"beafts," and immediately made his will. After which, he destroyed all his papers, lett, after his death, charges and impeachments fhould arife against the perfons who wrote them, in confequence of the fecrets difcovered there. He then confidered, whether he should put the enemy in the way of gaining the victory, or take his flight through Media and Armenia into Cappadocia ; but he could not fix upon any thing while his friends ftaid with him. After revolving various expedients in his mind, which was now almoft as changeable as his fortune, he drew up the forces, and endeavoured to animate the Greeks and the barbarians. On the other hand, the Phalanx and the Argyrafpides bade him be of good courage, affuring him, that the enemy would not ftand the encounter; for they were veterans who had ferved under Philip and Alexander, and, like fo many champions of the ring, had never had a fall to that day. Many of them were feventy years of age, and none lefs than fixty. So that when they charged the troops of Antigonus, they cried out, "Villains, you fight againft your fathers." Then they fell furiously upon his infantry, and foon routed them. Indeed, none of the battalions could stand the fhock, and moft of them were cut in pieces upon the spot. But though Antigonus had fuch bad fuccefs in this quarter, his cavalry were victorious, through the weak and daftardly behaviour of Peuceftas, and took all the baggage. Antigonus was a man who had an excellent prefence of mind on the moft trying occafions, and here the place and the occafion befriended him. It was a plain open country, the foil neither deep nor hard, but, like the fea-fhore, covered with a fine dry fand, which the trampling of fo many men and horfes, during the action, reduced to a fmall. white duft, that, like a cloud of lime, darkened the air, and intercepted the profpect; fo that it was eafy for Atigonus to take the baggage unperceived.

After the battle was over, Teutamus font fome of his corps to Antigonus, to defire him to restore the baggage. He told them, he would not only return the Argyrapides their baggage, but treat them, in all refpects, with the greatest kindness, provided they would put Eumenes in his hands. The Argyrafpides came into that abominable meafure, and agreed to deliver up that brave man alive to his enemies. In purfuance of this fcheme, they apVOL. III. proached

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proached him unfufpecled, and planted themfelves about him. Some lamented the lofs of their baggage; fome desired him to affume the fpirit of victory which he had gamed; others accufe the reft of their commanders. Thus watching their opportunity, they fell upon him, took away his fword, and bound his hands behind him with his own girdle.

Nicanor was fent by Antigonus to receive him. But, as they led him through the midst of the Macedonians, he defired first to fpeak to them; not for any request he had to make, but upon matters of great importance to them. Silence being made, he afcended an eminence, and ftretching out his hands, bound as they were, he said, "What trophy, ye vileft of all the Macedonians! what

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trophy could Antigonus have wifhed to raise like this "which you are railing, by delivering up your general "bound? Was it not bafe enough to acknowledge your"felves beaten merely for the fake of your baggage, as "if victory dwelt among your goods and chattels, and 66 not upon the points of your fwords; but you must alfo "fend your general as a ranfom for that baggage? For my part, though thus led, I am not conquered; I have "beaten the enemy, and am ruined by my fellow-foldiers. "But I conjure you by the * god of armies, and the aw"ful deities who prefide over oaths, to kill me here with your own hands. If my life be taken by another, the "deed will fill be yours. Nor will Antigonus complain "if you take the work out of his hands; for he wants not "Eumenes alive, but Eumenes dead. If you choose not "to be the immediate inftruments, loofe but one of my "hands, and that fhall do the bufinefs. If you will nct truft me with a fword, throw me, bound as I am, to "wild beasts. If you comply with this laft request, I acquit you of all guilt with refpect to me, and declare you have behaved to your general like the beft and horefteft of men."

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The reft of the troops received this fpeech with fighs and tears, and every expreffion of forrow; but the Argy rafpides cried out, Lead him on, and attend not to "his trifling; for it is no fuch great matter, if an exe"crable Cherfonefian, who has haraffed the Macedo

* Jupiter.

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"nians with infinite wars, have caufe to lament his fate; as it would be, if the best of Alexander's, and Philip's "foldiers fhould be deprived of the fruits of their labours, "and have their bread to beg in their old age. And have not our wives already paffed three nights with our ene"mies?" So faying, they drove him forward.

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Antigonus, fearing fome bad confequence from the crowd (for there was not a man left in his camp), fent out ten of his best elephants, and a corps of fpearmen, who were Medes and Parthiæans, to keep them off. He could not bear to have Eumenes brought into his prefence, becaufe of the former friendly connections there had been between them. And when thofe who took the charge of him, asked, in what manner he would have him kept? He said, "So as you would keep an elephant or a lion." Nevertheless, he foon felt fome impreffions of pity, and ordered them to take off his heavy chains, and allow him a fervant who had been accustomed to wait upon him. He likewife permitted fuch of his friends as defired it, to pafs whole days with him, and to bring him the neceffary refreshments. Thus he spent fome confiderable time in deliberating how to difpofe of him, and fometimes liftened. to the applications and promifes of Nearchus, the Cretan, and his own fon Demetrius, who made it a point to fave him. But all the other officers infifled that he should be put to death, and urged Antigonus to give directions for it.

