unjuft cenfures they had fixed upon them. Their refentment against Cimon, too, foon abated, partly from the remembrance of his past services, and partly from the difficulties they lay under at the present juncture. They were beaten in the great battle fought at Tanagra, and they expected another army would come against them from Peloponnefus the next fpring. Hence it was, that they recalled Cimon from banishment, and Pericles himself was the first to propofe it. With fo much candour were differences managed then, fo moderate the refentments of men, and so eafily laid down, when the public good required it! Ambition itself, the strongest of all paffions, yielded to the interefts and neceffities of their country.

Cimon, foon after his return, put an end to the war, and reconciled the two cities. After the peace was made, he faw the Athenians could not fit down quietly, but fill wanted to be in motion, and to aggrandize themfelves by now expeditions. To prevent their exciting farther troubles in Greece, and giving a handle for inteftine wars, and heavy complaints of the allies against Athens, on account of their formidable fleets traverfing the feas about the islands, and round Peloponnefus, he fitted out a fleet of two hundred fail, to carry war again into Egypt and Cyprus. This he thought would answer two intentions; it would accuftom

*

*The hiftory of the firft expedition is this. While Cimon was employed in his enterprise against Cyprus, Inarus king of Lybia, having brought the greatest part of lower Egypt to revolt from Artaxerxes, called in the Athenians to affift him to complete his conqueft. Hereupon the Athenians quitted Cyprus, and failed into Egypt. They made themfelves matters of the Nile, and attacking Memphis, feized two of the outworks, and attempted the third, called the white wall. But the expedition proved very unfortunate. Artaxerxes fent Megabyzus with a powerful army into Egypt. He defeated the rebels and the Lybians their affociates: drove the Greeks from Memphis, fhut them up in the island of Profopitis eighteeen mouths, and at last forced them to furrender. They almoft all perished in that war, which lafted fix years. Inarus, in violation of the public faith, was crucified.

The fecond expedition was undertaken a few years after, and was not more fuccefsful. The Athenians went against Cyprus with two hundred gallies. While they were befieging Citium there, Amyrtæus the Saite applied to them for fuccours in Egypt, and Cimon fent him fixty of his gallies. Some fay he went with them himfelf; others, that he continued before Citium. But nothing of moment was tranfacted at this time to the prejudice of the Perfians in Egypt. However, in the tenth year of Darius Nothus, Amyrtæus iffued from the fens, and being join. ed by all the Egyptians, drove the Perfians out of the kingdom, and became king of the whole country. THUCYD. 1. ii. Diod. Sic. 1. xi.

accuftom the Athenians to conflicts with the barbarians, and it would improve their fubftance in an honourable manner, by bringing the rich fpoils of their natural enemies into

Greece.

When all was now ready, and the army on the point of embarking, Cimon had this dream. An angry bitch feemed to bay at him, and, fomething between barking and a human voice, to utter these words :-Come on; I and my whelps with pleafure Jhall receive thee. Though the dream. was hard to interpret, Aftyphilus the Pofidonian, a great diviner, and friend of Cimon's, told him it fignified his death. He argued thus; a dog is an enemy to the man he barks at; and no one can give his enemy greater pleasure than by his death. The mixture of the voice pointed out that the enemy was a Mede, for the armies of the Medes are compofed of Greeks and barbarians. After this dream, he had another fign in facrificing to Bacchus. When the prieft had killed the victim, a fwarm of ants took up the clotted blood by little and little, and laid it upon Cimon's great toe. This they did for fome time without any one's taking notice of it; at laft Cimon himself obferved it, and at the fame instant the foothfayer came and showed him the liver without a head.

The expedition, however, could not now be put off, and therefore he fet fail. He fent fixty of his gallies against Egypt, and with the rest made for the Afiatic coaft, where he defeated the king's fleet, confifting of Phoenician and Cilician fhips, made himfelf mafter of the cities in that circuit, and watched his opportunity to penetrate into Egypt. Every thing was great in the defigns he formed. He thought of nothing lefs than overturning the whole Perfian empire; and the rather because he was informed that Themistocles was in great reputation and power with the barbarians, and had promifed the king to take the conduct of the Grecian war, whenever he entered upon it. But Themistocles, they tell us, in defpair of managing it to any advantage, and of getting the better of the good fortune and valour of Cimon, fell by his own hand.

When Cimon had formed thefe great projects, as a first ftep towards them, he caft anchor before Cyprus. From thence he fent perfons in whom he could confide with a private question to the oracle of Jupiter Ammon; for their errand was entirely unknown. Nor did the deity return. them any answer, but immediately upon their arrival

ordered

ordered them to return, "Because Cimon," faid he, "is already with me.” The meffengers, upon this, took the road to the fea, and when they reached the Grecian camp, which was then on the coast of Egypt, they found that Cimon was dead. They then inquired what day he died, and comparing it with the time the oracle was delivered, they perceived that his departure was enigmatically pointed at in the expreffion, "that he was already with the gods."

According to most authors, he died a natural death during the fiege of Citium; but fome fay, he died of a wound he received in an engagement with the barbarians.

