production of, to authorized persons, 143.

on what ships kept, and form, contents of, 140, 141.
offences relating to, 142.

entries in, respecting deceased seamen's wages, 141, 235.
as to offences against discipline, 127, 140, 183, 227.
fines deducted from wages, 141.

ship's papers delivered to new master, 144.
collision, 141, 630, 630, n. (e).

result of survey of provisions and water, 203, 204.
refusal to take lime juice, 141, 206.

record of draught of water, 76, n. (k), 140.

births, marriages and deaths, 141, 150, 151.

tonnage of deck cargo spaces, 9.

distance between deck and load lines, 14, 140.
other matters, 140, 141.

neglect to make prescribed entries in, 142.

time of making entries, 142.

admissibility of, in evidence, 142, n. (b), 630, 630, n. (e).

delivery of, and transmission of, to superintendent, 142, n. (e), 151.
OFFICIAL NUMBER of British ships marked on main beam, 12.
"ONE-THIRD NEW FOR OLD,"

boarding of foreign ships by unauthorized persons, 186, n. (z).

certificates of competency (colonial), 114, 689, 690, n. (1).

colonial passenger ship surveys, 708, n. (e).

County Court Admiralty jurisdiction, 653, 653, n. (a).

distress signals, 145, 641.

dockyard ports, 608, 609, 609, n. (r).

restrictions on foreign ships, 29, 29, n. (j).

foreign deserters, 186, n. (z).

foreign ships, 10, 10, n. (b), 186, 186, n. (z), 263, 585, 585, n. (i), 586,
644.

lighthouses, 130, n. (h), 684, 684, n. (o), 685, n. (p).

Merchant Shipping Acts, application to foreign ships, 186, 583, n. (i).

navigation rules. See COLLISION.

non-exportation of munitions of war, 134, n. (a).

passenger ships within Passenger Acts, 732, 732, n. (n).

passenger steamships, colonial certificates for, 708, 708, n. (c).

signals for pilots, 144.

pilotage generally, 250, n. (q), 263.

pilotage, Trinity House, 263, 274, n. (t), n. (x), 275, n. (y), 279,

279, n. (r), 280.

ORDERS IN COUNCIL-continued.

SUBJECT-MATTER OF―continued.

quarantine, 149, 150.

ransom, 66, n. (†), 160.

registrars of shipping (colonial), 7.
registration of ships (foreign ports), 7.

salvage (life) application to foreign ships, 644.

sea fisheries, 4.

tonnage measurement of foreign ships, 10, 10, n. (b).
PUBLICATION OF AND EFFECT OF,

under Merchant Shipping Acts, 186, 585, n. (i), 586.
Merchant Shipping Colonial Act, 689, 690.

Passenger Acts, 732, 733.

ORDINANCES, COLONIAL. See COLONIAL LEGISLATURE.

OTTOMAN DOMINIONS. See TURKEY.

OVERCHARGES, provisions to prevent, as against seamen, 172.
OVERCROWDING, prevention of, in passenger ships, 708, 710, 720.

OVERLOADING. See UNSAFE SHIP.

OWNERS OF CARGO. See CARGO-DAMAGE TO CARGO-FREIGHTER
-HYPOTHECATION-LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

OWNERS OF SHIP. See CAPTURE-CERTIFICATE OF SALE-MORT-
GAGE NECESSARIES-PART OWNERS-PASSENGERS-REGISTRY-
SALE.

I. GENERALLY,

appeal of, against pilotage bye-laws, 251, n. (z).

who may be owners of British ships, 55.

division of ownership of ship into shares, 17, 100.

beneficially interested liable to penalties as legal owners, 64, n. (y).

when entitled to wages earned by deserters, 182, 230.

right of, to have freight applied to expenses of voyage, &c., 105.

may require Board of Trade to register private night signal, 641.
may enter goods at customs on freighter's default, 153.

II. LIABILITIES OF BRITISH OWNERS AS REGARDS REGISTRY.

where and how registry made, 6.

what property registered owners may have in ship, 17.

declarations by owners registered or desiring registration, 17, 44, 45, 46.
declaration, what it must contain, 17, 18, 44.

how made, 18, 44.

when body corporate is owner, 18, 44.

other evidence required on, 19, 46.

number of legal owners, 17, 100.

legal owners by act of law must be registered, 45, 46.

transmission must be authenticated by declaration, 46.

what evidence must accompany declaration in case of bankruptcy, 46.
in case of marriage of female owner, 47.

of transmission on will or intestacy, 47.

on transmission to unqualified person, Court may sell, 47.
what Courts have jurisdiction, 47, 48, 108, 109.

how such sale carried out, 47, 108.

when application for, to be made, 47, 109.

effect of application being not made or refused, 47, 109.
Court may prohibit any dealing with ship, 47, 48, n. (d), 109.

who may be beneficially entitled as, 18, ǹ. (k), 55, 56.

