VOTING MACHINES

SEC. 6. The inhibitions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, the Legislature shall have power to provide that in different parts of the State different methods may be employed for receiving and registering the will of the people as expressed at elections, and may provide that mechanical devices may be used within designated subdivisions of the State at the option of the local authority indicated by the Legislature for that purpose. [New section; amendment adopted November 4, 1902.]

(Article IV, section 25, 1902)

FISH AND GAME DISTRICTS

SEC. 253. The Legislature may provide for the division of the State into fish and game districts, and may enact such laws for the protection of fish and game therein as it may deem appropriate to the respective districts. [New section; amendment adopted November 4, 1902.]

(Article IV, section 36, 1902)

ESTABLISH SYSTEM OF HIGHWAYS

SEC. 36. The Legislature shall have power to establish a system of State highways or to declare any road a State highway, and to pass all laws necessary or proper to construct and maintain the same, and to extend aid for the construction and maintenance in whole or in part of any county highway. [New section; amendment adopted November 4, 1902.]

(Article V, section 15, 1898)

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES

SEC. 15. A Lieutenant-Governor shall be elected at the same time and place, and in the same manner, as the Governor, and his term of office and his qualifications shall be the same. He shall be president of the Senate, but shall only have a casting vote therein. [Amendment adopted November 8, 1898.]

(Article V, section 16, 1898)

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR MAY BECOME GOVERNOR, WHEN

SEC. 16. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, or his removal from office, death, inability to discharge the powers and duties of his office, resignation, or absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the Lieutenant-Governor for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall cease. And should the

Lieutenant-Governor be impeached, displaced, resign, die, or become incapable of performing the duties of his office, or be absent from the State, the president pro tempore of the Senate shall act as Governor until the vacancy in the office of Governor shall be filled at the next general election when members of the Legislature shall be chosen, or until such disability of the Lieutenant-Governor shall cease. case of a vacancy in the office of Governor for any of the reasons above

In

named, and neither the Lieutenant-Governor nor the president pro tempore of the Senate succeed to the powers and duties of Governor, then the powers and duties of such office shall devolve upon the Speaker of the Assembly, until the office of Governor shall be filled at such general election. [Amendment adopted November 8, 1898.]

(Article VI, section 17, 1905)

SEC. 17. The justices of the supreme court and of the district courts of appeal, and the judges of the superior courts, shall severally, at stated times during their continuance in office, receive for their service such compensation as is or shall be provided by law. The salaries of the judges of the superior court, in all counties having but one judge, and in all counties in which the terms of the judges of the superior court expire at the same time, shall not hereafter be increased or diminished after their election, nor during the term for which they shall have been elected. Upon the adoption of this amendment the salaries then established by law shall be paid uniformly to the justices and judges then in office. The salaries of the justices of the supreme court and of the district courts of appeal shall be paid by the state. One half of the salary of each superior court judge shall be paid by the state; and the other half thereof shall be paid by the county for which he is elected. On and after the first day of January, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and seven the justices of the supreme court shall each receive an annual salary of eight thousand dollars, and the justices of the several district courts of appeal shall each receive an annual salary of seven thousand dollars; the said salaries to be payable monthly.

(Article IX, sections 10 and 11, 1900)

LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY

SEC. 10. The trusts and estates created for the founding, endow ment, and maintenance of the Leland Stanford Junior University, under and in accordance with "An Act to advance learning, etc.," approved March ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, by the endowment grant executed by Leland Stanford and Jane Lathrop Stanford on the eleventh day of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and recorded in liber eighty-three of deeds, at page twenty-three, et seq., records of Santa Clara County, and by the amendments of such grant, and by gifts, grants, bequests and devises supplementary thereto, and by confirmatory grants, are permitted, approved, and confirmed. The board of trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, as such, or in the name of the institution, or by other intelligible designation of the trustees or of the institution, may receive property, real or personal, and wherever situated, by gift, grant, devise, or bequest, for the benefit of the institution, or of any department thereof, and such property, unless otherwise provided, shall be held by the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University upon the trusts provided for in the grant founding the university, and amendments thereof, and grants, bequests, and devises supplementary thereto. The Legislature, by special Act, may grant to the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University corporate powers and privileges, but it shall not thereby alter their tenure or limit their powers or obligations as trustees. All property

now or hereafter held in trust for the founding, maintenance or benefit of the Leland Stanford Junior University, or of any department. thereof, may be exempted by special Act from State taxation, and all personal property so held, the Palo Alto farm as described in the endowment grant to the trustees of the university, and all other real property so held and used by the university for educational purposes exclusively, may be similarly exempted from county and municipal taxation; provided, that residents of California shall be charged no fees for tuition unless such fees be authorized by Act of the Legislature. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1900.]

CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ARTS

SEC. 11. All property now or hereafter belonging to "The California School of Mechanical Arts," an institution founded and endowed by the late James Lick to educate males and females in the practical arts of life, and incorporated under the laws of the State of California, November twenty-third, eighteen hundred and eightyfive, having its school buildings located in the City and County of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the Governor. The Legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1900.]

