packing stock, etc., shall be plainly labeled "Renovated butter." Imitation cheese. The manufacture or sale of any article in imitation of pure cheese, into which any animal fat, oil, or butter, etc., is introduced is prohibited. Miscellaneous. is permitted. Milch cows shall not be kept in an unsanitary condition nor be fed distillery waste, spoiled feeds, or any food that injures milk; silage Milk. (No law.) Butter. NORTH CAROLINA. Butter is defined as the product manufactured from fresh and pure milk and cream. Cheese. (No law.) Oleomargarine and butterine are defined as articles manufactured Imitation butter. in imitation of butter, and which are composed of any ingredient or ingredients in combination with butter. Original packages shall be labeled with names of chemical ingredients and their proportions. District, county, and city attorneys shall prosecute offenders against oleomargarine law. Imitation cheese. (No law.) Miscellaneous. (No law.) An article of food or drink is deemed adulterated if any inferior or Pure food. injurious substance has been added to it, if any valuable constituent has been removed, if it is an imitation of or sold as another article, if it is colored to conceal inferiority, if it is decomposed or unfit for food, if it is misbranded, etc. With the exception of mixtures, etc., known by distinctive names, labeled as mixtures, or containing matter unavoidably or necessarily added in preparation for commerce, such articles are prohibited. No conviction when defendant can prove written guaranty of purity from supplier. The board of agriculture shall fix standards of foods, beverages, and condiments, and publish results of examinations made by the chemists of the department of agriculture. Upon evidence from the commissioner of agriculture, solicitors shall conduct prosecutions under pure-food law. Assistant dairy and food commissioner. NORTH DAKOTA. The commissioner of agriculture appoints a deputy known as the assistant dairy and food commissioner, who is familiar with the manufacture of dairy products; term, same as commissioner's; salary, $600 per year. One thousand dollars annually and the fines collected in prosecutions are appropriated for his work. Detailed reports are made biennially. He acts also as director of farmers' institutes. Milk. Milk standard, 12 per cent solids, 3 per cent fat. Venders in cities or towns of more than 1,000 inhabitants must furnish certain information to the assistant commissioner and obtain license from him. Cream.--Cream shall contain at least 15 per cent fat. Skimmed milk.-Skimmed milk shall be sold for what it is. Impure milk.-The disposal or use in any human food of unhealthy, adulterated, etc., milk, or cream from same, is prohibited. Butter and cheese. For the purpose of one act, butter and cheese are defined as the products usually known by those names and which are manufactured exclusively from milk or cream. Creameries shall brand each package of butter and cheese, showing quality of product, number of factory, etc. The brands are registered with the assistant commissioner. Managers of creameries and cheese factories shall make annual reports on blanks furnished for the purpose. Skimmed-milk cheese.-Cheese made from milk which has been skimmed shall be plainly marked, on itself and on the package,Skimmed-milk cheese." Any article in imitation of pure yellow butter and not made from Imitation butter. pure milk is prohibited; but oleomargarine, free from color to cause it to look like butter, and made in a distinct form and sold in such manner as will advise consumers of its real character, is permitted. Notice of its use in public eating places must be given to patrons. Imitations shall be distinctly marked and sales shall be accompanied by a printed card giving names of the ingredients. Renovated and patent butters.-Butter made from melted packing stock, etc., shall be plainly labeled "Renovated butter," and that made by any process by which casein of milk or other ingredients are made to take the place of pure butter fat shall be plainly marked “Patent butter." Imitation cheese. Substitutes for pure cheese, including filled cheese, shall be plainly labeled so their character and quality will be shown. Sales shall be accompanied by a printed card giving names of ingredients. Miscellaneous. Cows shall be well stabled and fed pure feed. Dairy and food commissioner. OHIO. State dairy and food commissioner is elected at the general elections; term of office, two years: salary, $2,000 per year. He shall give bond for $5,000. May appoint two assistant commissioners at salaries of $1,000 per year; also appoint and fix the compensation of experts, chemists, agents, etc., as are necessary. Detailed annual report shall be made to the governor. Authority extends to all foods and drugs. (Appropriation for 1900, $50,340.1 Milk. Milk standard, 12 per cent solids, 3 per cent fat; in May and June, 11 per cent solids. Skimmed milk.-Skimmed milk shall not be sold as pure milk, but it may be used for making skimmed cheese: cans containing it shall be plain y marked "Skimmed milk." Condensed milk.-Condensed milk shall be made from pure fresh milk; the proportion of milk solids shall be equivalent to 12 per cent in crude milk, of which 25 per cent shall be fat; package containing same shall be plainly labeled with true name and brand, and name of manufacturer. Adulterated milk.—The sale of adulterated, skimmed, unclean, unhealthy, etc., milk, and that from sick cows, or its delivery to a factory, is prohibited. Butter and cheese. Butter and cheese are defined as the products usually known by those names, and made wholly from pure milk or cream, with salt, and with or without harmless coloring matter, and, if cheese, with or without rennet and sage. False brands are prohibited. Keeping false account of milk delivered to a factory is prohibited. Butter.