt. By the latter end of January, he had driven all the invaders back into the sea; and he then dismissed his brave countrymen, to return home to their farms and their families, and to carry with them, to use his own words, "the recollection of their exertions, and of the 66 success which had resulted, as a reward more grateful than any which the pomp of title or "the splendour of wealth could bestow." "The man," said he, "who slumbered ingloriously at "home will envy you the happiness which these 66 recollections will afford; still more will he envy you the gratitude of a country of freemen, whose freedom you have so eminently contri"buted to save!" 66 66 374. And no talk of half-pay; no talk of retired allowances; no talk of compensation for wounds ; no talk of a provision for widows and children; no talk of saddling the people with a DEBT to be paid by the children unborn! Thus it is that a country is defended, thus it is that a nation of freemen is distinguished from a nation of slaves! 375. This was the last battle of the war, and a very appropriate finish it was; but it was a finish of which the people of England never heard a word. There was something said about it in the London Gazette; but said in a way to attract no attention; and the infamous London daily newspapers took special care to communicate no information upon the subject. We now come to that treaty, by which this disastrous and bloody war was put an end to; and when I have inserted that treaty, nothing will remain, but the performance of a most sacred duty; namely, recording the conduct of the two nations; the moral conduct of the two nations, during this war; and, particularly, their conduct, respectively, with regard to prisoners of war. Treaty of Peace and Amity between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. His His Britannic Majesty, and the United states of America, desirous of terminating the war which has unhappily sub sisted between the two countries, and of restoring, upo principles of perfect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and good understanding, between them, have, for that purpose, ap pointed their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Britannic Majesty, on his part, has appointed the Right Honou able James Lord Gambier, late admiral of the white, now admiral of the red squadron of his Majesty's fleet, Henry Goulburn, esquire, a member of the Imperial Parliament, ani under secratary of state, and William Adams, esquire, dccter of civil laws: And the president of the United States, by with the advice and consent of the senate thereof, has ap pointed John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay, Jonathan Russel, and Albert Gallatin, citizens of the United States, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respec tíve full powers, have agreed upon the following articles: ART. 1. There shall be a firm and universal peace between his Britannic Majesty and the United States, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people of every degree, without exception of places or per sons. All hostilities, both by sea and land, shall cease us soon as this treaty shall have been ratified by both parties, as hereinafter mentioned. All territory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other, during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, T excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property. And all archives, records, deeds, and papers, either of a public nature, or belonging to private persons, which in the course of the war may have fallen into the hands of the officers of either party, shall be, as far as may be practicable forthwith restored and delivered to the proper authorities and persons to whom they respectively belong. Such of the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy as are claimed by both parties, shall remain in the possession of the party in whose occupation. they may be at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, until the decision respecting the title to the said islands shall have been made in conformity with the fourth article of this treaty. No disposition made by this treaty, as to such possession of the islands and territories claimed by both parties, shall, in any manner whatever, be construed to affect the right of either. ART. 2. Immediately after the ratifications of this treaty by both parties, as hereinafter mentioned, orders shall be sent to the armies, squadrons, officers, subjects, and citizens, of the two powers, to cease from all hostilities; and, to prevent all causes of complaint which might arise on account of the prizes which may be taken at sea after the said ratifications of this treaty, it is reciprocally agreed, that all vessels and effects which may be taken after the space of twelve days from the said ratifications, upon all parts of the coast of North America, from the latitude of twenty-three degrees north, to the latitude of fifty degrees north, and as far eastward in the Atlantic Ocean as the thirty-sixth degree of west longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, shall be restored on each side: That the time shall be thirty days in all other parts of the Atlantic Ocean, north of the equinoctial line or equator, and the same time for the British and Irish channels, for the Gulf of Mexico, and all parts of the West Indies; forty days for the North Seas, for the Baltic, and for all parts of the Mediterranean; sixty days for the Atlantic Ocean south of the equator, as far as the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope; ninety days for every other part of the world south of the equator; and one hundred and twenty days for all other parts of the world, without excep tion. ART. 3. All prisoners of war taken on either side, as well by land as by sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the ratifications of this treaty, as hereinafter mentioned, on their paying the debts which they may have contracted during their captivity. The two contracting parties respectively engage to discharge, in specie, the advances which may have been made by the other for the sustenance and maintenance of such prisoners. ART. 4. Whereas it was stipulated by the second article in the treaty of peace, of one thousand seven hundred and eighty three, between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, that the boundary of the United States should com prehend all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the shores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due east from the points where the aforesaid boundaries, between Nova Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the other, shall respectively touch the Bay of Fundy, and the Atlantic Ocean, excepting such islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits of Nova Scotia; and whereas the several islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, and the island of Grand Menan, in the said Bay of Fundy, are claimed by the United States, as being comprehended within their aforesaid bounda ries, which said islands are claimed as belonging to his Bri tannic Majesty, as having been at the time of, and previous to, the aforesaid treaty of 1783, within the limits of the province of Nova Scotia ; in order, therefore, finally to decide upon these claims, it is agreed that they shall be referred to two commissioners to be appointed in the following manner, viz. one commissioner shall be appointed by his Britannic Majesty, and one by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the senate thereof, and the said two commissioners so appointed shall be sworn impar tially to examine and decide upon the said claims, according to such evidence as shall be laid before them on the part of his Bri tannic Majesty and of the United States respectively. The said commissioners shall meet at St. Andrews, in the province of New Brunswick, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. The said commissioners shall, by a declaration or report, under their hands and seals, decide to which of the two contracting parties the several islands aforesaid do respectively b long, in conformity with the true intent of the said treaty of peace of 1783. And if the said commissioners shall agree in their decision, both parties shall consider such decision as final and conclusive. It is further agreed, that in the event of the two commissioners differing upon all or any of the matters so referred to them, or in the event of both or either of the said commissioners refusing, or declining, or wilfully omitting, to act as such, they shall make, jointly or separately, a report or reports, as well to the government of bis Britannic Majesty as to that of the United States, stating, in detail, the points on which they differ, and the grounds upon which their respective opinions have been formed, or the grounds upon which they, or either of them, have so refused, declined, or omitted to act. And his Britannic Majesty, and the government of the United States, hereby agree to refer the report or reports of the said commissioners, to some friendly sovereign or state, to be then named for that purpose, and who shall be requested to decide on the differences which may be stated in the said report or reports, or upon the report of one commissioner, together with the grounds upon which the other commissioner shall have refused, dec'ined, or omitted to act, as the case may be. And if the commissioner so refusing, declining, or omitting to act, shall also wilfully omit to state the grounds upon which he has so done, in such manner that the said statement may be referred to such friendly sovereign or state, together with the report of such other commissioner, then such sovereign or state shall decide, ex parte, upon the said report alone. And his Britannic Majesty and the government of the United States engage to consider the decision of such friendly sovereign or state to be final and conclusive on all the matters so referred to. ART. 5. Whereas neither that point of the islands lying due north from the source of the river St. Croix, and desig nated, in the former treaty of peace between the two powers FF |