LIST OF PRESIDENTS. Administration. Presidents. Began. Ended. George Washington.... March 4, 1789. March 4, 1797. March 4, 1825. March 4, 1815. March 4, 1845. March 4, 1849. March 4, 1849. July 9, 1850. July 9, 1850..... March 4, 1853. March 4, 1853. March 4, 1857. March 4, 1857. March 4, 1861. March 4, 1861. April 15, 1865. April 15, 1865. March 4, 1869. March 4, 1869. March 4, 1877. March 4, 1877. March 4, 1881. March 4, 1881.... September 19, 1881. September 19, 1881... March 4, 1885. March 4, 1885. March 4, 1889. March 4, 1889. March 4, 1893. March 4, 1893. March 4, 1897. March 4, 1897. September 14, 1901. September 14, 1901... March 4, 1909. March 4, 1909. V SECRETARIES OF STATE. In the “Notes upon the foreign treaties of the United States,” prepared by Hon. J. C. Bancroft Davis, and republished in the volume of Treaties and Conventions concluded between the United States and other Powers, Senate Executive Document No. 47, Forty-eighth Congress, second session, is given, in concise form, the history of the conduct of the foreign affairs of the United States up to the time of the establishment of the Department of State. From these notes the following statement has been gathered: On the 29th of November, 1775, Congress appointed a “ Committee of Secret Correspondence," whose duty it would be to correspond with the friends of the colonies in other parts of the world. From the date of the appointment of this committee until the autumn of 1781, the management of the foreign affairs of the country was in the hands of committees of Congress. Robert R. Livingston, of New York, was then appointed “their Secretary of Foreign Affairs,” and took the oath of office on the 20th of October, 1781. Livingston resigned in June, 1783, and Elias Boudinot, the President of Congress, acted officially as Secretary in the interim. General Thomas Mifflin was chosen President of Congress on the 3d of November, 1783, at the beginning of a new Congress, and as such succeeded to Boudinot as ad interim Secretary. John Jay was elected Secretary May 24, 1784, but did not qualify until December 21, 1784, and he remained the Secretary of Foreign Affairs until the adoption of the Federal Constitution. On September 15, 1789, the President approved “An act to provide for the safe-keeping of the acts, records, and seal of the United States, and for other purposes," in the first section of which it was provided “that the Executive Department denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs shall hereafter be denominated the Department of State, and the principal officer therein shall be called the Secretary of State.” Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State September 26, 1789, but did not enter upon the duties of his office until March 21, 1790. Jay, notwithstanding he had been selected to be Chief Justice, continued to fill the office of Secretary until Jefferson entered upon its duties, although never commissioned as such under the new government.a a “Compilation of treaties in force 1899." The following list contains the names of the different Secretaries, the Presidents by whom appointed, and the dates of their respective commissions: Secretaries of State. Presidents ! Commissioned .....do Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia ... George Washington ..... September 26, 1789. Edmund Randolph, of Virginia .do January 2, 174. Timothy Pickering, of Pennsylvania (Secretary {....do Derember 10, 1795. of War). John Adams.. John Marshall, of Virginia . .do May 13, 1NO. Levi Lincoln. of Massachusetts (Attorney-Gen. .....do March 6, 1x01. eral), ad interim. 1 James Madison, of Virginia.... Thomas Jefferson March 5, 101. Robert Smith, of Maryland James Madison.. March 6, 1509 James Monroe, of Virginia.. ..do. April 2, IN11. Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania (Attorney-Gen- James Monroe.. March 10, 1117. eral), ad interim. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts .....do March 5, 1-17. Henry Clay, of Kentucky..... John Quincy Adams March 7, 1 035. James A. Hamilton, of New York, ad interim. ..do March 4, 1829. Martin Van Buren, of New York Andrew Jackson ..... March 6, 1*29. Edward Livingston, of Louisiana. .do May 24, 1531. Louis McLane, of Delaware ..do May 29, 13. ..do John Forsyth, of Georgia June 27, 1-34. (Martin Van Buren J. L. Martin, of North Carolina, chief clerk). March 3, 1841. ad interim. William H. Harrison Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts... March 5, 1-41. John Tyler.... Hugh S. Legaré, of South Carolina (Attorney .do.. May 9, 1843 June 21, 1443. June 24, 183 Navy). 