OWNERS OF SHIPS-continued.

III. PROOF OF OWNERSHIP,

by M. S. Act, 1854, register primâ facie proof, 72.
so certified copy, 72.

what is usual proof of ownership, 42, n. (m), 71–73.

under earlier statutes, 71, 72.

under later statutes, 72, 73.

proof of declaration of ownership, 72.

IV. DUTY OF OWNERS.

PASSENGER SHIPS.

See CHARTER-PARTY-BILL OF LADING-

to provide seaworthy and well-found ship, 73, 74, 74, n. (k), 311.
statutory obligation as to seaworthiness of ship, 74.

misdemeanor where unsafe ship sent to sea, 74, 75, 75, n. (o).
as to tonnage, deck, and load lines and survey, &c., 74.

not to allow delay in starting, 310, 311.

to give notice of change of destination of general ship, 76.
as to selection of master and crew, 75, 75, n. (r), 76.

placing ship in charge of pilot where required, 76.

to provide ballast, 77.

as to receipt of cargo, 76, 135, 318.

care of cargo, 76, 321.

V. LIABILITY OF, FOR DAMAGE, LOSS OF LIFE, OR INJURY,
Liability of, for loss or damage to goods generally, 76–83.
at common law, 76.

full compensation for all loss, 76, 77, n. (b).

except loss caused by act of God and Queen's enemies, 77.
under the earlier statutes, 78, 78, n. (c).

of owner of sea-going ship under M. S. Act, 1854..79.
part owner not protected if misconduct, 79, n. (n).

Limit of liability of, for loss without their actual privity, 80, n. (m).
where damage by fire, 79.

where from robbery of bullion, &c., 80.

to what ships protection extends or extended, 79, n. (j), 82.
Liability of, for loss of life, damage, &c., under M. S. Act, 1862..81.
whether ship British or foreign, 80, 83.

Measure of limit of liability, 81.

open to registered and equitable owners, 80, n. (n).

ship and freight, how valued, 81, 82, 82, n. (u).

but liable for damage on distinct occasions, 82, 82, n. (z).

power to insure against events in respect of which liability
limitable, 442, 466.

additional liability for interest, 82.

effect of part owner being privy or in fault, 81, 81, n. (p), 155.
liability of masters or seamen, though part-owners, not di-
minished, 83, 84.

liability of owners where loss of passengers' luggage, 695.

Jurisdiction of Courts with respect to distribution of limited amount.
See LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

proceedings before sheriff where death or injury, 83, 83, n. (h).
no action until such inquiry instituted or refused, 83, 617, 618.
when such inquiry deemed to have been refused, 618, n. (p).
proceedings in distributing limited amount, 81.

in Admiralty Division, 84, 85.

in Queen's Bench Division and Chancery Division, 84.

VI. LIABILITY OF, AS DEFENDANTS IN ACTIONS IN REM, 85.

VII. LIABILITY OF, FOR CONTRACTS AND TORTS OF MASTER. See MASTER.
for contracts of master, 154–157.

if owner becomes such after ship sailed, 156.

when for torts of master, 154, 158.

OWNERS OF SHIPS-continued.

VIII. LIABILITY OF, FOR NEGLIGENCE OF PILOT, 83.

where pilot voluntarily employed, 281.

exemption from, where pilot compulsorily employed, 281, 282, 285, 286.
even though owner expressly liable by foreign law, 282.
where pilotage under earlier acts, 281, n. (y), 282, n. (h).
though no other compulsion than payment of pilotage, 282.
cases where pilot acted in pursuance of a statute, 283, n. (†), 286.
where pilotage compulsory under M. S. Acts, 282, 286.
though master may select from number of pilots, 282, n. (ƒ).
but pilot must be acting in charge, 282, n. (g).

and compulsorily employed, 283.

where pilotage compulsory in Thames, 283, n. (g).

evidence to establish defence that shipowner not liable, 284.
onus of proving damage primâ facie caused by pilot on owner, 285.
in what cases owners must rebut contributory negligence, 285.
application of doctrine in cases of foreign vessels, 286.

in cases where damage to certain piers, harbours or docks, 287.
IX. LIABILITY OF, FOR REPAIRS AND NECESSARIES. See NECESSARIES.
where necessaries ordered by master, 155-157.

legal ownership does not create liability, 87, 87, n. (1), 94.