The laft advice he gave those about him, was to fail away immediately, and to conceal his death. Accordingly, before the enemy or their allies knew the real ftate of the cafe, they returned in fafety, by the general hip of Cimon exercifed, as Phanodemus fays, thirty days after his

death.

After he was gone, there was not one Grecian general who did any thing confiderable against the barbarians. The leading orators, were little better than incendiaries, who fet the Greeks one against another, and involved them in inteftine wars; nor was there any healing hand to interpose. Thus the king's affairs had time to recover themselves, and inexpreffible ruin was brought upon the powers of Greece. Long after this, indeed, Agefilaus carried his arms into Afia, and renewed the war a while against the king's lieutenants on the coaft: but he was fo foon recalled. by the feditions and tumults which broke out afresh in Greece, that he could do nothing extaordinary. The Perfian taxgatherers were then left amidst the cities in alliance and friendship with the Greeks; whereas, when Cimon had the command, not a fingle collector was feen, nor fo much as a horfeman appeared within four hundred furlongs from the fea-coaft.

That his remains were brought to Attica, his monument there is a fufficient proof, for it ftill bears the title of Cimonia. Nevertheless the people of Citium have a tomb of Cimon, which they hold in great veneration, as Naulicrates the orator informs us; the gods having ordered them in a certain famine not to difregard his manes, but to honour and worship him as a fuperior being. Such was this Gre cian general. LUCULLUS.

THE grandfather of Lucullus was a man of confular dignity; Metellus, furnamed Numidicus, was his uncle by the mother's fide. His father was found guilty of embezzling the public money, and his mother Cæcilia had but an indifferent reputation for chastity. As for Lucullus himself, while he was but a youth, befor he folicited any public charge, or attempted to gain a fhare in the administration, he made his first appearance in impeaching Servilius the augur, who had been his father's accufer. As he had caught Servilius in fome act of injustice in the execution of his office, all the world commended the profecution, and talked of it as an indication of extraordinary fpirit. Indeed, where there was no injury to revenge, the Romans confidered the bufinefs of impeachments as a generous purfuit; and they chofe to have their young men faften upon criminals, like fo many well-bred hounds upon their prey.

The caufe was argued with fo much vehemence, that they came to blows, and feveral were wounded, and fome killed; in the end, however, Servilius was acquitted. But though Lucullus loft his caufe, he had great command both of the Greek and Latin tongues; infomuch that Sylla dedicated his Commentaries to him, as a person who could reduce the acts and incidents to much better order, and compofe a more agreeable history of them than himfelf. For his eloquence was not only occafional, or exerted when neceflity called for it, like that of other orators who beat about in the forum,

As fports the vaulting Tunny in the main,

But when they are out of it,

Are dry, inelegant, and dead

He had applied himself to the fciences called liberal, and was deep in the ftudy of humanity from his youth; and in his age he withdrew from public labours, of which he had had a great fhare, to repofe himself in the bofom of philofophy, and to enjoy the fpeculations fhe fuggefted; bidding a timely adieu to ambition, after his difference VOL. III. K

with

with Pompey. To what we have faid of his ingenuity and skill in languages, the following ftory may be added. While he was but a youth, as he was jefting one day with Hortenfius the orator, and Sifenna the hiftorian, he undertook to write a fhort hiftory of the Marfi, either in Greek or Latin verfe, as the lot fhould fall. They took him at his word, and, according to the lot, it was to be in Greek. That hiftory of his is ftill extant.

Among the many proofs of his affection for his brother Marcus, the Romans fpeak moft of the first. Though he was much older than Marcus, he would not accept of any office without him, but waited his time. This was fo agreeable to the people, that in his abfence they created him adile along with his brother.

Though he was but a ftripling at the time of the Marfian war, there appeared many inftances of his courage and understanding. But Sylla's attachment to him was principally owing to his conftancy and mildness. On this account, he made ufe of his fervices from first to laft in his most important affairs. Amongst other things, he gave him the direction of the mint. It was he who coined most of Sylla's money in Peloponnefus, during the Mithridatic war. From him it was called Lucullia: and it continued to be chiefly in ufe for the occafions of the army; for the goodnefs of it made it pafs with eafe.

Some time after this, Sylla engaged in the fiege of Athens; and though he was victorious by land, the fuperiority of the enemy at fea ftraitened him for provifions. For this reafon, he difpatched Lucullus into Egypt and Lybia, to procure him a fupply of fhips. It was then the depth of winter; yet he ferupled not to fail with three Imall Greek brigantines, and as many fmall Rhodian gallies, which were to meet strong feas, and a number of the enemy's fhips which kept watch on all fides, becaufe their strength lay there. In fpite of this oppofition he reached Crete, and brought it over to Sylla's interest.

From thence he paffed to Cyrene, where he delivered the people from the tyrants and civil wars with which they had been haraffed. and re-established their conftition. In this he availed himself of a faying of Plato, who, when he was defired to give them a body of laws, and to fettle their government upon rational principles, gave them this oracular anfwer, "It is very difficult to

"give