Liberation, a puller of a rickshaw. The factory was formed in 1955 as a production cooperative with only 17 workers. It became a factory in 1958 and today involved 800 workers. The carving of jade and ivory, he said, had a history of over 2000 years. Before the Liberation, carving was done individually in separate places. The Kuomintang gave such art forms no support and workers committed to this craft suffered. In fact, the art form was almost extinguished. After Liberation, however, with the encouragement of Chairman Mao and the Chinese communist party, the carving of jade and ivory regained new life. The first step was to organize old and skilled workers. Then, it was necessary to search for needed raw materials, "emeralds" (actually fei tsui jade) agate, white jade, coral and so forth, from Yunnan, Sinkiang, Kweichow, and elsewhere in China. Elephant tusks came from the province of Yunnan. A surge of interest in design came during the period of Chairman Mao's "Letting 100 Flowers Bloom." The factory's work was additionally encouraged by Chairman Mao's principle that the past should serve the present and an understanding that it required analyzing the past, drawing from it what was good-not reactionary-for the present. Thus, the factory, in using the skills of the past, had tried to improve the content of its artistic output by showing the spirit of socialism, the enthusiasm of the people, and the excellent situation of the people under the leadership of Chairman Mao. There was a jade carving at the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition weighing 211⁄2 tons, which took a half a year to prepare, and 212 years to produce. It developed the theme of climbing the highest mountain peak in China. In carrying through with this project the workers drew upon the actual experience of climbers and obtained from their team leader needed details. This piece of carving showed that there was no fear of difficulties in achieving success if one followed the line of Chairman Mao's thought. Criticism of Teng Hsiao-p'ing, today, raises the class consciousness of the inasses and makes clear to artists for whom they are working; they are working for the proletariat. In our tour through this remarkable factory we observed the use of steel bits and emery sand but also of diamond bits which whirled at a rate of 10,000 revolutions per minute. Of some of the items being worked on, their complexity would require the attention of a worker, even using such equipment, for 2 to 3 years. On one item, two artists had been working together for 2 years. Some of the output represented mere copying from prototypes. A great deal of the output, however, seemed to represent the individual and unsupervised work of an individual craftsman, and of much greater variety than I had observed in 1972. We were told that 80 percent of the output of this factory was sold in foreign countries, a small portion was for sale in China, and the rest was produced for exhibition. Factories like this one existed also in Peking, Tientsin, Yangchow, and Kuangchow. AFTERNOON At 4 p.m. our Air Force Boeing 135 took off for Guam, Honolulu and Washington. CONCLUSION There is no satisfactory way to summarize 800 million people. Their mass, like the Earth, may move according to prediction or it may shift without prior prediction. How much more hazardous then is it to generalize after another all too brief visit? Some thoughts, arising from the visible and deduced from the invisible, emerge: In my 1972 China Report I noted "the attainment by the masses of a standard of living acceptable to them." In 1976, this objective is on course, prices have remained stable,. mass transportation has improved, the general standard of living appears to have attained a modestly higher level. There was in 1972 stress on self-reliance, which in 1976 has been stepped up by China's leadership into a universal credo. This will have certain, but not yet predictable, impact on China's commercial relations with others. We were not assisted by our Chinese acquaintances in our search for an answer to the question, "What comes after Mao?" It is my opinion that no one really knows the answer. Tensions exist and strong divergences in points of view are being glossed over during this "almost inter-regnum" between the old leadership and the unemerged new. Whoever does emerge to lead the largest nation on earth will need some of the talent of the ancient Emperor Ch'in Shih Huang Ti-the Great Unifier. APPENDIXES A. ITINERARY OF THE VISIT OF THE HONORABLE HUGH SCOTT, MINORITY LEADER, Saturday, July 10, 1976 Morning: Arrived Shanghai. Afternoon: Departed for Peking. Met with officials of Chinese People's Institute Sunday, July 11, 1976 Morning: Peking Municipal West District Optical Instruments Factory. Brief- Afternoon: Peking Glass Factory. Briefing and tour of workshops. Monday, July 12, 1976 Morning: Peking University. Discussion and tour of classrooms, computer fa- Afternoon (4:00 p.m.): Met with Foreign Minister Ch'iao Kuan-hua. (dura- Evening: Attended dinner hosted by Foreign Minister Ch'iao Kuan-hua. Morning: Peking Municipal East District May 7th Cadre School. Briefing and Afternoon: Peking Museum. Exhibition of recently unearthed archaeological Morning: Flight to Chengchow (also spelled, Chen-chou). Visited Honan Pro- Afternoon: Train to Loyang (also spelled Lo-yang). Visited Lungmen Caves. Thursday, July 15, 1976 Morning: Visited Hui Kuo Chen People's Commune: a. briefing; b. film; c. Afternoon: Continued tour of commune: f. chemical fertilizer factory; g. pri- Evening: Train to Chengchow. Friday, July 16, 1976 Morning: Flight to Shenyang. Briefing upon arrival. Afternoon: Toured Industrial Exhibition Hall, Toured Ch'ing Dynasty Palace Saturday, July 17, 1976 Morning: Visited Liaoning Province Traditional Chinese Medicine College. Afternoon: Visited Shenyang Municipal Small Tractor Factory. Flight to Evening: Attended dinner hosted by Vice Chairman of Liaoning Revolutionary Sunday, July 18, 1976 Afternoon: Visited Dairen Harbor (also spelled Dalien and Luta). Briefing 42 Monday, July 19, 1976 