The Uses of Literature: Life in the Socialist Chinese Literary System

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Princeton University Press, 2000. 3. 5. - 387ÆäÀÌÁö

Why do people in socialist China read and write literary works? Earlier studies in Western Sinology have approached Chinese texts from the socialist era as portraits of society, as keys to the tug-of-war of dissent, or, more recently, as pursuit of "pure art." The Uses of Literature looks broadly and empirically at these and many other "uses" of literature from the points of view of authors, editors, political authorities, and several kinds of readers. Perry Link, author of Evening Chats in Beijing, considers texts ranging from elite "misty" poetry to underground hand-copied volumes (shouchauben) and shows in concrete detail how people who were involved with literature sought to teach, learn, enjoy, explore, debate, lead, control, and resist.


Using the late 1970s and early 1980s as an entree to the workings of China's "socialist literary system," the author shows how that system held sway from 1950 until around 1990, when an encroaching market economy gradually but fundamentally changed it. In addition to providing a definitive overview of how the socialist Chinese literary system worked, Link offers comparisons to the similar system in the Soviet Union. In the final chapter, the book seeks to explain how the word "good" was used and understood when applied to literary works in such systems.


Combining aspects of cultural and literary studies, The Uses of Literature will reward anyone interested in the literature of modern China or how creativity is affected by a "socialist literary system."

 

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INTRODUCTION
3
Historical Setting
13
Warming 19761979
15
Cooling 19801983
22
Perspectives
36
The Mechanics of Literary Control
56
WHAT WAS CONTROLLED?
59
THE LITERARY CONTROL SYSTEM
63
STAGE FILM RADIO AND TELEVISION
198
Readers The Popular Level
210
READERSHIP AUDIENCE GROUPS The Mass Audience
212
POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT
220
Readers Socially Engaged Level
247
INTRUSIVE POLITICS
252
SPECIAL PRIVILEGE AND ABUSE OF POWER
256
PERVASIVE CORRUPTION
258

THE MECHANICS OF RELAXATION
68
THE MECHANICS OF TIGHTENING
81
SOVIET COMPARISONS
97
Writers
104
THE MODERN CRISIS AND THE IDEA OF A PATH
106
ESTABLISHING NATIONAL GUIDELINES
108
EFFECTS OF THE ANTIRIGHTIST CAMPAIGN
110
MAOIST UTOPIANISM IN COMMAND
113
KINDS AND GROUPS OF WRITERS
116
THE WRITERS ASSOCIATION
118
GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES
122
LIVELIHOOD
129
DISSENT
138
PURPOSES
142
Media and Market
167
RESTRICTED SEMIOFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL
183
STYLES OF BUREAUCRATISM
261
THE NEED FOR RULE OF LAW
268
THE PROBLEM OF TRUTH
270
THE PLACE OF ROMANCE
276
The Uses of Literature
282
THE PARTY AND ITS ENGINEERING
284
PROBLEMS WITH ENGINEERING
287
RETREAT FROM ENGINEERING
292
SECONDARY USES OF ENGINEERING
294
THE VARIETY OF OTHER USES
298
TRANSCENDING USES
317
USE AND QUALITY
320
GLOSSARY
331
BIBLIOGRAPHY
337
INDEX
367
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Perry Link is Professor of East Asian Studies at Princeton University, where he teaches modern Chinese language, literature, and cultural history. His books include Mandarin Ducks and Butterflies and Evening Chats in Beijing.

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