Table 31.-Exports of Paper and Board, by Classes, 1922-36—Continued Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States (domestic exports). 5, 342, 200 8, 550, 000 3,020,900 55, 151, 100 1,803, 300 22, 296, 400 8.406, 800 54, 399, 100 11, 382, 700 2.359, 200 1,095, 500 284,900 25, 293, 900 7 1, 127, 200 13, 798, 600 11, 302, 300 797,800 4, 159, 200 3,534, 900 Table 32.-Exports of Paper to Various Regions, by Value (Yearly Averages by 5-Year Periods), 1901-35 Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States (domestic exports). 71424-38-7 Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States (domestic exports), 1918 to 1921 inclusive; Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States, 1913 to 1917, inclusive; Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce and Finance of the United States, 1900 to 1912, inclusive. Table 34.-Exports of Wood Pulp, by Classes, 1922-361 1 Figures showing exports of wood pulp by class not available prior to 1922. 1 Comparable figures not available for years prior to 1910. The item "Overissue newspapers," previously included in this classification, was transferred to paper schedule in 1929. Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States (domestic exports) 1918-36: Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States, 1913-17; Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce and Finance of the United States, 1910-12. 1 Not shown separately prior to 1922. Converted from cubic feet to cords on the basis of 90 cubic feet to the cord. Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States (domestic exports). C.-GLOSSARY AND LISTS GLOSSARY OF PULP AND PAPER TERMS The following glossary, while not in any sense complete, is presented in order to clarify some of the terms commonly used in the pulp and paper industry. Absorbent paper. An unsized, loosely felted paper made to absorb water or other liquid. May be made of either rag or wood fibers specially cooked to make them soft. Blotting paper, filter paper, toweling, facial tissue, and sanitary napkins are in this class. Bag paper. Any paper used for bags. Usually a kraft paper because of the strength factor, but may be a glassine, wood manila, sulphite wrapping, or even a tissue paper. Bagasse. The stalk of the sugarcane after it has been crushed and the sugar removed. Bagasse is a byproduct of the cane-sugar industry, and is used by at least one large company in the manufacture of insulating board. Binder's board.-A single-ply, solid board made on a wet machine from mixed papers and generally used in book covers. Blotting paper. An unsized, loosely felted, absorbent paper used for blotting purposes. Originally made from a good grade of rag pulp, is now largely made of chemical wood pulp. Board. A general classification designating the product of a paper machine 0.012 inch or more in thickness. It is made principally on a cylinder or wet machine from wood pulp, straw, and waste papers, and may contain rags or other fibrous materials. Among the common requirements are strength, durability, stiffness, or flexibility, and a surface adapted to printing. Bond paper. A writing paper, hard-sized and designed for pen-and-ink use. It is quite generally used by the business office for letterheads, legal documents, and other uses where writing quality, appearance, and strength are important. Book paper. A printing paper used, as the name signifies, for books, magazines, and similar purposes. May be coated or uncoated. Boxboard. Any board used for paper boxes or cartons. Made of mixed paper stock, chemical pulp, or straw pulp. It is essentially of three classes: (1) container board, (2) set-up boxboard, or (3) folding boxboard. Bristol board. A general term applied to certain types of cardboard having a thickness of 0.006 inch, or more. There are three classes of bristols: (1) Fourdrinier bristol, (2) cylinder bristol, and (3) wedding bristol, a pasted sheet. Building paper.-A heavy paper designed to prevent the infiltration of air and moisture in building construction. It includes sheathing paper, roofing paper, and felt papers. Cardboard. A class of heavy papers made on either a Fourdrinier or a multicylinder machine, or by pasting two or more plies together. Cardboard may be coated or uncoated. Chipboard. A board used for many purposes where high finish and strength are unnecessary. It is made from waste papers, usually mixed papers, and may be a solid board or may be lined on one or both sides with a different grade of stock. Cigarette paper. An unsized tissue paper, usually made from cotton, linen, or hemp fibers, used in the manufacture of cigarettes. Coated paper.