Morning: Visited Dairen Chung Shan District Underground Civil Defense Tun- Afternoon: Dairen Internal Combustion Locomotive Factory. Briefing. Toured Evening: Attended performance of Shenyang Acrobatic Troupe. Tuesday, July 20, 1976 Morning: Flight to Shanghai. Afternoon: Train to Soochow (also spelled Su-chou). Briefing upon arrival. Evening: Performance by the Young Red Guards. Wednesday, July 21, 1976 Morning: Visited Tung T'ing People's Commune. Briefing upon arrival. Tour Lunch: At commune. Afternoon: Visited Soochow Sandalwood Fan Factory. Visited Soochow Normal School. Thursday, July 22, 1976 Morning: Visited Soochow Embroidery Research Institute. Briefing. Toured Afternoon: Train to Shanghai. Toured Shanghai Museum. Friday, July 23, 1976 Morning: Visited Feng Ch'eng Worker's New Residential Area. Briefing, Tour Lunch Attended luncheon hosted by Vice Chairman of Revolutionary Com- Afternoon: Hsu Hui Young People's Spare Time Sports School. Evening: Performance of Shanghai Song and Dance Troupe. Saturday, July 24, 1976 Morning: Visited Shanghai Municipal Jade Carving Factory. Briefing. Toured Afternoon (4:00 p.m.): Departed Shanghai. B. TEXT OF JUNE 9, 1976 LETTER FROM PRESIDENT FORD TO SENATOR HUGH SCOTT Hon. HUGH SCOTT, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. The White House, DEAR HUGH: One of the fundamental elements of our foreign policy is our As Senate Minority Leader, your presence in China would underscore the In the event you undertake this visit, the Executive Branch will be pleased to With warmest personal regards, GERALD R. FORD. C.-PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI'S REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT, Report on the Work of the Government (Delivered on January 13, 1975 at the First Session of the Fourth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China) CHOU EN-LAI Fellow deputies: In accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I shall make a report on behalf of the State Council to the Fourth National People's Congress on the work of the government. Since the Third National People's Congress, the most important event in the political life of the people of all nationalities in our country has been the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution personally initiated and led by our great leader Chairman Mao. In essence this is a great political revolution carried out by the proletariat against the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes. It destroyed the bourgeois headquarters of Liu Shao-chi and of Lin Piao and smashed their plots to restore capitalism. The current nation-wide movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius is the continuation and deepening of this great revolution. The victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution has consolidated the dictatorship of the proletariat in our country, promoted socialist construction and ensured that our country would stand on the side of the oppressed people and oppressed nations of the world. The Cultural Revolution has provided new experience on continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat; its historical significance is great and its influence far-reaching. In the course of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, our people of all nationalities have unfolded a mass movement to study Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought and thus heightened their awareness of class struggle and the struggle between the two lines, and struggle-criticism-transformation in the superstructure has achieved major successes. The three-in-one revolutionary committees composed of the old, the middle-aged and the young have forged closer links with the masses. Successors to the cause of the proletarian revolution are maturing in large numbers. The proletarian revolution in literature and art exemplified by the model revolutionary theatrical works is developing in depth. The revolution in education and in health work is thriving. The cadres and the workers, peasants, soldiers, students and commercial workers are persevering on the May 7th road. Over a million barefoot doctors are becoming more competent. Nearly ten million school graduates have gone to mountainous and other rural areas. With the participation of workers, peasants and soldiers the Marxist theoretical contingents are expanding. The emergence of all these new things has strengthened the all-round dictatorship of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie in the realm of the superstructure, and this further helps consolidate and develop the socialist economic base. We have overfulfilled the 3rd 5-year plan and will successfully fulfill the 4th 5-year plan in 1975. Our country has won good harvests for 13 years running. The total value of agricultural output for 1974 is estimated to be 51 per cent higher than that for 1964. This fully demonstrates the superiority of the people's commune. While China's population has increased 60 per cent since the liberation of the country, grain output has increased 140 per cent and cotton 470 per cent. In a country like ours with a population of nearly 800 million, we have succeeded in ensuring the people their basic needs in food and clothing. Gross industrial output for 1974 is estimated to be 190 per cent more than 1964, and the output of major products has greatly increased. Steel has increased 120 per cent, coal 91 per cent, petroleum 650 per cent, electric power 200 per cent, chemical fertilizer 330 per cent, tractors 520 per cent, cotton yarn 85 per cent and chemical fibres 330 per cent. Through our own efforts in these ten years we have completed 1,100 big and medium-sized projects, successfully carried out hydrogen bomb tests and launched man-made earth satellites. In contrast to the economic turmoil and inflation in the capitalist world, we have maintained a balance between our national revenue and expenditure and contracted no external or internal debts. Prices have remained stable, the people's livelihood has steadily improved and socialist construction has flourished. Reactionaries at |