Except as provided for in the preceding paragraph of this rule, steam tugs under 30 tons register (net), whose principal business is harbour towing, shall carry the red and green side lights carried by other steamers; and, at the foremast head, or, if the steamer have no foremast, then on top of the pilot house, a white light so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles; and when towing, except when towing a raft, shall carry an additional white light hung not less than 3 feet vertically above the foremast headlight. When towing a raft, the two headlights shall be hung horizontally not less than 4 feet apart.

Open boats on the Great Lakes and their tributaries east as far as Montreal shall not be obliged to carry the side lights required for other vessels, but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on one side and a red slide on the other side; and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, and in such a manner that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

10.-Barges or canal boats in tow of a steamer shall carry the red and green side lights, which shall be placed in the same manner as required on other vessels being towed.

All scows without rudders or other means of guidance being towed by hawser behind steam vessels on any navigable waters of the United States shall carry a regulation white light at each end of each scow (such lights to be carried not less than 6 feet above the deck), as shown in diagrams No. 4, Department Circular No. 27, dated February 13, 1894. When scows are towed two or more abreast, they shall carry the regulation white lights as

shown in diagrams No. 7, Department Circular No. 27, 1894.

11. Produce boats, canal boats, fishing boats, rafts, or other water craft navigating any bay, harbour, or river, by hand power, horse power, sail, or by the current of the river, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near the channel or fairway of any bay, harbour, or river, and not otherwise provided for, shall carry one bright white light forward, not less than 6 feet above the deck.

Rafts shall carry, in each case, on a pole not less than 6 feet high, a bright white light, visible all around the horizon, as follows:

Rafts of one crib and not more than two in length shall carry one such light. Rafts of three or more cribs in length shall carry one such light at the end of the raft. Rafts of more than one crib abreast shall carry one such light on each outside corner of the raft, making four lights in all.

Bag or boom rafts navigating or anchored in the fairway of any bay, harbour, or river, shall carry a bright white light at least 12 feet high at each end of the raft, and one of such lights on each side midway between the forward and after end.

UNITED STATES, WESTERN RIVERS.

Rules and Regulations for the government of pilots of vessels propelled by steam, gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric motors, navigating the Red River of the North, and rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries. Adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors of Steam Vessels under the authority of Section 4412, Revised Statutes of the United States, and amended February 3, 1897, under the authority of an Act of Congress approved January 18, 1897; these Rules taking effect since March 1, 1897, to which are added certain Sections of the Revised Statutes applicable to those waters.

All the rules relating to steam vessels in passing each other, and fog signals, contained in the Pilot Rules for Western Rivers shall also apply to all vessels propelled by gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric motors, and between any of such vessels and steam vessels, navigating these waters.

1.-When steamers are approaching each other from opposite directions, the signals for passing shall be one blast of the whistle to pass to the right, and two blasts of the whistle to pass to the left.

The pilot on the ascending steamer shall be the first to indicate the side on which he desires to pass; but if the pilot on the descending steamer shall deem it dangerous to take the side indicated by the pilot of the ascending steamer, he shall at once signify that fact by sounding the alarm or danger signal of three or more short blasts of the whistle, and it shall be the duty of the pilot of the ascending steamer to answer by a similar signal of three or more blasts of the whistle, after which the pilot of the descending steamer may indicate by his whistle the side on which he desires to pass, and the pilot of the ascending steamer shall govern himself accordingly, the descending

steamer being entitled to the right of way. The signals for passing must be made, answered, and understood before the steamers have arrived at a distance of 800 yards of each other: Provided, however, that when a steamer on the Mississippi River is about to enter the Ohio River at the same time that a steamer on the Ohio River is about to enter the Mississippi River, at Cairo Point, the steamer on the Mississippi River shall give the first signal. But in no case shall pilots on steamers attempt to pass each other until there has been a thorough understanding as to the side each steamer shall take.

2.-If from any cause the signals for passing are not made at the proper time, as provided in Rule 1; or, should the signals be given and not properly understood, from any cause whatever, and either boat become imperilled thereby, the pilot on either steamer may be the first to sound the alarm or danger signal, which shall consist of three or more short blasts of the whistle in quick succession. Whenever the danger signal is given, the engines of both steamers must be stopped and backed until their headway has been fully checked; nor shall the engines of either steamer be again started ahead until the steamers can safely pass each other. Vessels approaching each other from opposite directions are forbidden to use what has become technically known among pilots as "cross signals" -that is, answering one whistle with two, and answering two whistles with one. In all cases, and under all circumstances, a pilot receiving either of the whistle signals provided in the Rules, which for any reason he deems injudicious to comply with, instead of answering it with a cross signal, must at once observe the provisions of this Rule.

3. When two boats are about to enter a narrow channel at the same time, the ascending boat shall be stopped below such channel until the descending boat shall have passed through it; but should two boats unavoidably meet in such channel, then it shall be the duty of the pilot of the ascending boat to make the proper signals, and when

answered, the ascending boat shall lie as close as possible to the side of the channel the exchange of signals may have determined, as provided by Rule 1, and either stop the engines or move them so as only to give the boat steerageway, and the pilot of the descending boat shall cause his boat to be worked slowly until he has passed the ascending boat.

When two steamers are approaching a bridge span or draw from opposite directions and the passing signals as provided in Rule 1 have been given and understood, should the pilot of the descending steamer deem it dangerous for the steamers to pass each other between the piers of such span or draw, he shall sound the alarm or danger signal, and it shall then be the duty of the pilot of the ascending steamer to answer with a similar alarm signal, and to slow or stop his engines below such span or draw until the descending steamer shall have passed.

4.—When a steamer is ascending and running close on a bar or shore, the pilot shall in no case attempt to cross the river when a descending boat shall be so near that it would be possible for a collision to ensue therefrom.

5. When any steamer, whether ascending or descending, is nearing a short bend or point where, from any cause, a steamer approaching in an opposite direction can not be seen at a distance of 600 yards, the pilot of such steamer, when he shall have arrived within 600 yards of that bend or point, shall give a signal of one long sound of his whistle, as a notice to any steamer that may be approaching; and should there be any approaching steamer within hearing of such signal, it shall be the duty of the pilot thereof to answer such signal by one long sound of his whistle, when both boats shall be navigated with the proper precautions, as required by preceding Rules.

6. When a steamer is running in a fog or thick weather, it shall be the duty of the pilot to sound his whistle at intervals not exceeding one minute.

Steamers on rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of