chief of the army. General Lee was known as "Light-Horse Harry," of Revolutionary war fame, and was the father of General Robert E. Lee, the famous Southern hero of the recent Civil war.

On October 19, 1794, President George Washington, Secretary Alexander Hamilton and General Henry Knox, Secretary of War, visited General Lee at Bedford, and remained two or three days before returning to Washington City.

The right wing of the army left Carlisle on October 22d, and marching through Bedford and Quemahoning township arrived at Mount Pleasant, where it encamped on the 29th. This wing was composed of Pennsylvania troops, commanded by Governor Mifflin. The left wing moved from Fort Cumberland on October 22d, and marching over the route taken by General Braddock in 1755, also passed through Quemahoning township and reached Uniontown, where General Lee and the right wing arrived and went into camp on October 31st. The dissenters, seeing the uselessness of further resistance, ceased their warfares, and Washington granted amnesty to all who had been concerned in it, excepting those who had committed. crime and were then in actual custody. General Lee moved his headquarters to Pittsburg on November 17th, 1794, and the army was then disbanded.

THE FORBES ROAD.

King George III desired to capture Fort Duquesne, which was then held by the French, and which General Braddock had attempted to do in 1755, when he met with death and disaster.

In December, 1757, the King commissioned Colonel John Forbes, "Brigadier General in America to command his Majesty's forces in the southern provinces." General Forbes immediately began to organize an army for that purpose, and early in the summer of 1758 he had a force of 5,850 soldiers and one thousand wagoners. The place of rendezvous was at Raystown (or Bedford, as it is known), which General Forbes did not reach until the middle of September. Prior to this Colonel Boquet had taken about 2,000 Pennsylvanians and opened a road from Bedford to the Loyalhanna river, at Fort Ligonier. Excepting the military road of General Braddock in 1755, this was the first road used by wagons or artillery across the Allegheny mountains, and passed through what was subsequently known as Brothers Valley township, and later as Quemahon

ing township. The Forbes road passed near to what is now Stoyestown, about eighteen miles south of Johnstown. It was substantially laid on the Indian trail between Bedford and Ligonier, and passed through Kickenepaling, on the Quemahoning creek.

Colonel Boquet sent a reconnaissance of about eight hundred men, under Major William Grant, to ascertain the situation at Fort Duquesne before the arrival of Forbes. Grant's force was defeated, and he was captured by the French and Indians under the command of Colonel Aubrey: General Forbes then moved his main army to Fort Duquesne, and on November 25th, 1758, entered it, finding that the enemy had evacuated and taken their departure down the Ohio river. Thereafter it was known as Fort Pitt, until the name was changed to Pittsburg.

Forbes street, which passes the entrance to the Carnegie Institute, in Schenley Park, is the continuation of the Forbes road which we have described. Also, that Frankstown avenue which intersects with Penn avenue in the East End is the continuation of the Frankstown road, or the Galbreath road, which passed through Munster, and more particularly referred to elsewhere.

The war had now been active for more than year. Our troops, which were not supplied with proper arms nor with sufficient ammunition, were being defeated, and, becoming discouraged, believed they were in a losing contest. But not so; they never did better service; for these things occurring on the battle line were arousing a spirit of independence throughout all the colonies, which could not have been made effective in any other manner.

In May, 1776, the patriots of Pennsylvania were at work. Those who were prominent sent out a circular inviting the leading men of the several counties in the province to meet in Philadelphia, to adopt such a form of government "as shall, in the opinion of the representatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular and America in general." In reply to this truly American doctrine, the delegates met in Carpenter's Hall, on June 18, 1776. The representatives from our county of Bedford were Colonel David Espy, Samuel Davidson, Esq., and Colonel John Piper. After due consideration they adopted this resolution: "That the present government of this province is not competent to

the exigencies of our affairs, and that it is necessary that a provincial convention be called by this conference for the express purpose of forming a new government in this province on the authority of the people only."

While this conference was being held, another one of much more importance was in session in Independence Hall, in the same city, a few squares away, formulating the Declaration of Independence which was given to the world on July 4, 1776. The delegates in this convention were Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson and George Ross.

CHAPTER III.

ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES-CAMBRIA COUNTY TAKEN FROM SOMERSET AND HUNTINGDON-FIRST TOWNSHIPS IN CAMBRIA COUNTY.

A history is the recorded events of the past, therefore, we will locate the territory within the limits of Cambria county, so that its geographical situation will be clear, and the events which follow may be applied clearly and definitely.

The capital, or the county seat, for the transaction of the business relating to common affairs and the administration of justice, is Ebensburg, which was located at that place when the county was organized. The converging lines passing through Ebensburg are, one degree forty-five minutes and forty-four seconds (1 45' 44") west from Washington City, and forty degress thirty-four minutes and twenty seconds (40 34′ 20′′) North Latitude. The county is on the western slope of the Allegheny mountains; the eastern boundary line lies along the crest thereof, with Bedford and. Blair counties adjoining. It is about thirty-seven miles in length, with Somerset on the south and Clearfield county on the north: the westerly line is about thirty-three miles in length along the Westmoreland and Indiana county lines; its northerly line is about twenty-five miles in length, and the southerly line about twenty-one miles. Its area is 666 square miles, or 426,240 acres.

When William Penn laid out the city of Philadelphia and assumed control of the province of Pennsylvania in 1682, he created three counties, namely: Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester. The latter included all the territory west of the other two, and of which Cambria was a part. Lancaster county was created in 1729; York in 1749, and Cumberland in 1750. It will be observed that civilization was moving westward, and in 1771 Bedford county was organized, being taken from Cumberland.

At the first session of the quarter session's court for Bedford county, on April 16th, 1771, almost its first official act was to create the township of Brothers Valley, the first township ever organized west of the Allegheny mountain. Its boundary lines were all the lands lying between the crest of the Allegheny mountain, the Youghiogheny river and the western foot of