United States Code

(b) Debate on the resolution shall be limited to not to exceed ten hours, which shall be equally divided between those favoring and those opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate shall not be debatable. No amendment to, or motion to recommit, the resolution shall be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the resolution is agreed to or disagreed to. (June 20, 1949, ch. 226, title II, § 205, 63 Stat. 207.)

§ 133z-15. Decisions on motions to postpone or proceed to be without debate.

(a) All motions to postpone, made with respect to the discharge from committee, or the consideration of, a resolution with respect to a reorganization plan, and all motions to proceed to the consideration of other business, shall be decided without debate.

(b) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to a resolution with respect to a reorganization plan shall be decided without debate. (June 20, 1949, ch. 226, title II, § 206, 63 Stat. 207.)

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 2 OF 1949

14 F. R. 5225, 63 Stat. 1065

Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, June 20, 1949, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, approved June 20, 1949 [sections 133z to 1332-15 of this title].

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

The

§ 1. BUREAU OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY The Bureau of Employment Security of the Federal Security Agency, including the United States Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance Service, together with the functions thereof, is transferred as an organizational entity to the Department of Labor. functions of the Federal Security Administrator with respect to employment services, unemployment compensation, and the Bureau of Employment Security, together with his functions under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (as amended, and as affected by the provisions of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1946, 60 Stat. 1095, 26 U. S. C 1600-11), are transferred to the Secretary of Labor. The functions transferred by the provisions of this section shall be performed by the Secretary of Labor or, subject to his direction and control, by such officers, agencies, and employees of the Department of Labor as he shall designate.

§ 2. VETERANS' PLACEMENT SERVICE BOARD

The functions of the Veterans' Placement Service Board under title IV of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 284, as amended; 38 U. S. C. 695-695f) are transferred to and shall be performed by the Secretary of Labor. The functions of the Chairman of the said Veterans' Placement Service Board are transferred to the Secretary of Labor and shall be performed by the Secretary or, subject to his direction and control, by the Chief of the Veterans' Employment Service. The Veterans' Placement Service Board is abolished.

§ 3. FEDERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL

The Federal Advisory Council established pursuant to section 11 (a) of the Act of June 6, 1933 (48 Stat. 116, as amended, 29 U. S. C. 49j (a)), is hereby transferred to the Department of Labor and shall, in addition to its duties under the aforesaid Act, advise the Secretary of Labor and the Director of the Bureau of Employment Security with respect to the administration and coordination of the functions transferred by the provisions of this reorganization plan.

§ 4. PERSONNEL, RECORDS, PROPERTY, AND FUNDS There are transferred to the Department of Labor, for use in connection with the functions transferred by the provisions of this reorganization plan, the personnel, property, records and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds (available or to be made available) of the Bureau of Employment Security, together with so much as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine of other personnel, property, records and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and funds (available or to be made available) of the Federal Security Agency which relate to functions transferred by the provisions of this reorganization plan.

MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of the United States:

I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1949, prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949. This plan transfers the Bureau of Employment Security, now in the Federal Security Agency, to the Department of Labor and vests in the Secretary of Labor the functions of the Federal Security Administrator with respect to employment services and unemployment compensation, the latter of which is now more commonly referred to as unemployment insurance. The plan also transfers to the Secretary of Labor the functions of the Veterans' Placement Service Board and of its Chairman and abolishes that Board. These changes are in general accord with recommendations made by the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.

After investigation, I have found and hereby declare that each reorganization included in Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1949 is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2 (a) of said act [section 133z (a) of this title]. The primary benefits from these reorganizations will take the form of improvements in administration and service. It is probable that a significant reduction in expenditures will result from the taking effect of the plan as compared with the current estimates and work-load assumptions contained in the 1950 budget as amended, but an itemization of such savings is not possible in advance of the transfer.

One of the major needs of the executive branch is a sound and effective organization of labor functions. More than 35 years ago the Federal Government's labor functions were brought together in the Department of Labor. In recent years, however, the tendency has been to disperse such functions throughout the Government. New labor programs have been placed outside of the Department and some of its most basic functions have been transferred from the Department to other agencies.

In my judgment, this course has been fundamentally unsound and should be reversed. The labor programs of the Federal Government constitute a family of interrelated functions requiring generally similar professional training and experience, involving numerous overlapping problems, and calling for strong, unified leadership. Together they form one of the most important areas of Federal activity. It is imperative that the Labor Department be strengthened and restored to its original position as the central agency of the Government for dealing with labor problems.

