"The time

Satisfy yourselves with what is rational and attainable. which they suffer to pass away in the midst of confusion, bitter repentance seeks afterwards in vain to recall. What was omitted to be done at its proper moment, arises to be the torment of some future season." "But he who is orderly in the distribution of his time takes the proper method of escaping those manifold evils." "Miserable is the man who has no resources within himself, who cannot enjoy his own company, who depends for happiness upon the next amusement, or the news of the day." "The leaf quivers on the branch which supports it. A breath of wind tears it from its stem, and it lights on the stream of water which passes underneath. In a moment of time, the life which we know by the microscope it teems with, is extinguished." "The enjoyments to which he looks up are not superior to his own. There are those whose appetites are courted by more costly provision than his; whose senses are excited by more stimulating entertainments, and soothed by smoother accommodations; whose days are spent in more expensive amusements, and whose nights are passed upon softer pillows: but he who fares sumptuously every day, sits down to no sweeter feast than he; he whose delight is daily stirred by more pungent excitements, is no more animated by them than he is by his cheaper and soberer pastime; and he whose love of ease is lulled in a downier lap, whose situation is covered in every part of it with cushion, and lined all over with pillow, enjoys not a more delicious recumbence," &c. "Those persons who know not how to distinguish between liberality and luxury, are under a great error. Abundance of men know how to squander that do not know how to give." "They who are ignorant of what happened before their birth, will remain children all their lives." "He who imagines he can do without the world" (substantive accessory objective), “deceives himself much; he who fancies the world can do without him, is under a far greater delusion." "He that hath no rule over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down and without walls." "The veil that covers from our sight the events of succeeding years, is a veil woven by the hand of mercy." “He that trusts his own wisdom proclaims his own folly." "He that rejoices at the prosperity of another man, is a partaker thereof." (We mark the suppression of the conjunctive pronoun in some of the following examples by a dash, thus-) "It is the spot I came to seek.” "The throne we honor is the people's choice; the laws we reverence are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith we follow teaches us to live in bonds of charity with all mankind," &c. Whoever shows a man is mistakes in a kind manner is his friend. "Whatever is, is right." They saw whatever could be seen. "At once came forth

whatever creeps."

"Whosoever hath Christ for his friend will be sure

of counsel; whoever is his own friend will be sure to obey it."

"He is the freeman whom the truth makes free."

"The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose."

Show the intentional ambiguity in this line, and express the two senses which it bears in such a way that the one cannot be confounded with the other.

"Who never fasts, no banquets e'er enjoys;

Who never toils or watches, never sleeps."

"And fools who came to scoff remained to pray."

"Let me take a horse who is to bear me." "Like mountain cat, who guards her young." "A score of vagabond dogs, who served his purpose.” “ 'Wine is like a strong serpent, who will creep unperceivedly into your empty head." (Observe the personification in the four preceding examples.)

"Whatever nature has in worth denied,

She gives in large recruits of needful pride!

For, as in bodies, thus in souls, we find

What wants in blood and spirits, swelled with wind.”

"Just as absurd to mourn the tasks or pains,

The great directing MIND OF ALL ordains."

"Call imperfection what thou fanciest such."
"That something still which prompts the eternal sigh,
For which we bear to live, or dare to die;

Which still so near us, yet beyond us lies."

"Couldst thou divine

To what would one day dwindle that which made

Thee more than mortal?"

What is here interrogative, and the compound proposition, To what would one day dwindle that which, &c., is an interrogative substantive accessory, forming the objective modification of the verb divine.

Observe, I must not stay, is substantive accessory objective modification to the verb says.

§119. OF ADVERBIAL ACCESSORY PROPOSITIONS IN GENERAL. We now come to treat of adverbial accessory propositions. (1) In enter.

ing on this subject, the learner will do well to revert to what we have said of adverbs (§ 92), namely that they are an abbreviated method of expressing the same kind of complement which is more formally expressed by a modified noun and preposition. Otherwise, when a single word expresses what is expressed by a noun and preposition modification, we call that word an adverb. (2) Now we here call all those accessories which express modifications similar either to those expressed by adverbs or by that of which an adverb is an abbreviation (a noun completed by a descriptive adjective and preceded by a preposition) adverbial accessories, since in them, as in the adverb, the preposition is generally suppressed. (3) It is not always suppressed; for some accessory propositions are connected, as we shall see, to their principal proposition by the intervention of a preposition exactly as a single noun is connected by a preposition with the modified word. We might have arranged these among the substantive accessories, and formed of them a class of substantive accessories connected with their principals by a preposition. (4) The learner will then remember that we do not separate into distinct classes the accessories which retain the form of noun and preposition, and the adverbial which do not retain this form; but consider them promiscuously, since, like the noun and preposition modification and the adverb they differ rather in mere form than in the purpose for which they are employed. We shall, however, carefully notice the cases, as they pass in review, in which a preposition serves to connect accessories of this class.