One day, we are told, Eumenes afked his keeper, Onomarchus," Why Antigonus, now he had got his enemy into his power, did not either immediately difpatch him, or generously releafe him?" Onomarchus anfwered, in a contemptuous manner, "That in the battle, and not now, he fhould have been fo ready to meet "death." To which Eumenes replied," By heaven, I was fo. Afk thofe who ventured to engage me, If I was not. I do not know that I met with a better man "than myself."—" Well," faid Onomarchus, " Now you "have found a better man than yourfelf, why do not you patiently wait his time?"

When Antigonus had refolved upon his death, he gave orders that he fhould have no kind of food. By this means in two or three days time, he began to draw near his end : And then Antigonus, being obliged to decamp upon fome

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fudden emergency, fent in an executioner to dispatch him. The body he delivered to his friends, allowing them to burn it honourably, and to collect the ashes into a filver urn, in order to their being fent to his wife and children.

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Thus died Eumenes: And divine justice did not go far to seek instruments of vengeance against the officers and foldiers who had betrayed him. Antigonus himself detesting the Agyrafpides as impious and favage wretches, ordered Ibyrtius, governor of Arachofia, under whofe direction he put them, to take every method to destroy them; fo that not one of them might return to Macedonia, or fet his eyes upon the Grecian sea.

SERTORIUS AND EUMENES COMPARED.

THESE are the most remarkable particulars which history has given us concerning Eumenes and Sertorius. And now to come to the comparison. We obferve first, that, though they were both frangers, aliens, and exiles, they had, to the end of their days, the command of many warlike nations, and great and refpectable armies. Sertorius, indeed, has this advantage, that his fellow-warriors ever freely gave up the command to him on account of his fuperior merit; whereas, many disputed the poft of honour with Eumenes, and it was his actions only that obained it for him. The officers of Sertorius were ambitious to have him at their head; but those who acted under Eumenes, never had recourfe to him, till experience had fhowed them their own incapacity, and the neceffity of employing another.

The one was a Roman, and commanded the Spaniards and Lufitanians, who for many years had been fubject to Rome;

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Antigenes, commander in chief of the Silver Shields, was, by order of Antigonus, put in a coffin, and burnt alive. Eudamus, Celhanus, and many others of the enemies of Eumenes, experienced a like fate.

A province of Parthia, near Badriana.

Rome; the other was a Cherfone fian, and commanded the Macedonians, who had conquered the whole world. It fhould be confidered, too, that Sertorius the more eafily made his way, because he was a fenator, and had led armies before; but Eumenes, with the difreputation of having been only a fecretary, raifed himfelf to the firft military employments. Nor had Eumenes only fewer advantages, but greater impediments alfo in the road to honour. Numbers oppofed him openly, and as many formed private defigns against his life; whereas, no man ever op. pofed Sertorius in public; and it was not till towards the laft, that a few of his own party entered upon a private scheme to destroy him. The dangers of Sertorius were generally over, when he had gained a victory; and the dangers of Eumenes grew out of his very victories, among thofe who envied his fuccefs.

Their military performances were equal and fimilar, but their difpofitions were very different. Eumenes loved war, and had a native fpirit of contention; Sertorius loved peace and tranquillity. The former might have lived in great fecurity and honour, if he would not have ftood in the way of the great; but he rather chose to tread for ever in the uneafy paths of power, though he had to fight every flep he took the latter would gladly have withdrawn from the tumult of public affairs; but was forced to continue the war, to defend himself against his reftlefs perfecutors. For Antigonus would have taken pleasure in employing Eumenes, if he would have given up the difpute for fuperiority, and been content with the ftation next to his; whereas Pompey would not grant Sertorius his requeft to live a private citizen. Hence the one voluntarily engaged in war, for the fake of gaining the chief command; the other involuntarily took the command, because he could not live in peace. Eumenes, therefore, in his paflion for the camp, preferred ambition to fafety; Sertorius was an able warrior, but employed his talents only for the fafety of his perfon. The one was not apprifed of his impending fate; the other expected His every moment. The one had the candid praife of confidence in his friends; the other incurred the cenfuie of weaknefs; for he would have fled, but could not. The

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Upon notice of the intention of his enemies to deftroy him af er the battle, he deliberated whether he fhould give up the victory to An tigonus, or retire into Cappadocia.