TALAGA VILLAGE-SAMPANMANGIO POINT.

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Datum Rock, only covered at the highest springs, lies on the edge of a bank fronting the shore westward of the wharf. A patch of 3 fathoms lies 300 yards southeast from the rock and southwest from the wharf, and a small shoal covered by 34 fathoms about mile S. 64° W. (S. 62° W. mag.) from Gueritz Rock.

Tigasamil Spit extends 700 yards northeastward of the point of the same name, with depths of about 4 feet, increasing to 1 and 2 fathoms at 400 yards beyond, with 11 and 12 fathoms close-to. A reef, which dries, extends 400 yards northward of the point within Tigasamil, with Tern Rock 4 feet high close to its eastern edge.

Directions. After passing Kalampunian Island, the coast should not be approached within 2 miles, and when abreast of First Point a remarkable hill will be seen southward of Kudat Harbor. This hill, kept open of Tanjong Tigasamil, bearing S. 19° W. (S. 17° W. mag.), will lead eastward of the spit extending from Second Point, and of Sandilands. Rock; and when Johnstone Bluff at the head of Kudat Harbor bears N. 85° W. (N. 87° W. mag.) it may be steered for, passing between the pile beacon light on Sandilands Rock and Tigasamil Spit. A course may then be shaped for the anchorage, taking care to avoid Gueritz Rock. In entering at night and having passed southward of Sandilands Rock, continue westward and anchor according to draft; if bound to the wharf the red light on the wharf may be steered for when it bears N. 9° W. (N. 11° W. mag.).

Tides. It is high water, full and change, in Kudat Harbor at about 10h; springs rise 6 to 8 feet.

Kudat, the settlement of the North Borneo Company, is situated on the north point of the entrance to the harbor.

Climate. The mean maximum temperature is 87°, and the mean minimum is 74°. From May to August the temperature reaches 92° at times. Rainfall is about 130 inches. December to March are the most rainy months, about 85 inches falling in that period; the remainder is distributed over the other months. The southwest monsoon is the most unhealthy period at Kudat; fever is then prevalent and rather severe; during the opposite season, with the wind from the sea, it is almost absent.

Wharf.-Vessels of 16 feet draft can lie afloat at the wharf at the southeast end of the town.

Supplies. The water supply is not good. Cattle and vegetables are usually obtainable. A small supply of coal is kept here.

SAMPANMANGIO POINT, the northern extremity of Borneo Island and the western entrance point to Maruda Bay, in lat. 7° 02′ N., long.

C. and G. S. charts Nos. 4309, 4720.

116° 45′ E., is readily distinguished by the tall casuarinas, which rise from its grassy bluff, and by the island of Kalampunian off it.

Kalampunian Island, 1 mile northward of Sampanmangio Point, is of sandstone formation, similar to the nearest bluff of that point, and risés abruptly from a flat to the height of 40 feet. The flat is of considerable extent and composed of detached reefs.

There is a safe channel nearly mile wide between it and the main having depths of 7 and 8 fathoms. The dangers are visible and are easily avoided by a careful lookout from aloft.

Shoal. The American ship Big Bonanza, 17 feet draft of water, struck on a shoal having depths of 15 fathoms a short distance from it.

From the shoal the highest part of Sampanmangio Point bore S. 80° E. (S. 82° E. mag.), and Nob Islet S. 8° W. (S. 6° W. mag.) or lat. 7° 06′ N., long. 116° 24' E.

Banks of 6 and 10 fathoms are charted at about 3 and 8 miles, respectively, eastward of the above position.

Katiga Point is a black, rocky promontory about 6 miles southwestward of Sampanmangio Point; it is foul to a short distance. The shore from Sampanmangio Point to Katiga Point is fronted by reefs and rocks to about mile in places. Pertama and Kadua Points lie between; patches extend about mile northward of Pertama Point, the northern one. The Ruru River, barred by a reef, discharges northward of Katiga Point.

If bound southward from Katiga Point, a distance of not less than 3 miles from shore should be kept, it not having been surveyed. The rollers are heavy on this shore.

Agal Point (Tanjong Agal Agal), about 7 miles southwestward of Katiga Point, derives its name from a species of fucus which is collected on its rocky ledges by fishermen for sale, similar to bird's-nest and trepang. The Kurina River, navigable for boats at high water, has its entrance on a sandy beach in front of a white cliff, 3 miles northeastward of Agal Point. A few other unimportant streams discharge into the bay.

Reef. A narrow reef, studded with rocks, extends 13 miles N. 77° W. (N. 79° W. mag.) from Agal Point, and is steep-to on both sides, the lead affording no warning.

Batomande Rock, composed of yellow sandstone, 40 feet high, lies nearly 2 miles from Agal Point on the same bearing as the reef; its surrounding reef is steep-to and separated by a narrow channel from Agal Point.

Ganda Head is a rocky bluff situated about 5 miles southward of Agal Point.

KALAMPUNIAN ISLAND-THREE-FOOT ROCK.

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Agal Bay lies midway between Agal Point and Ganda Head. It is nearly 1 mile wide but blocked by reefs extending from both shores; the Garu River and Fishermans Creek discharge into its head, which is shallow. The bay is said to afford secure anchorage for small craft during the northeast monsoon period.

A patch of 3 fathoms lies 1 mile southwestward of the north point of Agal Bay, not far from the edge of the reef fronting the point.

Bisa Island or Black Peninsula, about 9 miles southwestward of Agal Point, is high, composed of black basalt crowned by trees, and connected with the main by a narrow isthmus over which boats may be hauled. The shores on both sides are rocky, but fairly protected from the swell. The coast between Agal Point and Bisa Island recedes about 2 miles eastward forming a large bay, in the middle of the entrance of which are situated White Rocks and White Rocks Reef. The shores of this bay have not been examined, but two reefs with rocks above water southwestward of Pirate River are charted from to mile offshore; Pirate River has a conical rock named Beehive off its mouth.

White Rocks, situated 3 miles N. 25° E. (N. 23° E. mag.) from Bisa Island, and 2 miles from the shore, consist of two rocks surrounded by a reef extending 2 miles in a north by east direction and nearly 1 mile in breadth. On the northern part of this reef there are several rocks above and below water, named White Rocks Reef.

A doubtful shoal, with depths of 4 fathoms and 10 to 12 fathoms around, lies 4 miles northward of White Rocks and 13 miles S. 70° W. (S. 68° W. mag.) from Ganda Head; shoaler water may exist here.

Gasap Point is about 3 miles southwestward of Bisa Island. The point a little northward of it is fronted by a reef, with rocks upon it to the distance of about 4 mile and steep-to; the coast on either side is fronted by the shore reef to about 600 yards in places; landing is difficult.

Kranga Point, situated 34 miles southwestward of Sampanmangio Point and 8 miles from Bisa Island, is fronted by a reef studded with rocks to a distance of mile. On this reef near the point are the two Ant Islets. About mile beyond the reef are the Ant Rocks, an isolated group of rocks above water and steep-to.

Three-foot Rock, on which the sea breaks, is awash at low-water springs, steep-to, and lies 3 miles from the land, with the outer Ant Islet bearing N. 64° E. (N. 62° E. mag.), distant 4 miles, and Usukan Island just open of the land about Sak Point southward; if these objects overlap, a vessel will pass outside of the rock. Vessels navigating in this neighborhood during the night should not come inside of 20 fathoms.

C. and G. S. chart No. 4720.