BUREAU OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY

One of the most essential steps in improving the organization of labor functions is the transfer of the Bureau of Employment Security to the Department of Labor. This Bureau administers the activities of the Federal Government with respect to employment services and unemployment insurance. These activities mainly involve the review and apportionment of grants-in-aid, approval of State plans and grants, the conduct of research and developmental activities, and the provision of advice and assistance to the State agencies which actually conduct the services.

Public employment services and unemployment insurance are companion programs inextricably interrelated both in purpose and operation. The first assists workers in finding jobs and employers in obtaining workers; the second provides cash benefits for the support of workers and their families when suitable jobs cannot be obtained. Thus, each complements the other. At the local operating

level the two programs are almost invariably carried on in the same unit-the local employment office. At the State level they are administered by the same agency in nearly every State. As a result, an unusually high degree of

coordination at the Federal level is essential.

There can be no question as to the basic consideration which must govern the administration of both of these programs. From the standpoint of all interested parties— the worker, the employer, and the public-the primary concern is employment. Essential as they are, unemployment benefits at a fraction of regular wages are a poor substitute for the earnings from a steady job. In the administration of these programs, therefore, primary attention must be focused on achieving the maximum effectiveness of the employment services. On them depend the prosperity and well-being of the worker and the extent of the unemployment-compensation burden on the employer and the public.

I have long been convinced that the Department of Labor is the agency which can contribute most to the development of sound and efficient employment service. It has the understanding of employment problems and of the operation of the labor market which is essential in this field. It possesses the necessary specialists and the wealth of information on occupations, employment trends, wage rates, working conditions, labor legislation and other matters essential to employment counseling and placement.

Close working relations between the United States Employment Service and most of the agencies of the Labor Department are vital to the success of both. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has a fund of information on employment and occupations which is basic to the planning and operation of the Service. The Women's Bureau and the Child Labor Branch of the Wage and Hour Division afford expert advice on employment problems relating to women and adolescents. The Bureau of Labor Standards can assist the Service on questions of working conditions and other labor standards, and the Bureau of Apprenticeship on occupational-training problems. At the same time the various agencies of the Labor Department need the detailed current information on labor problems and the condition of the labor market which the United States Employment Service possesses.

Experience has demonstrated that unemployment insurance must be administered in close relationship with employment service and other employment programs. In many of our industrial States, and in most foreign countries, unemployment insurance is administered by the agency responsible for labor functions. Furthermore, the unemployment-insurance system has a vital stake in the effectiveness of the program for employment services, for what benefits the employment service also benefits the unemployment-insurance program.

The transfer of the Bureau of Employment Security, including the United States Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance Service, together with the functions thereof, will give assurance that primary emphasis will be placed on the improvement of the employment services and that maximum effort will be made to provide jobs in lieu of cash benefits.

The plan also transfers to the Department of Labor the Federal Advisory Council created by the act establishing the United States Employment Service. This Council consists of outstanding representatives of labor, management, and the public who are especially familiar with employment problems.

VETERANS' PLACEMENT SERVICE BOARD

Although the Veterans' Employment Service operates through the regular employment office system, its policies are determined by the Veterans' Placement Service Board created by the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. This Board consists of the heads of three Federal agencies, only one of which administers employment services. Furthermore, the full-time director of the Service is appointed by the Chairman of this Board, who is not otherwise engaged in employment-service activity, rather than by the head of the agency within which the service is administered. Such an arrangement is cumbersome and results in an undue division of authority and responsibility.

In order to simplify the administration of the Veterans' Employment Service and assure the fullest cooperation between it and the general employment service, the plan eliminates the Veterans' Placement Service Board and transfers its functions and those of its Chairman to the Secretary of Labor. By thus concentrating responsibility for the success of the Service, the plan will make for better service to the veteran seeking employment or vocational counseling.

This plan is a major step in the rebuilding and strengthening of the Department of Labor, which I am convinced is essential to the sound and efficient organization of the executive branch of the Government.

The White House, June 20, 1949.

HARRY S. TRUMAN.

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 3 OF 1949

14 F. R. 5225, 63 Stat. 1066

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

§ 1. FUNCTIONS OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL (a) There are hereby transferred to the Postmaster General the functions of all subordinate officers and agencies of the Post Office Department, including the functions of each Assistant Postmaster General, the Purchasing Agent for the Post Office Department, the Comptroller, and the Bureau of Accounts.