(5) OBS.-We shall treat these adverbial accessories with more brevity (considering their number), than the preceding class; not because a knowledge of them is unimportant, but because what has been already said, especially in reference to the adjective accessories connected by the conjunctive pronouns, prepares the learner to understand us without entering so minutely into details, which must consist in a great measure of the mere repetition, with slight change, of matter which has been introduced in treating the classes of accessories already considered. A hint or a reference to the preceding pages will, we hope, be sufficient to bring before the student's mind facts and illustrations which it would consume much time to repeat again at full length.

§ 119. (1) To what is the learner requested to revert in entering on the consideration of adverbial accessories? (2) Mention what accessories we include in the class of adverbial ac cessories. (3) What is said of accessories connected by a preposition, and of the mode in which they might be classed? (4) What is the learner here to remember?

(5) Repeat the substance of the observation in reference to brevity.

(6) We are not certain that we may not be found to have omitted important classes of the adverbial accessories; but we trust that, by the help of the illustrations about to be given, the cases, which may not come clearly within our classifications, will present no insuperable obstacle to the student. Let him try his own skill in explaining any forms of construction which we may have overlooked, and in devising formula by which they may be readily recognised and subjected to ≈ rational analysis.

(7) There is another thing of which it may be well at this step of our progress to caution the learner. It has reference to our use of the terms principal and accessory applied to propositions. When we speak of a principal and of an accessory proposition, the student will please notice that we use these terms relatively, not absolutely. By a principal proposition we mean one which is principal relatively to a particular accessory by which, at least as regards grammatical form, it is modified. But this principal, in relation to the accessory in question, may itself, perchance, be only an accessory to some other proposition, which it modifies. In other words, we do not restrict the appellation principal proposition to the main proposition in a whole sentence or compound proposition, but of two propositions to that one which is modified or completed in some way by the other. As it is important that we should have a common understanding with our readers in reference to this matter, we illustrate our meaning by examples. And, since what we have now noticed applies to the use of these terms in speaking of the parts of compound propositions with substantive and adjective, as well as adverbial accessories, we shall choose an example in which the accessories are of the form already familiar to the learner. "Do you imagine that all are happy, who have attained to those summits of distinction, towards which your wishes aspire?" Here the main proposition "Do you imagine" is modified by the substantive accessory "that ALL are happy ;" and this in its turn is principal to the accessory “who have attained to those summits," &c., which completes the word all. Again, the accessory proposition "who have attained to those summits of distinction" is principal in reference to the accessory “towards which your wishes aspire," which completes the words "summits of distinction." Here we see that a proposition may serve as accessory to an accessory of an accessory of another proposition; or to view the facts in another point of view, a word in a principal proposition may be modified by a compound proposition.

(6) What is said in reference to classes of these accessories which may be overlooked ? (7) State the substance of the caution, and illustrate it by examples.

The verb "imagine" in the main proposition above is modified by the whole doubly compounded proposition which follows to the end of the example; "all," in the first accessory, is modified in like manner by the whole compound proposition which succeeds it. We subjoin another example which the learner may examine, and apply for the purpose o illustration. "Philosophers teach us, that the mind creates the beauty which it admires in nature.”

CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERBIAL ACCESSORIES.—(8) We shall classify the adverbial accessory propositions in a manner similar to that in which we classified the adverbs. It will conduce to the ease of the learner to adopt this classification already familiar to him, and to pursue, as far as convenient, the same order in explaining adverbial accessories which we have employed in explaining adverbial modifications.

(9) We divide these accessories agreeably to this method into two classes:

I. Adverbial accessories which modify adjectives.

II. Adverbial accessories which modify verbs, or sometimes perhaps the entire principal proposition.

For an account of the distinction between those which, like the adverbial propositions of manner, obviously modify verbs, and those which may, perhaps with greater propriety, be considered as modifying the whole principal assertion, we refer the reader to what we have said on this subject in reference to noun and preposition and adverbial modifications. (See $83.)

§ 120. 1. ADVERBIAL ACCESSORIES WHICH MODIFY ADJECTIVES. (1) The adverbial accessories which modify adjectives, like the adverbs which modify adjectives, usually express degrees of intensity. They do this generally by the introduction of a comparison.

(2) We express an equal degree of intensity comparatively by a form of accessory connected with the principal proposition by the word As. We use as both before the adjective to be modified and after it to connect the accessory.

(3) The as before the adjective (whatever may be the origin of

(8) Repeat the remark in reference to the classification of adverbial accessories. (9) Mention the classes into which we divide adverbial accessories.

§ 120. (1) What is said generally of the adverbial accessories which modify adjectives? (2) Describe the manner in which we express equality of intensity. (3) What is said or