shape, with the keeper's dwelling at the southwest corner of it. The building is painted red, with light-gray trimmings.

Coast. From Capones Point the coast trends south and east for about 8 miles and includes the small bays Calaguaguin, Talisain, and Nazasa. They are of little importance and only known as anchorages. They are open to the west and southwest and are easy of access. There are no dangers in their vicinity, except a small bank mile southwesterly from the northern point of Nazasa Bay and the small islands, Tabones, which lie about 1 mile N. 60° W. from the same point. These islands are bare and much underworn by the sea.

Port Silanguin* lies 9 miles S. 17° E. from Capones Point. About 1 mile southwesterly from Silanguin Island, which forms the southern side of the entrance, are six small islets called Los Frailes, adjoining each other and surrounded by rocks. Rocks are reported to extend 1 to 14 miles westward of these islets, but this report has not been verified. There is a deep channel wide between Silanguin Island and Los Frailes Islets. Port Silanguin is about mile wide at the entrance and about 2 miles deep, having tolerable shelter from all except westerly winds.

Silanguin Island is 482 feet high, round, and bare, and joined to the mainland by a narrow reef of rocks.

The coast from Silanguin Island to Subic Bay is high and moderately steep-to.

Sampaloc and Biniptican Points are the southernmost and most prominent on the peninsula forming the west side of Subic Bay. Sueste Point, about 1 mile northeast from Biniptican, is high and steep.

Light. A sixth-order lightning-flashing light, showing a white flash every second, is shown from a white cylindrical iron tower near the highest land on Sueste Point. It is 26 feet above the ground, 190 feet above mean high water, and is visible 20 miles over an arc of 192° from N. 48° E. to S. 36° W.

SUBIC BAY✶ is an irregular-shaped body of water extending about 8 miles a general northerly direction with a width of about 3 miles. Its western shore is comparatively straight and bold, with no dangers, extending over mile offshore. The eastern shore is indented by numerous small bays which are of no importance except the largest, Port Olongapo.

The bay affords good anchorage in several places, especially off Subic and in Port Olongapo, the inner harbor of which is a good typhoon shelter.

Subic, at the head of the bay, is a town of some commercial importance and communicates with Manila several times a week by means of a small

CAPONES POINT-PAMOCAN POINT.

63

commercial steamer. Olongapo, on the spit separating the inner and outer harbor at Port Olongapo, is small and of little importance. The United States naval station is situated on the extremity of the spit.

Grande Island, 167 feet high, with a small, low island about mile southward connected by a reef, divide the entrance into two channels, the western one, about 1 miles wide, being the one in general use. The eastern channel is obstructed by reefs extending from the islands and from Camayan Point, abreast them, and should not be attempted except with local knowledge.

A shoal with a least known depth of 4 fathoms liesmile S. 11° E. (S. 12° E. mag.) from the small island south of Grande Island.

Mayanga Island lies in the middle of the bay about 3 miles northward of Grande Island. It is small and from it shoals extend northward mile and southeastward mile, the end of the latter being marked by a black buoy.

Pequeña Island, a little over mile long north and south, lies about 14 miles northward of Mayanga Island. It is 180 feet high and surrounded by shoals extending southward mile toward Mayanga Island and over mile westward. Northeastward shoal water extends to the

eastern shore of the bay.

Port Olongapo,* situated about the middle of the eastern shore of the bay, is about 13 miles wide at the entrance and extends eastward a little over that distance. In the northeast part is a small basin about mile long and mile wide with a narrow channel leading through the shoals southeast of Rivera Point. This channel is buoyed and in addition two triangular white beacons have been placed on Magdalan Bluff to lead through. Good holding ground and shelter in any weather may be had in the inner basin.

Calaclan Point, the north point at the entrance is low, but rises rapidly to a height of 354 feet. On its outer end is a star-shaped beacon painted white with a black center.

From Calaclan Point to Rivera Point, at the entrance to the inner harbor, the shore is low and sandy with low, marshy ground behind it. The buildings of the naval station on Rivera Point are prominent.