(Article IX, section 6, 1902)

PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM, AND TAX

SEC. 6. The public school system shall include primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools, and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority. The entire revenue derived from the State School Fund and from the general State school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of primary and grammar schools; but the Legislature may authorize and cause to be levied a special State school tax for the support of high schools and technical schools, or either of such schools, included in the public school system, and all revenue derived from such special tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of the schools for which such special tax shall be levied. [Amendment adopted November 4, 1902.]

(Article IX, section 7, 1894)

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION- -TEXT-BOOKS

EDUCATION

-COUNTY BOARDS OF

SEC. 7. The Governor, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the University of California, and the professor of pedagogy therein, and the principals of the State normal schools shali constitute the State Board of Education, and shall compile, or cause to be compiled, and adopt a uniform series of text-books for use in the common schools throughout the State. The State Board may cause such text-books, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing, at the State Printing Office,

and, when so printed and published, to be distributed and sold at the cost price of printing, publishing, and distributing the same. The text-books so adopted shall continue in use not less than four years; and said State Board shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the State. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1894.]

(Article IX, section 13, 1905)

SEC. 13. All property now or hereafter belonging to the Cogswell Polytechnical College, an institution for the advancement of learning, incorporated under the laws of the State of California, and having its buildings located in the city and county of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the governor. The legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given.

(Article XI, section 3, 1894)

NEW COUNTIES

SEC. 3. The Legislature, by general and uniform laws, may provide for the formation of new counties; provided, however, that no new county shall be established which shall reduce any county to a population of less than eight thousand; nor shall a new county be formed containing a less population than five thousand; nor shall any line thereof pass within five miles of the county seat of any county proposed to be divided. Every county which shall be enlarged or created from territory taken from any other county or counties, shall be liable for a just proportion of the existing debts and liabilities of the county or counties from which such territory shall be taken. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1894.]

(Article XI, section 6, 1896; section 7, 1894; section 8, 1902; section 84, 1896)

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS

SEC. 6. Corporations for municipal purposes shall not be created by special laws; but the Legislature, by general laws, shall provide for the incorporation, organization, and classification, in proportion to population, of cities and towns, which laws may be altered, amended, or repealed. Cities and towns heretofore organized or incorporated may become organized under such general laws whenever a majority of the electors voting at a general election shall so determine, and shall organize in conformity therewith; and cities and towns heretofore or hereafter organized, and all charters thereof framed or adopted by authority of this Constitution, except in municipal affairs, shall be subject to and controlled by general laws. [Amendment adopted November 3, 1896.]

CONSOLIDATION OF CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS

SEC. 7. City and county governments may be merged and consolidated into one municipal government, with one set of officers, and may be incorporated under general laws providing for the incorporation and organization of corporations for municipal purposes. The provisions of this Constitution applicable to cities, and also those applicable to counties, so far as not inconsistent or prohibited to cities, shall be applicable to such consolidated government. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1894.]

CHARTERS OF CITIES

SEC. 8. Any city containing a population of more than three thousand five hundred inhabitants may frame a charter for its own government, consistent with and subject to the Constitution and laws of this State, by causing a board of fifteen freeholders, who shall have been for at least five years qualified electors thereof, to be elected by the qualified voters of said city at any general or special election, whose duty it shall be, within ninety days after such election, to prepare and propose a charter for such city, which shall be signed in duplicate by the members of such board, or a majority of them, and returned, one copy to the Mayor thereof, or other chief executive officer of such city, and the other to the Recorder of the county. Such proposed charter shall then be published in two daily newspapers of general circulation in such city, for at least twenty days, and the first publication shall be made within twenty days after the completion of the charter; provided, that in cities containing a population of not more than ten thousand inhabitants, such proposed charter shall be published in one such daily newspaper; and within not less than thirty days after such publication it shall be submitted to the qualified electors of said city at a general or special election, and if a majority of such qualified electors voting thereon shall ratify the same, it shall thereafter be submitted to the Legislature for its approval or rejection as a whole, without power of alteration or amendment. Such approval may be made by concurrent resolution, and if approved by a majority vote of the members elected to each house, it shall become the charter of such city, or if such city be consolidated with a county, then of such city and county, and shall become the organic law thereof, and supersede any existing charter and all amendments thereof, and all laws inconsistent with such charter. A copy of such charter, certified by the Mayor, or chief executive officer, and authenticated by the seal of such city, setting forth the submission of such charter to the electors, and its ratification by them, shall, after the approval of such charter by the Legislature, be made in duplicate, and deposited, one in the office of the Secretary of State, and the other, after being recorded in said Recorder's office, shall be deposited in the archives of the city, and thereafter all courts shall take judicial notice of said charter. The charter, so ratified, may be amended at intervals of not less than two years by proposals therefor, submitted by the legislative authority of the city to the qualified electors thereof at a general or special election, held at least forty days after the publication of such proposals for twenty days in a daily newspaper of general circulation in such city, and ratified by a majority of the electors