chichte der Beredsamkeit. (Demosthenes and Massillon. A contribution to the history of oratory.) Berlin, 1845, 8vo.-This is an excellent treatise on homiletics, viewed in connexion with rhetoric in general. The author gives an estimate of the character of Massillon as a preacher, which is no less just than it is high.

2. Classical Literature.

ANTIMACHI COLOPHONII Reliquias, præmissa de ejus vita et scriptis disputatione, collectas explanavit, H. G. STOLL. Dillenburgi, 1845, 8vo.

CÆSARIS AUGUSTI Index Rerum a se Gestarum. Sine Monumentum Ancyranum. Ex Reliquiis Græcæ Interpretationis restituit JOANNES FRANZIUS : Commentario perpetuo instruxit A. W. ZUMPTIUS. Berol. 1845, 4to.-Few more acceptable offerings have been made of late to the students of Roman history than this new and vastly improved edition of the Monumentum Ancyranum,' by two of the best Latin scholars of the age.

M. T. CICERONIS Oratio pro P. Sestio. Superiorum interpretum commentariis, suisque adnotationibus explanabit Car. Halm.-Lipsia, 1845, 8vo. This is one of a series of new editions of Cicero's Orations, the very important and useful object of which is simply to present a view of the present state of philology as applied to the works of the great orator.

CREUZER, FR.: Die Historische Kunst der Griechen in ihrer Entstehung und Fortbildung. (The historical art of the Greeks, in its origin and progress.) Darmstadt, 1845, 8vo.-The works of the veteran Creuzer, like those of several others of the fathers of the modern German philology, are now in progress of publication in a uniform series, under the editorship of Kayser, with corrections and additions, which bring them up to the present state of scholarship. The first and second portions of the collection are occupied by his well-known Symbolik.' This is the third. In addition to the original text, which first appeared more than forty-two years ago, it contains notes and illustrations derived from the works of the great modern scholars, many of whom are deeply indebted to Creuzer himself.

6

DEMOSTHENIS Opera. Recensuit, Græce et Latine, cum Fragmentis nunc primum collectis et indicibus auctis, edidit Dr. J. T. VOEMELIUS. Parisiis, 1845, 8vo. This is a most important addition to Didot's valuable series of Greek classics, which we have already more than once noticed.

DEMOSTHENIS Oratio in Aristocratem. Græca emendatiora edidit, apparatu critico, collatione codicis Parisini Sigmatiæ denuo instituta, prolegomenis, commentario perpetuo atque indicibus instruxit, E. G. WEBER, Prof. Gymn. Wimar. Jena, 1845, 8vo.-A most valuable edition of one of the most finished orations of Demosthenes, and one which stood in great need of a new critical examination.

DEMOSTHENIS Orationes Selectæ. Recognavit et explanavit H. SAUPPIUS. Vol. I. Gothæ, 1845, 8vo.—This is a new and valuable volume of that excellent series of Greek classics, the Bibliotheca Græca,' edited by Jacobs and Rost.

DIDYMI CHALCENTERI Opuscula, auctori suo restituta, ad codices antiquos recognita, annotatione illustrata, ed. FR. RITTER. Coloniæ, 1845, 8vo.-The chief object of this work is to vindicate the genuineness of the lives of Thucydides, Eschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, which are ascribed to the grammarian Didymus Chalcenterus, a contemporary of Cæsar and Augustus.

FLAVII PHILOSTRATI quæ supersunt, PHILOSTRATI JUNIORIS Imagines, CALLISTRATI descriptionis, edidit C. L. KAYSER. Pars secunda. Turici, Meyer et Zeller, 1845, 4to.-The present part completes this most useful work, which is one of the beautifully printed quartos of the Zurich press, uniform with the 'Plato,' and 'Oratores Attici.'

WACHSMUTH, W.: Hellenische Alterthumskunde aus dem Gesichtspuncte des Staats. (Greek Antiquities, viewed in the light of the State.) Second

edition, Halle, 1844-46, 2 vols. 8vo.-The first edition of Wachsmuth's book is well known to those English scholars who read German. It is the standard work on Greek antiquities. This second edition is almost a new work, especially in the arrangement of its contents. Valuable as the former edition was, this must entirely supplant it. It is lamentable to think how few of the works of this stamp, which are constantly appearing in Germany, are translated into English, and how few of those few are translated well.