Registry Acts have made no difference, 87.

question depends on whose credit work was done, 87, 87, n. (1), 88.
master liable in first instance, 87, n. (7), 154.

liability of beneficial owners, 89.

of mortgagees, 93, 94.

of owners pro hac vice, 94, 95.

recent decisions, 89-93.

Extent of liability, 95.

Proceedings to enforce liability, 96, 97-99.

X. LIABILITY OF, IN OTHER MATTERS,

under Foreign Enlistment Act, 68-70.
under Customs and Slave Trade Acts, 70.

for torts of crew within the scope of their duties, 17.

for acts of crew causing injury to pilot, 77, n. (b), 269.

none for wrongful act of servant of stevedore, 77, n. (a).

whether liable to seamen for injury by master, 77, n. (b), 208, n. (i).

on bills of exchange drawn by master, 213.

where seamen ill or injured, 208, 209.

on allotment notes, 218.

on hypothecation. See HYPOTHECATION.

on sale by master, 158. See SALE.

persons beneficially interested liable as legal owners, 64, n. (g).
liability of, to pay dues, 134, 268, 685.

ultimate liability of owners under Passenger Acts, 716, 718, n. (p).
under charter-party and bill of lading.

BILL OF LADING.

See CHARTER-PARTY-

XI. LIABILITY INTER SESE, 100-108. See MANAGING OWNER-PART
OWNERS.

PACIFIC ISLANDERS,

provisions against leaving destitute, 216.
against unlawfully carrying, 70, n. (o).

PAPERS. See SHIP'S PAPERS.

PARISH APPRENTICES. See APPRENTICES.

PARLIAMENT. See Index, Vol. II.

PAROCHIAL AUTHORITIES,

relief by, of seamen when recoverable from owner,
209.
of seamen's relatives chargeable on wages, 234, 235, n. (s).

PAROL EVIDENCE. See USAGE.
when admissible to

explain or alter charter-party, 294, 322, 322, n. (q).
bill of lading, 342, 343. See BILL OF LADING.
policy of insurance, 455, 455, n. (h), 456, 535.

PART-OWNERS OF SHIP. See NECESSARIES-OWNERS, and next
title.

I. IN GENERAL,

Rights and remedies of, inter sese, 101-108.

are not necessarily partners, 100.

usually tenants in common, 100, 101.

may be actually partners, 101.

no jus accrescendi between them, 101.

right of, to part with interest, 105.

actions by survivors in case of injury to ship, 101.

when trover lies by one of them against the other, 102.

sale by one not generally a conversion, 102.

rights of, in earnings of ship, 101.

equitable rule where dissent by, from employment of ship, 102.
effect of bankruptcy of one, 107.

Right to adjustment of ownership accounts, 103, 104.

by suit in Chancery Division, 104.

where covenants entered into, 104, n. (u).

to compel contribution to expenses, 104, 104, n. (u).
and that freight be properly expended, 105.

settlement of co-ownership accounts, where master part-owner, 123.
damage and loss for which owners liable by reason of improper
navigation brought into account, 105.

whether part-owner acting as managing owner has right to com-
mission, 106, 106, n. (i).

effect on rights inter sese when managing owner appointed, 106, 107.
effect of bankruptcy of one part-owner, 107, 108.

Jurisdiction of Admiralty as to employment of ship, 102, 103, 108.
as to disputes between owners, 102, 103, 108.

in actions of possession against ships, 103, 103, n. (x), 104, n. (y).
in actions of restraint, 102, 103.

practice as to bail for safe return, 103, 103, n. (8).

plaintiff in action of restraint not entitled to profits, 103.
not liable for loss, 103.

Jurisdiction of Admiralty where British registered ship proceeded
against, 104.

Jurisdiction of High Court to restrain sailing of ships, 103, n. (x), 108.

II. POWER TO BIND EACH OTHER,

cannot ordinarily bind each other as partners, 106.

or in respect of insurances, 106.

material question whether agency exists in fact, 105.

effect where ship's husband or managing owner appointed, 106, 107.
admission by one, not binding on remaining, 108.

where one part-owner is managing owner. See MANAGING OWNER.

M.P.

3 н