(b) The Postmaster General is hereby authorized to delegate to any officer, employee, or agency of the Post Office Department designated by him such of his functions as he deems appropriate.

§ 2. DEPUTY POSTMASTER GENERAL There shall be in the Post Office Department a Deputy Postmaster General, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall perform such duties as the Postmaster General may designate, and shall receive compensation at the rate of $17,500 per annum or such other compensation as may be provided by law for the under secretaries of executive departments after the date of transmittal of this reorganization plan to the Congress (as amended Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, § 3, 63 Stat. 880).

§ 3. ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS GENERAL There shall be in the Post Office Department four Assistant Postmasters General, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall perform such duties as the Postmaster General may designate, and shall receive compensation at the rate of $15,000 per annum or such other compensation as may be provided by law for the assistant secretaries of executive departments after the date of transmittal of this reorganization plan to the Congress (as amended Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695 § 5 (a), 63 Stat. 880).

§ 4. ADVISORY BOARD

There is hereby established an Advisory Board for the Post Office Department of which the Postmaster General shall be chairman and the Deputy Postmaster General the vice chairman. The Board shall have seven additional members, representative of the public, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members so appointed shall each receive compensation of $50 per diem when engaged in duties as members of the Board (including travel time to and from their homes or regular places of business) and reasonable subsistence and travel expense as determined by the Postmaster General. The Board shall meet quarterly at the seat of the government in the District of Columbia, or at such other time and place as the Postmaster General shall determine for the purpose of considering methods and policies for the improvement of the postal service, and shall advise and make recommendations to the Postmaster General with respect to such methods and policies.

§ 5. AGENCIES ABOLISHED

(a) There are hereby abolished the Bureau of Accounts in the Post Office Department (including the office of Comptroller) and the office of Purchasing Agent for the Post Office Department.

(b) The offices of First Assistant Postmaster General, Second Assistant Postmaster General, Third Assistant Postmaster General, and Fourth Assistant Postmaster General (5 U. S. C. 363) are hereby abolished; but the incumbents thereof immediately prior to the taking of effect of the provisions of this reorganization plan shall without reappointment be the first Assistant Postmasters General in office under the provisions of section 3 hereof.

§ 6. EMPLOYEES, RECORDS, PROPERTY, AND FUNDS The employees now being employed, and the records and property now being used or held, in connection with any functions transferred by the provisions of this reorganization plan are hereby transferred to such agencles of the Post Office Department as the Postmaster General shall designate. The unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds available or to be made available for use in connection with such functions shall remain so available.

MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of the United States:

I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1949, prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949. This plan constitutes an important first step in strengthening the organization of the Post Office Department.

One of the prime essentials of good departmental administration is authority from the Congress to a department head to organize and control his department. The Commission on Organization of the executive branch of the Government emphasized in its first and subsequent reports that separate authorities to subordinates should be eliminated. The plan gives the Postmaster General the necessary authority to organize and control his Department by transferring to him the functions of all subordinate officers and agencies of the Post Office Department, including the functions of each Assistant Postmaster General, the Purchasing Agent, the Comptroller, and the Bureau of Accounts. The Postmaster General is authorized to delegate to subordinates designated by him such of his functions as he may deem appropriate.

The Postmaster General is responsible for the management of one of the world's largest businesses. Like the head of any large business, the Postmaster General should be given adequate top-level assistance in carrying on the operations of the Department so that he may have time to devote to matters of departmental and public policy. In order to provide needed assistance to the Postmaster General, the plan establishes the positions of Deputy Postmaster General, and four Assistant Postmasters General, comparable to the positions of Under Secretary and Assistant Secretaries in other departments. The plan also establishes an Advisory Board for the Post Office Department, composed of the Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, and seven other members representing the public who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Advisory Board will make available to the Postmaster General the advice of outstanding private citizens and will afford a useful channel for the interchange of views between postal officials and the public concerning the operations of the postal service.

I have found after investigation that each reorganization contained in the plan is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2 (a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949 [section 133z (a) of this title]. I have also found and hereby declare that by reason of the reorganization made by this plan, it is necessary to include in the plan provisions for the appointment and compensation of the Deputy Postmaster General, four Assistant Postmasters General, and members of the Advisory Board for the Post Office Department. The plan abolishes the Bureau of Accounts of the Post Office Department and the offices of Comptroller, Purchasing Agent, First, Second, Third, and Fourth Assistant Postmasters General.