3. History, Geography, and General Literature.

CARUS, DR. C. G.: England und Schottland im Jahre 1844. (England and Scotland in the year 1844.) Berlin, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo.-This most entertaining work is already known to some extent in England by the extracts which have appeared in various journals. The author is physician to the King of Saxony; and the work records the results of his observations on our country, which he visited in 1844, in attendance on that enlightened and inquisitive monarch.

CIRCOURT, LE COMTE A. DE: Histoire des Mores Mudejares et des Morisques ou des Arabes d'Espagne sous la domination des Chrétiens. Paris, 1846, 3 vols. 8vo.

DELECLUZE, E. J.: La Renaissance, Roland ou la Chevalerie. Paris, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo.-An interesting subject; but the author is one of those inaccurate writers, so numerous in France, who seem to think of nothing but how to write as many volumes in as taking a style as possible. He has already published several works on medieval history, such as the lives of Gregory VII. and Thomas Aquinas; and he now threatens a whole series of volumes on subjects connected with the present one.

DAHLMANN, F. C.: Geschichte der französischen Revolution bis auf die Stiftung der Republik. (The History of the French Revolution, up to the establishment of the Republic.) Leipzig, 1845, 8vo.-Dahlmann enjoys the reputation of being the most eloquent historical writer of Germany. In the present well-trodden field he interests us by his skilfulness in portraying persons and events, but he can scarcely be said to have gone below the surface and turned up any new treasures of fact or philosophy. None of the real difficulties of the subject receive any new solution. The form of the work resembles, in liveliness and dramatic power, that of a romance, the hero being Mirabeau.

GERARD, P. A. F.: La Barbarie franke et la Civilisation moderne. Etudes historiques. An amusing specimen of the mediaval mania, which is not confined to England, but extends also to France, where, however, it assumes a very different form. The author has no sympathies with Rome. The socalled barbarism of the old Germans is, in his view, the only true civilization; while the so-called civilization of ancient Rome is real barbarism: the latter, introduced by the Romish clergy, has corrupted the former, and society can only be reformed by the weeding out of every remnant of Roman influenceChristianity among the rest! The instrument of this civilization is to be philosophy.

Geschichte ANDREAS HOFER'S, Oberanführer der Tyroler im Kriege von 1809. (History of Andrew Hofer, chief leader of the Tyrolese in the war of 1809.) Second edition, Leipzig, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. This is one of the most excellent works of contemporary history. It is based throughout on original sources, such as the papers of the persons engaged in the events recorded. It leaves nothing to be desired for the perfect understanding of the resistance of the Tyrolese to their transference from Austria to Bavaria, and of the character of their leaders. One interesting point is, that Hofer, whose heroic deeds and death well earned the fame he has obtained, was not, however, in

counsel, the leading spirit of the insurrection, but acted at first entirely under the direction of Hormayer, whose name scarcely appears in the ordinary narratives. The work was originally published in 1817, but the present edition is so much enlarged and improved as to be in fact a new work.

GIRARDIN, SAINT-MARC: Essais de Littérature et de Morale. Paris, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo.-Girardin is well known as one of the most popular French writers, chiefly in periodical literature. These essays are eloquent and sparkling, but thoroughly impregnated with Gallic levity and one-sidedness. Most of them lie under the disadvantage of having been originally written for a newspaper. In the first essay we have an eulogium of Bossuet, who is represented as a giant, crushing the Reformation, and making Protestant Germany to tremble. Others of the essays are on the French theatre of the end of the eighteenth century, on Lafayette and his life, on Washington and the New World; while in the second volume the writer proceeds to a different class of subjects, comparing the Confessions of St. Augustine with those of Rousseau, discussing the characters of St. Antony, St. Methodius, and St. Chrysostom, giving a very inaccurate account of the Christian apocryphal books, and discoursing of various subjects in morals, politics, and history.

GRAEFE, DR. H.: Allgemeine Pädagogik. In drei Büchern. Leipzig, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. We notice this excellent manual, which contains the substance of lectures on the science of education, delivered in the university of Jena during two half-years, chiefly for the purpose of directing attention to the striking difference between the study of education as a science in Germany, and the almost total neglect of it in England. We might easily add the titles of scores of works which have recently appeared in Germany on the various

branches of educational science.

HERTZOG, DR. C.: Geschichte des Berner Volkes; von Bern's Entstehung bis auf unsere Zeit. (History of the Bernese People, from the origin of Bern, up to our time.) Bern, 1844-45, 8vo.-The succession of spirit-stirring events, which form the history of the most Swiss of the Swiss cantons, is related in this volume, in a lively and dramatic style, with great purity of language, and correctness of views. It is, in the best sense, a book for the people.