-Paper which has been coated with clay or other mineral substance and an adhesive, usually casein. Coated paper is used in books, magazines, and catalogs, where a smooth surface suitable for halftones is desired. Corrugating material.-A board, generally 0.009 inch in thickness, used for the corrugated or fluted sheet of double-faced corrugated boxes. Generally made of straw, kraft, chestnut, or similar pulps. Cover paper.-A chemical wood pulp or rag paper used for the covers of pamphlets, books, catalogs, and the like. Containerboard.—A built-up board consisting of "jute" or kraft liners for the outer surfaces and chipboard or a corrugated medium for the center. Used in the manufacture of shipping containers. Engine sized. Any paper in which the sizing is added to the pulp before the paper is made. Esparto. A grass of southern Spain and northern Africa which is used in Great Britain and Europe as a source of pulp for book paper. Felt. A bulky, rough, cheap paper designed for saturating or sound deadening. Usually made from low-grade rags and mixed papers. Folding boxboard.-A term applied to any grade of board that can be made into folding boxes without breaking or cracking. Glassine. A supercalendered, glossy, transparent paper made by the longcontinued beating of sulphite pulp. This long beating so changes the pulp fibers that they become almost gelatinous. Glassine is highly transparent and is used in window envelopes, in transparent bags, and as a wrapping material. Greaseproof. A paper resistant to oil or grease, used largely for wrapping foods and other products of a greasy nature. Usually of sulphite pulp, well beaten. Does not include the waxed papers. Parchment paper is a greaseproof paper. stone. Groundwood.-A pulp made mechanically by grinding wood against a grindHanging paper. A ground-wood-sulphite paper made primarily for printing into wallpaper. Kraft pulp.-An unbleached wood pulp, usually brown in color and of superior strength. It is made by the sulphate process. Kraft paper. A paper made of unbleached sulphate pulp which, because of its strength and toughness, makes an excellent wrapping or bag paper. Leatherboard.-A solid type of board made from pulped scrap leather, with or without the addition of other fibers. Lignin. One of the two chief components of wood, the other being cellulose. The cellulose fibers make up the portion used for paper making. Loft dried. A paper dried without tension by hanging in a drying shed or loft, subsequent to tub sizing. Manila. A term used to designate a characteristic light-brown color formerly associated with manila fibers. Matrix paper.-A heavy, unsized, unfinished paper used to make the mats into which the melted type metal is poured when printing-press plates are cast. Mechanical pulp. Synonymous with ground wood. Newsprint paper.-A low-grade printing paper made principally of ground-wood pulp and containing approximately 20 percent of unbleached sulphite pulp. Overissue news.-Printed newspapers from the publishing plants which have never gone into circulation, hence are clean. Should not be confused with old newspapers. Pasteboard. A term applied to both boards and cardboards that are formed by pasting a liner on cheap stock. The term is popularly used to denote any stiff board of medium thickness. Pressboard. A stiff, smooth, hard-surfaced, solid board which approaches vulcanized fiber in texture. Resin. The sticky substance found in the resin ducts of the pines and certain other softwoods. Sometimes found, too, in pockets in these same woods. Size. A material, such as rosin or glue, added to the mixture of pulp and water in the beater, or to the finished paper, to give water resistance. Soda pulp.-A chemically made wood pulp in which the cellulose fibers are separated from the wood structure by cooking in a solution of caustic soda. Strawboard. A cheap, coarse board made of incompletely cooked grain straw, commonly used as a corrugating medium for corrugated shipping containers. Tub-sized. A term applied to paper which has been passed through a bath of glue or starch and subsequently air or loft dried. The glue or starch improves the quality of the paper. READING REFERENCES The following list of references on pulp, paper, and paper products is presented as an aid to readers who may desire to follow further along a particular line of thought than space in this publication permits. It is in no way meant to be exhaustive, and is submitted only for the helpfulness it may be to those who seek such aid. Book Paper: Book Paper Industry. Senate Document 79, 65th Congress, 1st session. 1917. (A Federal Trade Commission publication.) Boards Insulating, Fiber, Building, etc.: Cornstalk Acoustical Board. Bulletin 137, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 1937. Exploded Wood (Masonite). ton, D. C. 1928. American Forests and Forest Life, Washing |