This plan carries into effect those of the recommendations of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government respecting the Post Office Department which can be accomplished under the provisions of the Reorganization Act. I am also transmitting to the Congress recommendations for legislation which will implement other recommendations of the Commission and place the operations of the Post Office Department on a more businesslike basis.

The primary result of this reorganization plan will be more effective administration. Although a substantial reduction in expenditures will not be brought about by the plan alone, major economies can be achieved over a period of time as a result of this plan and the enactment of the postal legislation which I am recommending to the Congress.

The White House, June 20, 1949.

HARRY S. TRUMAN.

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 4 OF 1949

14 F. R. 5227, 63 Stat. 1067

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

The National Security Council and the National Security Resources Board, together with their respective functions, records, property, personnel, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds (available or to be made available), are hereby transferred to the Executive Office of the President.

MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of the United States:

I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1949, prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949. The plan transfers the National Security Council and the National Security Resources Board to the Executive Office of the President. After investigation I have found, and I hereby declare, that each reorganization included in the plan is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2 (a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949 [section 133z (a) of this title].

The growth of the executive branch and the increasingly complex nature of the problems with which it must deal have greatly intensified the necessity of strong and wellcoordinated staff facilities to enable the President to meet his responsibilities for the effective administration of the executive branch of the Government. Ten years ago several of the staff agencies of the executive branch were brought together in the Executive Office of the President under the immediate direction of the President. The wisdom of this step has been demonstrated by greatly improved staff assistance to the President, which has contributed importantly to the management of the Government during the trying years of war and of postwar adjustment.

Since the creation of the Executive Office of the President, however, the Congress has further recognized the need for more adequate central staff and created two new important staff agencies to assist the President-the National Security Council and the National Security Resources Board. The primary function of the first of these agencies, as defined by statute, is

to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security.

The function of the second is

to advise the President concerning the coordination of military, industrial, and civilian mobilization. Within their respective fields these agencies assist the President in developing plans and policies which extend beyond the responsibility of any single department of the Government. In this they play a role similar in character to that of the various units of the Executive Office of the President. In fact, many of the problems with which they deal require close collaboration with the agencies of the Executive Office.

Since the principal purpose of the National Security Council and the National Security Resources Board is to advise and assist the President and their work needs to be coordinated to the fullest degree with that of other staff arms of the President, such as the Bureau of the Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers, it is highly desirable that they be incorporated in the Executive Office of the President. The importance of this transfer was recognized by the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, which specifically recommended such a change as one of the essential steps in strengthening the staff facilities of the President and improving the over-all management of the executive branch.

Because of the necessity of coordination with other staff agencies, the National Security Council and the National Security Resources Board are physically located with the Executive Office of the President and I have taken steps to assure close working relations between them and the agencies of the Executive Office. This plan, therefore, will bring their legal status into accord with existing administrative practice. It is not probable that the reorganizations included in the plan will immediately result in reduced expenditures. They will, however, provide a firm foundation for maintaining and furthering the efficient administrative relationships already established, and for assuring that we have provided permanent arrangements vitally necessary to the national security.

The White House, June 20, 1949.

HARRY S. TRUMAN.

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 5 OF 1949

14 F. R. 5227, 63 Stat. 1067

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

§ 1. CHAIRMAN, UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION The President of the United States shall from time to time designate one of the Civil Service Commissioners constituting the United States Civil Service Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Commission) as the presiding head of the Commission with the title of "Chairman, United States Civil Service Commission."

§ 2. FUNCTIONS OF CHAIRMAN

(a) In order to facilitate the most effective and expeditious administration of civil-service matters and related affairs, there are hereby transferred to the Chairman, United States Civil Service Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Chairman, who shall be the chief executive and administrative officer of the Commission:

(1) The functions of the President of the Commission; (2) The functions of the Executive Director and Chief Examiner of the Commission and of the Secretary thereof;

(3) The functions of the Commission with respect to the appointment of personnel employed under the Commission: Provided, That employees who are engaged regularly and full time in assisting the Commission in the performance of the functions reserved to it under sections 2 (a) (6) (1) to 2 (a) (6) (vii), inclusive, of this reorganization plan shall be appointed by the Commission: And provided further, That the regional directors, and the heads of the major administrative units reporting directly to the Chairman or to the Executive Director, shall be appointed by the Chairman only after consultation with the other Civil Service Commissioners;

