Sec. 661.804 Trade and Development Program.-(a)805 The President is authorized to work with friendly countries, especially those in which the United States development programs have been concluded or those not receiving assistance under part I of this Act, in (1) facilitating open and fair access to natural resources of interest to the United States and (2) stimulation of reimbursable aid programs consistent with part I of this Act. Any funds used for purposes of this section may be used notwithstanding any other provision of this Act.

(b) 805 There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $20,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $20,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.

Sec. 662.806 Limitation on Intelligence Activities.-No funds appropriated under the authority of this or any other Act may be expended by or on behalf of the Central Intelligence Agency for operations in foreign countries, other than activities intended solely for obtaining necessary intelligence, unless and until the President finds that each such operation is important to the national security of the United States. Each such operation shall be considered a significant anticipated intelligence activity for the purpose of section 501 of the National Security Act of 1947.807

Sec. 663,808 Exchanges of Certain Materials.-(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President determines it is in the United States national interest, he shall furnish assistance under this Act or shall furnish defense articles or services under the Foreign Military Sales Act pursuant to an agreement with the recipient of such assistance, articles, or services which provides that such recipient may only obtain such assistance, articles, or services in exchange for any necessary or strategic raw material controlled by such recipient. For the purposes of this section, the term "necessary or strategic raw material" includes petroleum,

804 22 U.S.C. 2421. Sec. 661 was added by sec. 31 of the FA Act of 1974. The section title was changed from "Reimbursable Development Programs" to "Trade and Development Program" by sec. 312(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1536).

805 The authorization levels for fiscal year 1986 and fiscal year 1987 were provided by sec. 405 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 219). Sec. 405 of the Act also deleted the following words from the end of subsec. (b): "Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended".

Sec. 101(f) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1987; (Public Law 99-591, 100 Stat. 3341), provided the following:

"Trade and Development Program: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 661, $20,000,000."

Sec. 312(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1536) designated the existing text of sec. 661 as subsec. (a), struck out the authorization level for fiscal year 1981 in the existing text, and added a new subsec. (b).

Authorizations under this section in recent years include: Fiscal year 1977-$2,000,000; fiscal year 1978-$2,000,000; fiscal year 1979-$3,000,000; fiscal year 1980-$3,800,000; fiscal year 1981-$4,000,000; fiscal year 1982-$6,907,000; fiscal year 1983-$6,907,000; fiscal year 1984-$22,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization.

806 22 U.S.C. 2422. Sec. 662 was added by sec. 32 of the FA Act of 1974.

807 Sec. 407 of Public Law 96-450 (94 Stat. 1981) struck out a requirement for a "timely" report to be submitted to the Senate Foreign Relations/House Foreign Affairs Committees regarding the description and scope of operations referred to in this section. Sec. 407 also added this last sentence and struck out subsec. (b). Subsec. (b) formerly read as follows:

"(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply during military operations initiated by the United States under a declaration of war approved by the Congress or an exercise of powers by the President under the War Powers Resolution."

808 22 U.S.C. 2423; sec. 663 was added by sec. 32 of the FA Act of 1974.

other fossil fuels, metals, minerals, or any other natural substance which the President determines is in short supply in the United States.

(b) The President shall allocate any necessary or strategic raw material transferred to the United States under this section to any appropriate agency of the United States Government for stockpiling, sale, transfer, disposal, or any other purpose authorized by law.

(c) Funds received from any disposal of materials under subsection (b) shall be deposited as miscellaneous receipts in the United States Treasury.

Sec. 664.809 Waiver of Prohibition Against Assistance to Countries Engaging in Certain Trade.-***[Repealed-1977]

Sec. 665.810 Transition Provisions for Interim Quarter.-* * * [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 666.811 Discrimination Against United States Personnel.— (a) The President shall not take into account, in assigning officers and employees of the United States to carry out any economic development assistance programs funded under this Act in any foreign country, the race, religion, national origin, or sex of any such officer or employee. Such assignments shall be made solely on the basis of ability and relevant experience.

(b) Effective six months after the date of enactment of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1975, or on such earlier date as the President may determine, none of the funds made available under this Act may be used to provide economic development assistance to any country which objects to the presence of any officer or employee of the United States who is present in such country for the purpose of carrying out any program of economic development assistance authorized by the provisions of this Act on the basis of the race, religion, national origin, or sex of such officer or employee.

(c) The Secretary of State shall promulgate such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

Sec. 667.812 Operating Expenses.-(a) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes

809 22 U.S.C. 2424. Sec. 664, as added by sec. 33 of the FA Act of 1974, was repealed by sec. 123(c) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 541). It formerly read as follows:

"SEC. 664. WAIVER OF PROHIBITION AGAINST ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES ENGAGING IN CERTAIN TRADE.-Any provision of this Act which prohibits assistance to a country because that country is engaging in trade with a designated country, or because that country permits ships or aircraft under its registry to transport any equipment, materials, or commodities to or from such designated country, may be waived by the President if he determines that such waiver is in the national interest and reports such determination to the Congress."

