Chinese, must proceed to the consulate and state his grievance. The consul will inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, the consul shall no less listen to his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If disputes take place of such a nature that the consul cannot arrange them amicably, then he shall request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably.

Protection of Lives and Property of British Subjects.

(American, Art. XI.-French, Art. XXXVI.-Russian, Art. I.)

ART. XVIII.-The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest protection to the persons and property of British subjects, whenever these shall have been subjected to insult or violence. In all cases

of incendiarism or robbery, the local authorities shall at once take the necessary steps for the recovery of the stolen property, the suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom they will punish according to law.

Pirates to be punished and Property restored.

(American, Art. XIII.-French, Art. XXXIV.)

ART. XIX. If any British merchant-vessel, while within Chinese waters, be plundered by robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates, and to recover the stolen property, that it may be handed over to the consul for restoration to the owner.

Shipwrecked Crews to be kindly treated.

(American, Art. XIII.-French, Art. XXX.-Russian, Art. VI)

ART. XX.-If any British vessel be at any time wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any port within the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities, on being apprised of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and shall be furnished, if necessary, with the means of conveyance to the nearest consular station.

Criminals and Deserters to be mutually given up.

(American, Art. XVIII.-French, Art. XXXII.)

ART. XXI.-If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge in Hongkong, or on board the British ships there, they shall, upon due requisition by the Chinese authorities, be searched for, and, on proof of their guilt, be delivered up.

In like manner, if Chinese offenders take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but shall be delivered up, on due requisition by

Debts and Debtors to be mutually prosecuted.

(American, Art. XXIV.-French, Art. XXXVII.)

ART. XXII.-Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts incurred to a British subject, or should he fraudulently abscond, the Chinese authorities will do their utmost to effect his arrest, and enforce recovery of the debts. The British authorities will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any British subject fraudulently absconding or failing to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.

Chinese Debtors who abscond from Hongkong to be sought for.

ART. XXIII.-Should natives of China who may repair to Hongkong to trade, incur debts there, the recovery of such debts must be arranged for by the English courts of justice on the spot; but should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known to have property, real or personal, within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities, on application by, and in concert with, the British consul, to do their utmost to see justice done between the parties.

British Subjects to pay the Duties according to the Tariff.

(American, Art. XV.-French, Arts. XIX. and XXVII.)

ART. XXIV. It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandize imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by the tariff; but in no case shall they be called upon to pay other or higher duties than are required of the subjects of any other foreign nation.

Time for paying the Duties.

(American, Art. XXII.-French, Art. XXI.)

ART. XXV.-Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the goods, and duties of export on the shipment of the same.

British Tariff of 1842 to be revised at Shanghai.

(American, Art. XV.-French, Art. XXVII.)

ART. XXVI.—Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X. of the Treaty of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty at about the rate of five per cent. ad valorem, has been found, by reason of the fall in value of various articles of merchandize therein enumerated, to impose a duty upon these considerably in excess of the rate originally assumed as above to be a fair rate, it is agreed that the said tariff shall be revised; and that as soon as the treaty shall have been signed, application shall be made to the Emperor of China to depute a high officer of the Board of Revenue, to meet, at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf of the British government, to consider its revision together, so that the tariff, as revised, may come into operation immediately after the ratification of this treaty.

Decennial Revision of the Tariff.

(French, Art. XXVII.)

ART. XXVII.-It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties to this treaty may demand a further revision of the tariff, and of the commercial articles of this treaty, at the end of ten years; but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years; and so it shall be, at the end of each successive ten years.

Transit Duties on Goods to be adjusted.

(French, Art. XXIII.)

ART. XXVIII.-Whereas it was agreed in Article X. of the Treaty of Nanking, that British imports, having paid the tariff duties, should be conveyed into the interior free of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain percentage on tariff value; and whereas no accurate information having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have constantly complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial authorities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade; it is agreed that, within four months from the signing of this treaty, at all ports now open to British trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may hereafter be opened, the authority appointed to superintend the collection of duties shall be obliged, upon application to the consul, to declare the amount of duties leviable on produce between the place of production and the port of shipment, and upon imports between the consular port in question and the inland markets named by the consul; and that a notification thereof shall be published in English and Chinese for general information.