-Standard for butter, 80 per cent fat. Cheese.-Must contain at least 20 per cent fat. Registered brands with the words "Ohio State full cream cheese" are issued to factories for use on full milk cheese and their packages upon application to the dairy and food commissioner and payment of fee of $1. Skimmed cheese.-Cheese as above defined, and containing less than 20 per cent fat, shall be plainly marked, and have its package marked, "Skimmed cheese;" packages sold at retail shall be accompanied by a label similarly marked; exposed contents of a package shall be labeled as above with a placard, and a sign "Skimmed cheese sold here" shall be posted where it is sold; delivery wagons shall display similar signs; notice shall be given of its use in public eating places. Imitation butter and cheese. With the exceptions noted below, any article in imitation of natural butter or cheese, and containing animal or vegetable oils not produced from milk, or acids, is prohibited. Any other substance not made wholly from pure milk or cream, salt, and harmless coloring 1 See footnote, page 81. matter, and appearing to be butter or cheese, may be sold only under its true name. Each roll or package shall be plainly marked with its name and the names of its ingredients, and the same shall be on a label delivered with each sale, in connection with which the use of such words as "butter," "dairy," etc., or false brands, are prohibited; information as to the substance shall be given at all retail sales; it shall not be packed so as to be concealed by a finer grade of butter; its use in State charitable and penal institutions is prohibited. Signs shall be used as described below. Oleomargarine.-Oleomargarine is defined as any substance not pure butter of not less than 80 per cent butter fat and made for use as butter. It is permitted if free from coloring matter or other ingredient to cause it to look like butter, and made in such form and sold in such manner as will advise the consumer of its real character. Filled cheese.-Any article in imitation of cheese and not made wholly of milk or cream, etc., and containing any fats, oils, etc., not produced from milk or cream, shall be plainly marked and have its package or the exposed contents of any package marked "Filled cheese;" each retail sale shall be accompanied by a label similarly marked; it shall not be sold as cheese. Signs. The signs "Oleomargarine sold here" or "Filled cheese sold here" shall be displayed wherever these articles are sold, and signs and verbal information are required in public eating places where the articles are used; wagons delivering filled cheese shall display signs. Miscellaneous. Pure food. Milch cows shall not be kept in a cramped or unhealthy condition, nor fed unhealthy food, or food which produces unwholesome milk. Any article of food or drink is adulterated if any inferior or poisonous substance has been mixed with it; if any valuable ingredient has been removed; if it is an imitation of or sold under the name of another article; if it is decomposed, infected, or from a diseased animal; if it is colored to conceal inferiority, etc. Such articles are prohibited; but certain common mixtures are permitted if packages are labeled with names of ingredients, etc. Milk. OKLAHOMA. Adulterated milk.-Milk from a cow not in 'proper condition of health, or any milk adulterated by water or a deleterious substance, or colored, shall not be sold or delivered. Butter. (No law.) Cheese. (No law.) Imitation butter. (No law.) Imitation cheese. (No law.) Miscellaneous. (No law.) Pure food. The adulteration of food or drink with fraudulent intent is a misdemeanor. Buyer shall be informed if provisions are diseased or unwholesome. Board of health shall destroy any impure article of food offered for sale. Dairy and food commissioner. OREGON. After June, 1900, the dairy and food commissioner, who shall be well qualified in dairy matters, will be chosen by the electors of the State; term of office, four years; salary, $1,000 per year; shall enforce the law, inspect creameries, and give dairy instruction; may appoint and fix compensation of one deputy in each county; reports to the legislature. Chemist of State agricultural college shall make analyses. Milk. Milk standard, not more than 88 per cent water, nor less than 3 per cent fat, nor less than 8 per cent solids other than fat, nor less than 1.038 specific gravity after cream has been removed. Impure milk.-Milk from cows fed un wholesome feeds or near time of parturition is deemed impure. Cream.-Standard, 20 per cent fat. Condensed milk.—Standard, “12 per cent of milk solids in pure milk, 25 per cent of which shall be pure fat." Manufacturers of more than 25 pounds of butter or cheese per Butter and cheese. week shall make detailed annual reports to the commissioner. Butter.-Butter standard, not more than 14 per cent water. Process butter.— Reworked or mixed butter shall be marked "Process butter," and not "Creamery butter." Tub butter.