810 Sec. 665, as added by Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961). 811 22 U.S.C. 2426. Sec. 666 was added by sec. 318 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849).

812 22 U.S.C. 2427. Sec. 667, as added by sec. 319 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was amended and restated by sec. 129(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 543). It formerly read as follows:

"Sec. 667. OPERATING EXPENSES.-Nothing in this Act is intended to preclude the Committees on Appropriations, in appropriation legislation, from setting a ceiling on operating expenses of the agency primarily responsible for administering part I and limiting the availability of other sums therefor."

(1) $387,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $387,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987 813 for necessary operating expenses of the agency primarily responsible for administering part I of this Act 814, of which $21,750,000 for the fiscal year 1987 is authorized for the necessary operating expenses of the Office of the Inspector General of the Agency for International Development and the remaining amount for the fiscal year is authorized for other necessary operating expenses of that agency and (2) such amounts as may be necessary for increases in salary, pay, retirement, and other employee benefits authorized by law, and for other nondiscretionary costs of such agency. (b) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

Sec. 668,815 Report on Korea.-**

[Repealed-1981]

Sec. 669.816 Nuclear Enrichment Transfers.-(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no funds authorized to be appropriated by

813 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were added by sec. 406 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 219). Authorizations under this section during recent years include: fiscal year 1979— $261,000,000; fiscal year 1980-$263,000,000; fiscal year 1981-$293,800,000; fiscal year 1982$335,600,000; fiscal year 1983-$335,600,000; fiscal year 1984-$370,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization.

814 The words following "Act" were added by sec. 402 of Public Law 99-529 (100 Stat. 3010). Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1987 (sec. 101(f) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1987; Public Law 99-591; 100 Stat. 3341), provides the following:

of

Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 667, $340,600,000: Provided, That not more than $15,000,000 of this amount shall be for Foreign Affairs Administrative Support: Provided further, That the Agency for International Development may use amounts appropriated to carry out the provisions of chapter 1 of part I (with the exception of the "Child Survival Fund") and chapter part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, for the overseas local support costs of its economic assistance programs and for operating expenses of the Agency for International Development Office of Inspector General: Provided further, That except to the extent that the Administrator of the Agency for International Development determines otherwise, not less than 10 per centum of the aggregate of the funds made available for the fiscal year 1987 to carry out chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be made available only for activities of economically and socially disadvantaged enterprises (within the meaning of section 133(c)(5) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977), historically black colleges and universities, and private and voluntary organizations which are controlled by individuals who are black Americans, Hispanic Americans, or Native Americans, or who are economically and socially disadvantaged (within the meaning of section 133(c)(5) (B) and (C) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977). For purposes of this proviso, economically and socially disadvantaged individuals shall be deemed to include women.

Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development Office of Inspector General: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 667, $21,000,000, which sum shall be available only for the operating expenses of the Office of the Inspector General notwithstanding sections 451 or 614 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or any other provision of law: Provided, That up to three percent of the amount made available under the paragraph "Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development” may be transferred to and merged and consolidated with amounts made available under this paragraph: Provided further, That the full-time equivalent staff years for the Office of the Inspector General for the fiscal year 1987 shall not be less than one hundred and ninety-three: Provided further, That except as may be required by an emergency evacuation affecting the United States diplomatic missions of which they are a component element, none of the funds in this Act, or any other Act, may be used to relocate the overseas Regional Offices of the Inspector General to another country.

815 Sec. 668, as added by sec. 411 of Public Law 94-329 (90 Stat. 760), was repealed by sec. 734(a)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97113; 95 Stat. 1560). This report, which had been required on an annual basis 1976-81, included information on progress made by Korea to modernize its armed forces, on the U.S. role in mutual security efforts in Korea, and on prospects for or implementation of phased reduction of U.S. Armed Forces assigned to duty in Korea. Similar information is now required under sec. 25(a)(9) of the Arms Export Control Act.

22 U.S.C. 2429. Sec. 669, as added by sec. 305 of Public Law 94-329, was amended and restated by sec. 12 of the International Security Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-92; 91 Stat. 620).