HILPERT, J. L.: Deutsches-Englisches Wörterbuch. (German-English Dictionary.) Carlsruhe, 1846, 4to.-We have long strongly felt the want of th a thoroughly good German dictionary, and from what we have already seen of this work, we have very great hope that it will be found to supply the deficiency.

LANZ, DR. KARL: Correspondenz des Kaiser Karl V. Aus dem Königlichen Archiv und der Bibliothèque de Bourgogne zu Brüssel. (The Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V. From the Royal Archives and the Burgundian Library at Brussels.) Vol. II., 1532-1549. Leipzig, 1845, 8vo. As the first volume of this collection is pretty generally known, we need only say that both volumes deserve the best attention of the student of history, and may be read with much interest by many who do not aspire to so grave a character, but who only wish to derive amusement from being transferred in idea into the midst of the stirring and momentous events of the sixteenth century. LEBER, A.: Choix des plus beaux discours du temps de la Révolution Française. Vol. I. Discours tenus à l'Assemblée nationale. Part II., Stuttgart, 1846, 8vo.

LEFEBVRE, T.: Voyage en Abyssinie, exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, par une Commission scientifique composée de MM. T. Lefebvre, A. Petit, et Quartin Dillon, &c. &c. Publié par ordre du Roi, sous les auspices de M. le Vice-Amiral' Baron de Mackau, Ministre de la Marine. Première partie. Rélation Historique. Tome I. Part II., Paris,

1845, 8vo.

Liechtenstern, T. VON: Die neuesten Ausichten von der Erdkunde in

ihrer Anwendung auf den Schulunterricht, dargestellt für Schulvorstände, geographische Lehrer, und Kartenzeichner. (The most recent views of geography, in their application to school education, arranged for principals of schools, teachers of geography, and map-draughtsmen.) Brunswick, 1846, 8vo. A most admirable manual, in which the results of recent discoveries and the views of the best modern writers are arranged in the form best adapted to form a guide for the teacher.

LOCHMARIA, LE COMTE DE: Souvenirs des Voyages de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourdeaux en Italie, en Allemagne, et dans les Etats de l'Autriche. Paris, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo.-Nothing can be more completely disappointing than the check and chill which this book gives to the curiosity naturally excited by its title. If it be indeed a fair specimen of the spirit which prevails at the wandering court of Henry V., then is it as true as it was thirty years ago, that the Bourbons have learnt nothing and forgotten nothing in their adversity. All is cold, formal, heartless, and legitimist, as if the author were waiting in the saloons of Le Grand Monarque, instead of sharing the pilgrimages of his unfortunate descendant. No wonder that the cause of the Duc de Bourdeaux is given up even by Austria and Russia, if he is surrounded by such impracticable advisers as this writer.

NIEBUHR, B. G.: Geschichte des Zeitalters der Revolution. Vorlesungen an der Universität zu Bonn im Sommer 1829 gehalten. (History of the Times of the Revolution. Lectures delivered in the university of Bonn in the summer of 1829.) 1st vol. Hamburg, 1845, 8vo.-More than fourteen years have flown away since Niebuhr's death, and as yet, of all the lectures on history which he delivered at the university of Bonn, only two courses have appeared, the first, we are proud to recollect, in England, under the editorship of Dr. Schmitz, whose pious care for the reputation of his illustrious teacher has at length stirred up the family of the great historian to do something for his fame. The only explanation that the delay admits of is given in the preface to this work, by the editor, who is Niebuhr's son. Of course,

we cannot here enter into an examination of the lectures. We merely remark, to guard those who may wish to read them against disappointment, that they are more a picture of Niebuhr than of the Revolution-more subjective than objective.

Περὶ πανεπιστημίων ἐν γένει καὶ ἰδιαιτέρως περὶ τοῦ ̓Οθωνείου πανεπιστημίου 'Ev 'Alivais. (Concerning Universities in general, and particularly concerning the Othonian University. Athens, 1845.)-How refreshing is it to a lover of Greece to meet with a work in Greek, on the subject of a Greek university, once more established at Athens, the university city of the ancient world! Though the Greek is modern Greek, though the government is Bavarian Greek, though the restorations, which have, as yet, been made at Athens, are paltry in the extreme, though the leaders of the nation are using their liberty for the meanest and most factious purposes, yet Greece is free, and is entering again upon the studies for which we love and cherish her original: and the rest, let us hope, will come right in time. The present work is interesting in another point of view, since its chief object is to discuss the constitution of other universities, in order to choose from them the best model for the regulation of the university of Athens.

