The Land and Labour of India: A ReviewWilliams and Norgate, 1867 - 260페이지 |
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acre admit adopted advantage Assam and Cachar Bengal British Government British India Calcutta capital cent Chittagong circumstances civilization Collector condition considered Coolies cotton cultivation Darjeeling disposal districts of India duty emigration England English Englishmen Europe European existing famine favour foreign Government of India grant Hindoo Hucks idea interest Jones jungle Kangra king labour land in India land revenue laws Lord Lord Metcalfe Madras Majesty's Government means measure ment millions Mohammadan nations native necessity object obtain opinion Orissa persons planters population portion present principles produce profits progress proprietary right proprietors province Punjab purchase question redemption regard rent-free res nullius result rights of property rule ryots sell settlement settlers society soil square miles tenure things tion tracts true vernment waste lands wealth whole wholly Zemindars
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107 페이지 - ... the right of property except the Occupant. The Occupant in short, becomes the owner, because all things are presumed to be somebody's property and because no one can be pointed out as having a better right than he to the proprietorship of this particular thing.
112 페이지 - Cshatriyas (the military cast) for the sake of protection, because of their protective property ; successively held by powerful conquerors, and not by subjects cultivating the soil. But annual property is acquired by subjects, on payment of annual revenue, and the king cannot lawfully give, sell, or dispose of the land to another for that year. But if the agreement be in this form, " you shall enjoy it for years...
149 페이지 - The Governor-General in Council trusts that the proprietors of land, sensible of the benefits conferred upon them by the public assessment being fixed for ever, will exert themselves in the cultivation of their lands, under the certainty that they will enjoy exclusively the fruits of their own good management and industry...
11 페이지 - In a year the wings were finished; and on a morning appointed the maker appeared furnished for flight on a little promontory. He waved his pinions a while to gather air, then leaped from his stand, and in an instant dropped into the lake.
149 페이지 - ... enjoy exclusively the fruits of their own good management and industry, and that no demand will ever be made upon them, or their heirs or successors, by the present or any future Government, for an augmentation of the public assessment in consequence of the improvement of their respective estates.
131 페이지 - Monthly interest is declared to be an eightieth part of the principal, if a pledge be given ; an eighth part is added, if there be only a surety ; and if there be neither pledge nor surety, two in the hundred may be taken from a debtor of tlie sacerdotal class.^ " An eightieth part ;
129 페이지 - ... The village communities are little republics, having nearly everything they can want within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations. They seem to last where nothing else lasts. Dynasty after dynasty tumbles down ; revolution succeeds to revolution ; Hindoo, Patan, Mogul, Mahratta, Sikh, English, are all masters in turn ; but the village community remains the same.
228 페이지 - Below lies the plain, a picture of rural loveliness and repose. The surface is covered with the richest cultivation, irrigated by streams which descend from perennial snows, and interspersed with homesteads buried in the midst of groves and fruit trees. Turning from this scene of peaceful beauty, the stern and majestic hills confront us. Their sides are furrowed with precipitous water-courses ; forests of oaks clothe their flanks, and, higher up, give place to gloomy and funereal pines.
150 페이지 - IV. the expense of the rights of a million of under-tenants, but were told that " to conduct themselves with good faith and moderation towards their dependent talookdars and ryots, are duties at all times indispensably required from the proprietors of land ; and...
178 페이지 - Sing in 1780 down to 1826, that they had almost given up cultivation, and lived on jungle roots and plants, and famine and pestilence carried off thousands that had escaped the sword and captivity. All men of rank, the heads of the Great Ahom and priestly families, had retired to one district, Gowalparra, having, with little exception, lost the whole of their property.