1 John Nelson, of Maryland (Attorney-General), ad .do February 29, 1444. interim. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina... .do March 6, 1*44. James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania James K. Polk. March 6, 1845. John M. Clayton, of Delaware. Zachary Taylor... March 7, 1849. Millard Fillmore Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts.. July 22, 1850. Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana (Secretary of .do September 2, 1832. War), ad interim. Edward Everett, of Massachusetts... .do November 6 1852. William Hunter, of Rhode Island (chief clerk), .do March 3, 1513. ad interim, William L. Marcy, of New York... Franklin Pierce... March 7, 1953. Lewis Cass, of Michigan James Buchanan March 6, 1857. William Hunter, of Rhode Island (chiel clerk), December 13, 15to. ad interim. Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania.. ..do December 17, 1-60. William H. Seward, of New York..... Abraham Lincoln March 5, 1861. Andrew Johnson. Elihu B. Washburne, of Illinois.... Ulysses S. Grant March 5, 1869. Hamilton Fish, of New York .do March 11, 1869. William M. Evarts, of New York... Rutherford B. Hayes ....... March 12, 1877 James G. Blaine, of Maine.... James A. Garfield March 5, 1881. Ichester A. Arthur. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey ..........do December 12, 1881. .....do .....do ...do Secretaries of State. Presidents. Commissioned. March 6, 1885. June 29, 1892. March 6, 1893. Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware. Grover Cleveland James G. Blaine, of Maine.... Benjamin Harrison Secretary), ad interim. ..do William F. Wharton, of Massachusetts (Assistant .....do Secretary), ad interim. Grover Cleveland ad interim. Richard Olney, of Massachusetts ..do ....... John Sherman, of Ohio.... William McKinley William R. Day, of Ohio... .do Alvey A. Adee, of the District of Columbia (Sec- .do ond Assistant Secretary), ad interim. .do John Hay, of the District of Columbia (Theodore Roosevelt . Elihu Root, of New York .... ..do. Robert Bacon, of New York .do Philander C. Knox, of Pennsylvania William H. Taft June 8, 1895. September 20, 1898. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF TREATIES, CONVENTIONS, AGREEMENTS BY COUNTRIES, AND OF INTERNA Country. Subject. Signed. Proclaimed. Page Algiers. September 5, 1795.. March 2, 1796. June 30, 1815. December 26,1815 December 22, 1816 .. February 11, !*22 Argentine Re- Navigation of Rivers Parana and July 10, 1853 April 9, 1855 ..... public. Uruguay. April 9, 1855 public. gation. Argentine Re- Extradition... September 26, 1896.. June 5, 1900... public. Austria-Hungary Commerce and Navigation ....... August 27, 1829...... February 10, 1831 ... Austria-Hungary Propertyand ConsularJurisdiction May 8, 1848 February 25, 1850 Austria-Hungary Extradition.... July 3, 1856 December 15, 1856 July 11, 1870 June 29, 1871.. Austria-Hungary Naturalization... September 20, 1870. August 1, 1871. Austria-Hungary Trade-marks.. November 25, 1871..' June 1, 1872... Austria-Hungary Copyright Proclamation September 20, 1907.. Austria-Hungary Arbitration. January 15, 1909.... May 18, 1909. January 30, 1857 May 19, 1857 July 19, 1868 January 10, 1870. Bavaria Abolishing Droit de Baine and January 21, 1845.... August 16, 1846 .. Taxes on Emigration. September 12, 1853.. November 18, 1854.. - Bavaria Naturalization.. May 26, 1868 October 8, 1868... Bavaria Protocol Relating to Naturaliza May 26, 1868 tion. Belgium.. Commerce and Navigation. November 10, 1845.. March 31, 1846. Belgium. Commerce and Navigation June 17, 1858.... April 19, 1859. Belgium.. Import Duties and Capitalization May 20, 1863 November 18, 1864.. of Scheldt Dues. Belgium.... Extinguishment of Scheldt Dues. July 20, 1863. November 18, 1864.. -- Belgium. Naturalization...... November 16, 1868.. July 30, 1869. Belgium.. Rights, Privileges, and Immuni. December 5, 1868.... March 7, 1870 ties of Consuls. Belgium. Trade-marks. December 20, 1868 .. July 30, 1869.. March 19, 1874 May 1, 1874. June 29, 1875. March 9, 1880 March 1, 1881 June 13, 1882. November 20, 1842 April 7, 1884. July 9, 1884... July 1, 1891 October 26, 1901..... June 14, 1902. November 27, 1905 gation. Bolivia Extradition... April 21, 1900 December 30, 1901 Borneo Amity, Commerce, and Naviga- June 23, 1850. July 12, 1854.. tion. Brazil Amity. Commerce, and Naviga- December 12, 1828 .. March 18, 1829.. 64 69 73 75 80 81 86 87 90 94 100 104 105 106 - Bolivia 111 113 125 130 133 |