SCHAUBACH, A.: Die Deutschen Alpen. Ein Handbuch für Reisenden durch Tyrol, Oesterreich, Steyermark, Illyrien, Oberbayern und die anstossenden Gebiete. (The German Alps. A Handbook for Travellers through the Tyrol, Austria, Steyermark, Illyria, Upper Bavaria, and the adjacent districts.) Jena. 1845. 2 vols. 8vo.-An invaluable work for the educated traveller. It embraces not only the necessary topographical details, with historical illustrations, but also the botany, geology, ethnology, and statistics of the countries passed through. It also contains an account of all the best works upon the district.

VARNHAGEN VON ENSE: Biographische Deukmale. (Biographical Memorials.) Vols. IV. and V. New Edition. Berlin, 1846. 8vo.-The friend and biographer of Goethe appears in these volumes as a still unwearied labourer in the field in which he has already done so much good service, and gained so much fame. The first of these two volumes contains the lives of Paul Flemming, Frederick Baron of Canitz, and Johann von Besser; the second is entirely occupied by a most interesting memoir of Count Zinzendorf.

Voyage au Dufour par le Cheyk MOHAMMED EBU Omar el Tounsy, Réviseur en Chef à l'Ecole de Médecine du Kaire; traduit de l'Arabe par le DR. PERRON, &c. &c.; ouvrage accompagné de Cartes et de Planches et du Portrait du Sultan Abou-Madian; publié par les Soins de M. Jomard, &c. &c. ; précédé d'une preface contenant des remarques sur la région du Nil Blanc superieur, par le Même. Paris, 1845. 8vo.-The work thus minutely described on its title-page, is a very interesting and valuable addition to our scanty knowledge of central Africa. It is, however, deficient in exact scientific details, such as barometrical and thermometrical observations, the measurement of heights and distances, and so forth.

WAAGEN, Dr. G. F.: Kunstwerke and Künstler in Deutchsland. (Works of Art, and Artists, in Germany.) 2nd vol. Leipzig, 1846. 8vo.-The author of this work is a distinguished writer on art, whose name is well known, and whose influence has been great, in England. This book of his forms a complete guide to the ancient and modern art of Germany. The present volume relates to the art and artists of Bavaria, Swabia, Basel, Alsace, and the Palatinate; a rich field, containing-to mention but a few of its treasures-the cathedrals of Strassburg and Speyer, the ruins of Heidelberg, Worms, and Oppenheim, the statue of Gutenberg, and the monument of Marshal Saxe. WARNKOENIG, L. A.: Französische Staats- und Rechts-geschichte. (The Constitutional and Legal History of France.) 1st vol. Basel, 1846. 8vo.A very excellent work, in a department which, in consequence of certain antigallican prejudices, recent German writers have very much neglected.

4. Periodical Literature.

The activity of our German brethren in this department of literature is so great, that we could easily fill many pages with the titles of their reviews, magazines, and so forth for 1846. We only mention a few of the most important in each department.

(1.) In Theology.

Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung: Ein Archiv für die neueste Geschichte und Statistik der Christlichen Kirche. Edited by K. G. Bretschneider and

K. Zimmermann.

Evangelische Kirchenzeitung. Edited by Dr. Hengstenberg.

Litterarischer Anzeiger für Christliche Theologie und Wissenschaft überhaupt. Edited by Dr. A. Tholuck.

Monatsschrift für die Evangelische Kirche der Rheinprovinz und Westphalens. Edited by Dr. C. J. Nitzsch and Dr. K. H. Sach.

Monatsschrift für die unirte Evangelische Kirche. Edited by H. Eltester, L. Jonas, F. A. Pischon, and A. Sydow.

Theologische Studien und Kritiken. Eine Zeitschrift für das gesammte Gebiet der Theologie. Edited by Professors Ullmann and Umbreit, in conjunction with Drs. Gieseler, Lücke, and Nitzsch.

(2.) In Classical Literature.

Archäologische Zeitung. Edited by E. Gerhard.-This journal is chiefly devoted to the illustration of classical antiquity from the remains of ancient art, and is illustrated by well-executed engravings.