Cubi Point, the south point at the entrance, is a bluff point 88 feet high. From it a shoal with depths of 1 fathoms and less extends about mile northwestward, its outer end being marked by a red nun buoy. Pamocan Point, mile southward of Cubi Point, is also bluff and from it shoals extend westward for § mile. A small coral shoal, with 3 fathoms over it, lies 1 mile west-northwest from the point and is marked by a red nun buoy.

*C. and G. S. chart No. 4254, Subic Bay and Port Silanguin.

Caiman Shoal lies nearly in the center of the outer harbor, is small in area and partly awash, and is marked by a white stone beacon, a truncated tower about 20 feet high and 6 feet diameter at the base.

Carrasco Shoal, is a small shoal patch lying about Caiman Shoal beacon and is not marked.

mile south of

Directions. In entering Subic Bay, vessels should steer so as to pass mile westward of Grande Island.

If bound to Subic, when the northern end of Grande Island bears East, (N. 89° E. mag.) steer N. 11° E. (N. 10° E. mag.), heading for Pequeña Island, until Mayanga Island bears East (N. 89° E. mag.), distant mile. Then steer N. 15° W. (N. 16° W.) so as to pass not less than mile westward of Pequeña Island. When the north point of the island bears East (N. 89° E. mag.) change course to N. 29° E. (N. 28° E. mag.), heading for the town of Subic, and anchor off the mouth of the Guagadi River on the western side of the town. In anchoring care must be taken to avoid the shoals making out between Cabangan Point, at the mouth of the river, and Apalit Point, the next point westward.

If bound to Olongapo, when the northern end of Grande Island bears East (N. 89° E. mag.), distant mile, steer N. 47° E. (N. 46° E. mag.), heading for the beacon on Calaclan Point, and passing mile westward of the red buoys marking the detached shoal off Pamocan Point and the shoal off Cubi Point. Continue the course until the conspicuous white spot, Mancha Blanca, on the next bluff eastward of Nagcaban Point is well open, when haul eastward so as to pass mile northward of Caiman Shoal beacon. Anchor south of the navy-yard in 12 to 13 fathoms, muddy bottom, with the beacon bearing West (S. 89° W. mag.). For vessels discharging cargo and not intending to enter the inner harbor a good berth is close in toward the navy-yard, with Caiman Shoal beacon bearing S. 45° W. (S. 44° W. mag.), in 53 fathoms of water.

To enter the inner harbor, after passing Caiman Shoal beacon, steer S. 45° E. (S. 46° E. mag.) until the range marks on Magdalan Bluff are on, when they may be steered for. These marks are two white board triangles with vertical black stripes. The channel between the shoals off Rivera Point is marked by a red buoy on the starboard side and one or two black buoys on the port. The channel is narrow and the range should be carefully held in case the buoys are gone or out of position. There is good anchorage anywhere in the inner harbor, near the navy-yard. There is 2 fathoms of water alongside the wreck of the Marquis de la Victoria.

Port Binanga is the first bight southward of the entrance to Subic Bay. Small vessels may anchor here, in 4 or 5 fathoms, sheltered from all winds except those from westward. To enter, steer East (N. 89° E. mag.), in about midchannel, and anchor in 4 fathoms. The shore is bold except in the eastern part of the bay.

CAIMAN SHOAL-MARIVELES HARBOR.

65

Coast.* From Port Binanga the coast trends south for 4 miles, and is low, wooded, and bordered by a reef. The most recent Spanish chart shows a submerged rock lying S. 60° W. (S. 59° W. mag.) from the town of Moron, about 1 miles from the coast. Thence the coast runs southeasterly for 4 miles to Napo Point, off which there is an islet joined to the point by a reef. From Napo Point the coast trends east-southeast for 4 miles and then nearly south for 7 miles to Luzon Point, thus forming a bight, named Bagac Bay, at the head of which is the town of Bagac. Anchorage may be had off the town of Bagac, near the mole, in 5 to 11 fathoms of water, care being taken to avoid a shoal patch with a least depth of 2 fathoms, lying nearly 1 mile west-southwest from the town.

Luzon Point is rocky and peaked, of moderate height, and bordered by a reef extending out mile. The coast from this point trends in an eastsoutheasterly direction for about 12 miles to Los Cochinos and is indented by several small bays.