-Tub or packed butter, remolded into prints, etc., shall be marked "Tub butter," and not "Creamery butter." The use of boxes or brands of one creamery or dairy for selling the butter of another is prohibited. Cheese.Standard, 40 per cent fat as compared with total solids. Imitation butter and cheese. commissioner. Sales of oleomargarine and all imitations of dairy products shall be recorded and records shall be open to the Milch cows shall be allowed 800 cubic feet of air space each in sta Miscellaneous. bles; when facing each other shall not be closer than 6 feet, unless separated by air-tight partitions at least 4 feet high. Stables shall be well ventilated and kept in a healthful condition. An article of food or drink is deemed adulterated if any inferior subPure food. stance has been mixed with it, if any valuable constituent has been removed, if it is in imitation of or sold as another article, if it is colored to conceal inferiority, etc. Salt and annotto, or butter color in which annotto is the principal ingredient, are not adulterants of dairy products. Such articles shall not be sold unless plainly marked to show their true character, nor served in public eating places unless notice of their use is given. PENNSYLVANIA. The dairy and food commissioner, who shall have pracDairy and food commissioner. tical experience in the manufacture of dairy products, is appointed by the governor; term of office, four years; salary, $2,500 per year. He shall have a clerk, appointed by the governor; salary, $1,500 per year. Authority extends to other foods. Commissioner shall make a detailed annual report. Moneys paid into the treasury under the provisions of the 1899 oleomargarine law constitute a special fund for enforcement of that law. Milk standard in cities of the second and third class, 124 per cent solids, Milk. 3 per cent fat, specific gravity at 60° F. between 1.029 and 1.033. In towns of over 1,000 population, vehicles from which milk is vended shall be marked with names of vendors and locality of production; and in cities of the second class dairies and milk depots shall be registered by the bureau of health. Skimmed milk.-Skimmed-milk standard in cities of the second and third class, 6 per cent cream by volume, 24 per cent fat by weight, specific gravity at 60° F. between 1.032 and 1.037; milk from which any cream has been taken shall not be sold unless in a vessel plainly marked "Skimmed milk." Adulterated milk.-The sale of adulterated, impure, or unwholesome milk is a misdemeanor. The addition of water or ice to milk is an adulteration, and milk from animals fed on distillery waste or any substance in a state of putrefaction, or from sick or diseased cows, is declared to be impure and unwholesome. The sale of milk for human consumption which contains boracic acid salt, salicylic acid, or other drug is prohibited. Councils of cities and boroughs may provide for milk inspection. Butter. (No law.) Cheese. All cheese is divided into five grades, and each cheese and its package shall be plainly branded with the address of the maker and the words "Full cream" if it contains not less than 32 per cent of butter fat: "Three-fourths cream" if it contains not less than 24 per cent butter fat; "One-half cream" if it contains not less than 16 per cent butter fat; “One-fourth cream" if it contains not less than 8 per cent butter fat; and "Skimmed cheese" if it contains less than 8 per cent butter fat. Fancy cheese weighing less than five pounds, and pot cheese, are excepted. Imitation butter. The manufacture or sale of any article not made from pure milk or cream and in imitation of pure yellow butter is prohibited; but oleomargarine, butterine, or similar substance is permitted if free from color or other ingredient to make it look like butter, and made in such form and sold in such manner as will advise the consumer of its real character, and if the manufacturer or dealer shall have a license. Every package or parcel shall be plainly labeled "Oleomargarine" or "Butterine," and signs obtained from the dairy commissioner shall be displayed where it is made or sold. Wagons of peddlers shall be plainly marked. License fees are as follows per year: Manufacturers, $1,000; wholesalers, $500; retailers, $100; restaurant keeper or hotel proprietor, $50, and boarding house keeper, $10; the different classes are defined. Imitation butter shall not be used in any State charitable or penal institution. Renovated butter.— Butter made from melted packing stock, etc., as "boiled" or "process" butter shall be plainly labeled Renovated butter" before sold or offered for sale, whether in small or large packages. Imitation cheese. Cheese not produced wholly from pure milk or cream is prohibited. Miscellaneous. (No law.) Pure food. An article of food or drink is deemed adulterated if any inferior or injurious substance has been mixed with it; if any valuable constituent has been removed; if it is in imitation of or sold as another article; if it is diseased, decomposed, infected; if it is colored to conceal inferiority, etc. With certain exceptions, which shall be labeled, such articles are prohibited. RHODE ISLAND. Milk. Milk standard, 12 per cent solids, 24 per cent fat; shall be sold by wine measure; vessels to be sealed by the sealer of weights and measures. Skimmed milk.--Skimined milk is that which has been skimmed, or is below the standard. It shall be sold only from cans plainly marked Skimmed milk.” Adulterated milk.-The sale or exchange of adulterated or diseased milk or that from diseased cattle or cows fed on distillery refuse, etc., is prohibited. The mayor and aldermen of any city and the council of any town may elect and fix the compensation of milk inspectors. In Providence this is compulsory. Inspectors may appoint collectors of samples. All persons engaged in selling milk must register with the inspector and have their names on their wagons, etc. Names of persons convicted are published. Butter. All butter tubs shall be marked with their weights and maker's initials. Cheese. (No law.) Any article not made wholly from milk or cream, but containing Imitation butter. any melted butter to take the place of cream, or animal oil or fat not the product of milk, shall be plainly marked “Oleomargarine," and a label similarly printed shall be delivered with all retail sales. Pure food. The authority of milk inspectors extends to other foods. |