(4) The functions of the Commission with respect to the direction of employees of the Commission, the supervision of all activities of such employees, the distribution of business among employees and organizational units of the Commission, and the direction of the internal management of the Commission's affairs: Provided, That there are not transferred by the provisions of this section 2 (a) (4) any functions with respect to employees whose appointment remains vested in the Commission under the first proviso of section (a) (3), above;

(5) The functions of the Commission with respect to directing the preparation of the budget estimates and

with respect to the use and expenditure of funds; and

(6) The functions of the Commission with respect to executing, administering, and enforcing (A) the civilservice rules and regulations of the President of the United States and of the Commission and the laws governing the same, and (B) the other activities of the Commission, including retirement and classification activities: Provided, That there are not transferred by the provisions of this section 2 (a) (6) the functions of the Commission with respect to:

(1) The preparation of suitable rules in accordance with the provisions of the first subsection of section 2 of the Act of January 16, 1883 (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) [section 633 of this title], and the making of an annual report under the fifth subsection of said section 2 [section 633 of this title];

(ii) The promulgation of any rules, regulations, or similar policy directives, now vested in the Commission;

(iii) The prevention of pernicious political activities, including such functions under the Act of July 19, 1940 (54 Stat. 767), as amended [sections 1181-118n of this title]:

(iv) The hearing or providing for the hearing of appeals, including appeals with respect to examination ratings, veterans' preference, racial and religious discrimination, disciplinary action, efficiency ratings, and dismissals, and the taking of such final action on such appeals as is now authorized to be taken by the Commission;

(v) The recommendation to the President for transmission to the Congress of such legislative or other measures as will promote an efficient Federal service and a systematic application of merit system principles, including measures relating to the selection, promotion, transfer, performance, pay, conditions of service, tenure, and separation of Federal employees;

(vi) The investigation of matters pertaining to the administration of functions of the Commission or Chairman; nor

(vii) The revision and submission to the Bureau of the Budget of budget estimates.

(b) The functions transferred by the provisions of sections 2 (a) (2) to 2 (a) (6), inclusive, of this reorganization plan shall be performed by the Chairman or, subject to his direction and control, by such officers and employees under his jurisdiction as he shall designate.

(c) Each Civil Service Commissioner, including the Chairman, and duly authorized representatives of the Commission or Chairman, shall have authority to administer oaths pursuant to section 1 of the Act of August 23, 1912 (ch. 350 [37 Stat. 372] [section 634 of this title]). § 3. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

There shall be under the Chairman an Executive Director who shall be appointed by the Chairman under the classified civil service. During the absence or disability of the Chairman, or in the event of a vacancy in the office of Chairman, the Executive Director shall perform those functions of the Chairman which are transferred to the Chairman by the provisions of sections 2 (a) (2) to 2 (a) (6), inclusive, of this reorganization plan unless the President shall designate another person so to perform said functions: Provided, That the Executive Director shall at no time sit as a member or acting member of the Commission.

§ 4. OFFICES ABOLISHED

The heretofore existing offices of Executive Director and Chief Examiner, and the office of Secretary of the Commission and the title of "President of the United States Civil Service Commission" are hereby abolished. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of the United States:

I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 5 of 1949, prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949. This plan provides for unified direction by the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission of the executive affairs of the Commission. At the same time, it maintains the advantages of the bipartisan three-member Commission. The Commission will continue to advise the President on the civil-service system, to issue the basic civil-service regulations, and to assure protection of merit-system prin

ciples by conducting investigations and determining appeals.

The need for this reorganization stems from the Government-wide importance of civil-service administration in the executive branch. As in private business, the effectiveness of Government departments and agencies depends in very large part on the competence and morale of the officers and employees. The management of every department and almost every agency and independent establishment is intimately affected by the civil-service system. It is essential that the Commission which directs that system should be effectively organized to discharge its responsibilities. This plan carries into effect one of the major recommendations of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.

The Civil Service Commission was established in 1883 as a three-member body to aid the President in making the civil-service rules, and to administer a comparatively simple civil-service system. Each Commissioner was made equally responsible under the law for performing the functions assigned to the Commission and the three members functioned as a body in the management of the agency.

Sixty-six years ago the new agency conducted a single major operating program-the recruitment and examination of candidates for admission to the civil service. Eight executive departments then constituted the entire executive branch. The total Federal employment was about 110,000. That is less than are now employed by any one of the five largest executive agencies.