See also sec. 620E of this Act (page 192) which authorizes the President to waive the prohibitions contained in sec. 669 in order to provide assistance to Pakistan.

this Act or the Arms Export Control Act may be used for the purpose of providing economic assistance (including assistance under chapter 4 or part II), providing military 817 assistance or grant military education and training, providing assistance under chapter 6 of part II,818 or extending military credits or making guarantees, to any country which, on or after the date of enactment of the International Security Assistance Act of 1977, delivers nuclear enrichment equipment, materials, or technology to any other country, or receives such equipment, materials, or technology from any other country, unless before such delivery

(1) the supplying country and receiving country have reached agreement to place all such equipment, materials, or technology, upon delivery, under multilateral auspices and management when available; and

(2) the recipient country has entered into an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency to place all such equipment, materials, technology, and all nuclear fuel and facilities in such country under the safeguards system of such Agency.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the President may furnish assistance which would otherwise be prohibited under such subsection if he determines and certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that

(A) the termination of such assistance would have a serious adverse effect on vital United States interests; and

(B) he has received reliable assurances that the country in question will not acquire or develop nuclear weapons or assist other nations in doing so.

Such certification shall set forth the reasons supporting such determination in each particular case.819

(2) 820 (A) A certification under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall take effect on the date on which the certification is received by the Congress. However, if, within 30 calendar days after receiving this certification, the Congress adopts a concurrent resolution stating in substance that the Congress disapproves the furnishing of assistance pursuant to the certification, then upon the adoption of that resolution the certification shall cease to be effective and all deliveries of assistance furnished under the authority of that certification shall be suspended immediately.

817 Sec. 10(b)(4) of the International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-384; 92 Stat. 735), added the parenthetical phrase and struck the words "or security supporting" which previously appeared at this point.

818 The reference to ch. 6 of pt. II was added by sec. 12(c)(3) of the International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-384; 92 Stat. 737).

819 Sec. 735 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1561) requires an annual report from the President beginning with fiscal year 1983 on the nuclear programs and related activities of any country for which a waiver of secs. 669 or 670 is in effect. See page 396 for the complete text of sec. 735.

820 Par. (2) was amended and restated by sec. 737(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1562). It formerly read as follows: "(2) Any joint resolution which would terminate or restrict assistance described in subsection (a) with respect to a country to which the prohibition in such subsection applies shall, if introduced within thirty days after the transmittal of a certification under paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to such country, be considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of

(B) Any concurrent resolution under this paragraph shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.

(C) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and adoption of concurrent resolutions under this paragraph, a motion to proceed to the consideration of any such resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the the House of Representatives.

Sec. 670,821 Nuclear Reprocessing Transfers, Illegal Exports for Nuclear Explosive Devices, Transfers of Nuclear Explosive Devices, and Nuclear Detonations.-(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, no funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or the Arms Export Control Act may be used for the purpose of providing economic assistance (including assistance under chapter 4 of part II), providing military assistance or grant military education and training, providing assistance under chapter 6 of part II, or extending military credits or making guarantees, to any country which (A) 822 on or after the date of enactment of the International Security Assistance Act of 1977 delivers nuclear reprocessing equipment, materials, or technology to any other country or receives such equipment, materials, or technology from any other country (except for the transfer of reprocessing technolo

821 22 U.S.C. 2429a. Sec. 670, as added by sec. 12 of Public Law 95-92; 91 Stat. 620), was amended and restated by sec. 737(c) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1562). It formerly read as follows:

"Sec. 670. Nuclear Reprocessing Transfers and Nuclear Detonations. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or the Arms Export Control Act may be used for the purpose of providing economic assistance (including assistance under chapter 4 of part II) providing military assistance or grant military education and training, providing assistance under chapter 6 of part II or extending military credits or making guarantees, to any country which on or after the date of enactment of the International Security Assistance Act of 1977

"(1) delivers nuclear reprocessing equipment, materials, or technology to any other country or receives such equipment, materials, or technology from any other country (except for the transfer of reprocessing technology associated with the investigation, under international evaluation programs in which the United States participates, of technologies which are alternative to pure plutonium reprocessing); or

"(2) is not a nuclear-weapon state as defined in article IX(3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and which detonates a nuclear explosive device.

"(bX1) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the President may furnish assistance which would otherwise be prohibited under such subsection if he determines and certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representative and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the termination of such assistance would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States nonproliferation objectives or otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security. The President shall transmit with such certification a statement setting forth the specific reasons therefor.

"(2) Any joint resolution which would terminate or restrict assistance described in subsection (a) with respect to a country to which the prohibition in such subsection applies shall, if introduced within thirty days after the transmittal of a certification under paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to such country, be considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of

1976."

Sec. 737(a) of Public Law 97-113 also provided the following:

"Sec. 737. (a) The Congress finds that any transfer of a nuclear explosive device to a non-nuclear-weapon state or, in the case of a non-nuclear-weapon state, any receipt or detonation of a nuclear explosive device would cause grave damage to bilateral relations between the United States and that country."

The language in the caption of sec. 670: "Illegal Exports for Nuclear Explosive Devices", was added by sec. 1204(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 277).

822 Subpar. (B) and the designation for subpara (A) were added by sec. 1204(a) (1), (2), and (3) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 277).