Guay Bay, the largest of these, affords good anchorage in the northeast monsoon and is frequented by vessels waiting for a fair wind to enter Manila Bay.

Los Cochinos are 5 rocks, 20 to 70 feet high, which extend nearly mile south and southeast of Cochinos Point, and are steep-to.

Guardia Shoal. A small shoal, with a least depth of 7 feet, lies 350 yards S. 9° W. from Monti Rocks, the most easterly of Los Cochinos. Guardia Shoal is very abrupt, 6 to 14 fathoms being found close-to on all sides.

MARIVELES HARBOR is located on the northwest side of the entrance to Manila Bay and is about northwest by west from Corregidor Island. The harbor is about 13 miles long and 14 miles wide, and on the southwest and northeast sides the shore is very abrupt. The harbor is free from danger, except on the north side, where the 4-fathom curve is about mile offshore, and Guardia Shoal, on the west side of the entrance. The Quarantine Station for Manila is located in the northwest part of the harbor and has a wharf with 25 to 28 feet alongside. There is a green light on the wharf maintained by the quarantine authorities. There is a red buoy southward of the wharf, to mark the limit of the 4-fathom curve, and a white buoy 200 yards southeasterly from the northern end of the wharf. Fresh water can be procured here. Typhoon signals are shown from a staff on the water tank. Mariveles is an excellent harbor, easy of access, and affords good shelter. The soundings decrease regularly from 18 fathoms at the entrance to 10 fathoms at the head of the harbor.

* C. and G. S. chart No. 4255, Manila Bay and coast of Luzon to Capones Islands. C. and G. S. chart No. 4249, Port Mariveles.

36147-5

MANILA BAY.

MANILA BAY* is pear-shaped, about 30 miles in length and the same in breadth at the upper end. The entrance is about 10 miles in breadth, with Corregidor and Caballo Islands situated on the northern side of the main fairway. The depths range from over 30 fathoms at the entrance to 13 and 14 in the center, decreasing gradually to the shore. It affords good anchorage for all classes of vessels, but loading and discharging cargo is interrupted at times by strong winds, especially during the southwest monsoon period. Large vessels load and discharge by lighters, but those whose draft permits enter the Pasig River and lay alongside the seawalls. On account of the great extent of the bay the typhoons at times prove disastrous to shipping.

The land at the entrance is high and covered with vegetation, while the shores at the head of the bay are low, marshy, and intersected by numerous small rivers, estuaries, and tidal lakes.

There are several small towns on the western shore, among which are Limay, Orion, Pilar, Balanga, Samal, and Orani; these are of little commercial importance but have local steamer communication with Manila.

From Mariveles the north shore trends eastward about 3 miles to Lasisi Point, then northeastward about 4 miles to Limay Point, and is composed of steep rocky bluffs of moderate height, fronted by foul ground extending fromtomile offshore. A shoal, with a depth of 2 fathoms, is reported to lie 1 mile east-northeast from Cabcabe Point, but its existence is considered doubtful. Beyond this point the shores are low and marshy to and around the head of the bay. The north shore of the bay is the delta of the Pampanga River, and is intersected by a large number of the channels leading into the main stream. Some of these are navigable and are used by small light-draft steamers with local knowledge plying between Manila and the towns situated on them, among which are Calumpit, Bulacan, Hagonoy, and Bacolor.

Limbones Point, the south point at the entrance to the bay, is rocky and about 220 feet high. Limbones Island, 160 feet high and rocky, lies immediately off the point. Carabao Island, 140 feet high and rocky, lies about 2 miles northeast from Limbones Island. Between them is Limbones Cove, 2 miles long. From Limbones Point the coast is high with numerous cliffs nearly to the Marigondon River, which forms the eastern boundary of the high land on the south side of Manila Bay about 6 miles eastward of Carabao Island. Beyond this point the shores are low and marshy to the head of the bay.

Along the southern shore are several small towns of little commercial importance which communicate with Manila by light-draft steamers. Among these are Naic, on the Naic River, Rosario, Cavite, the site of the naval station, and Bacoor.