But it shall be at the option of any British subject, desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a port to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties, by payment of a single charge. The amount of this charge shall be leviable on exports at the first barrier they may have to pass, or, on imports, at the port at which they are landed; and on payment thereof, a certificate shall be issued, which shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges

whatsoever.

It is further agreed, that the amount of this charge shall be calculated, as nearly as possible, at the rate of two and a half per cent ad valorem, and that it shall be fixed for each article at the conference to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the tariff.

It is distinctly understood, that the payment of transit dues, by commutation or otherwise, shall in no way affect the tariff duties on imports or exports, which will continue to be levied separately and in full.

Rate of Tonnage Dues; free time to be allowed Ships.

(American, Art. XVI-French, Art. XXII)

ART. XXIX.-British merchant-vessels, of more than one hundred

and fifty tons burden, shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of four mace per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton.

Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open ports, or for Hongkong, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special certificate from the customs, on exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open port of China for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of her port-clearance.

Two Days allowed to a Ship to report at the Customs.

(American, Art. XIX.-French, Art. XX.)

ART. XXX.-The master of any British merchant-vessel may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of his vessel, but not later, decide, to depart without breaking bulk, in which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage-dues. But tonnage-dues shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. No other fees or charges upon entry or departure shall be levied.

Passenger Boats free; Cargo Boats taxable.

(American, Art. XVI-French, Art. XXII.)

ART. XXXI.-No tonnage-dues shall be payable on boats employed by British subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provision, or other articles not subject to duty, between any of the open ports. All cargo boats, however, conveying merchandize subject to duty, shall pay tonnage dues once in four months at the rate of one mace per register ton.

Facilities to assist in entering Ports.

(American, Art. XVI.)

ART. XXXII.-The consuls and superintendents of customs shall consult together regarding the erection of beacons or lighthouses, and the distribution of buoys and lightships, as occasion may demand.

Duties payable to Government Bankers.

(American, Art. XXII.-French, Art. XXI.)

ART. XXXIII.-Duties shall be paid to the bankers, authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same in its behalf, either in sycee or in foreign money, according to the assay made at Canton on the thirteenth of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.

Standard Weights and Measures to be furnished.

(French, Art. XXVI.)

ART. XXXIV.-Sets of standard weights and measures, prepared according to the standard issued to the Canton custom house by the Board of Revenue, shall be delivered by the superintendent of customs to the Consul at each port, to secure uniformity and prevent confusion.

Pilots to be freely employed.

(American, Art. XVII-French, Art. XV.)

ART. XXXV.-Any British merchant-vessel arriving at one of the open ports shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties, and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed to select a pilot to conduct her out of port.

Custom House Officers to be near or in British Ships.

(American, Art. XVIII-French, Art. XVI.)

ART. XXXVI.-Whenever a British merchant-vessel shall arrive off one of the open ports, the superintendent of customs shall depute one or more customs officers to guard the ship. They shall either live in a boat of their own or stay on board the ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food and expenses shall be supplied them from the custom house, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever from the master or consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount exacted.

Ships to be reported in Two Days; Manifests.

(Commercial Rule, VI.-American, Art. XIX.-French, Art. XVII.)

ART. XXXVII.-Within twenty-four hours after arrival, the ship's papers, bills of lading, &c., shall be lodged in the hands of the Consul, who will, within a further period of twenty-four hours, report to the superintendent of customs the name of the ship, her register tonnage, and the nature of her cargo. If, owing to neglect on the part of the master, the above rule is not complied with within forty-eight hours after the ship's arrival, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty taels for every day's delay the total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred taels.

The master will be responsible for the correctness of the manifest, which shall contain a full and true account of the cargo on board. For presenting a false manifest, he will subject himself to a fine of five hundred taels; but he will be allowed to correct, within twenty-four hours after delivery of it to the customs' officers, any mistake he may discover in his manifest, without incurring this penalty.

Goods not be discharged till a Permit is granted.

(American, Art. XIX.-French, Art. XVII.)

ART. XXXVIII.—After receiving from the consul the report in due form, the superintendent of customs shall grant the vessel a permit to open hatches. If the master shall open hatches, and begin to discharge any goods without such permission, he shall be fined five hundred taels, and the goods discharged shall be confiscated wholly.

Permits required for landing or shipping Cargo.

(American, Art. XIX.-French, Art. XVII.)