Today the work of the Commission is vastly different, reflecting the great changes in the Government itself and the progress that has been made in personnel management, both in Government and private business. this original job of recruitment and examination, acts of Congress have subsequently added many other operating programs. Two of these in particular involve largescale operations: The administration of the civil-service retirement system and the administration of the Classification Act. This augmented program applies today to a government about 20 times as large as that of 1883, employing men and women drawn from almost every American occupation and profession. The statutory structure of the Civil Service Commission itself, however, has not been adjusted over the years to its changing functions.

In its analysis of Federal personnel management, the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government stressed the distinction between two types of functions now vested in the Civil Service Commission. In the interest of effective and equitable administration the nature of each of these functions must be recognized.

The development and promulgation of civil-service regulations for the guidance of the departments and agencies under the civil service, and the conduct of hearings on matters appealed by individuals or departments are appropriate for a three-member bipartisan Commission. Here deliberation is important for the protection of the integrity of the civil-service system.

On the other hand, the administrative direction of the day-to-day operations of the Commission's staff requires the unified leadership of one responsible individual. This is particularly so because of the operating relationships with the departments and agencies. Here decisive, prompt, and vigorous action is essential.

The operational functions require a type of leadership different from that useful for the deliberative functions. But under the present statutory organization, the same multiple leadership is provided for both.

Accordingly, this reorganization plan separates day-today administration from the regulatory and appellate functions. It leaves vested in the full Commission final authority with respect to (1) the formulation of civilservice rules and regulations, (2) hearing and taking action on all types of appeals, (3) the administration of the political-activity statutes, (4) the investigation of all matters pertaining to the civil service, and (5) the function of recommending measures to the President to promote the more effectual accomplishment of the objectives of the civil-service laws and rules.

To aid the full Commission in the exercise of these powers, the plan provides that the regular, full-time per

sonal assistants to the Commission shall be appointed by the Commission itself, and that regional directors and the heads of major administrative units shall be appointed by the Chairman only after consultation with the other Commissioners.

At the same time, to facilitate the most effective and expeditious administration of civil-service matters and related affairs, the plan concentrates operating responsibility and accountability in the Chairman by vesting in him the operating functions under the civil-service rules and regulations. As the chief executive and administrative officer, the Chairman is empowered to appoint, supervise, and direct the Commission staff in the administration of the Commission's affairs. In the conduct of civil-service operations the Chairman is subject to the regulations of the full Commission and to their investigatory powers and appellate jurisdiction. The plan leaves undisturbed the civil-service laws and rules as the controlling body of policy. It preserves the bipartisan nature of the Commission.

To provide assurance of undivided responsibility, the plan transfers to the Chairman all of the functions now vested in the President of the Commission, the Executive Director and Chief Examiner, and the Secretary of the Commission.

Thus the plan provides suitable organization arrangements for both the deliberative and the operational functions.

The plan also provides for the position of Executive Director, under the classified competitive civil service. He is to be the chief operating deputy to the Chairman. The Executive Director is authorized to perform the executive and administrative functions of the Chairman in his absence, but is specifically prohibited from sitting as a member or acting member of the Commission.

I have found after investigation and hereby declare that each reorganization included in the plan is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2 (a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949 [section 133z (a) of this title]. I have also found and hereby declare that by reason of the reorganizations made by this plan, it is necessary to include in the plan provisions for the appointment and compensation of the Executive Director.

It is important to consider the economies which will be realized by the adoption of reorganization plans. The Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government in its report on personnel management stated:

This is, of course, an area in which it is difficult to develop estimates of savings. After a careful consideration, however, of the various factors involved, the Commission does believe that great savings can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations are put into effect.

The economies to be attained by this plan will result from improvements in the operation of the civil-service system. It is improbable, however, that this plan, in itself, will result in substantial immediate savings. To accomplish the benefits envisioned in the report of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, this first step of internal adjustment in the organization of the Civil Service Commission should be followed by revisions in basic personnel legislation. The modification of the Civil Service Commission here proposed is designed to create a modern organization to meet today's problems-an organization which safeguards the merit principles of the civil service and at the same time makes possible the exercise of responsible, unified leadership in the administrative operations of the civilservice system.

The White House, June 20, 1949.

HARRY S. TRUMAN.

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 6 OF 1949

14 F. R. 5228, 63 Stat. 1069 Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, June 20, 1949, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, approved June 20, 1949, [sections 133z to 133z-15 of this title].

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