3. A word proper to the cause, employ'd figuratively to express the effect.

Boumque labores for corn.

Sorrow or

grief for tears.

Again Ulyffes veil'd his penfive head,
Again unmann'd, a fhow'r of sorrow shed.

Streaming Grief his faded cheek bedew'd.

Blindness for darkness:

Cæcis erramus in undis.

Æneid. iii, 200.

There is a peculiar energy in this figure fimilar to that in the former. The figurative name denotes the fubject to be an ef fect by suggesting its caufe.

4. Two things being intimately connected, the proper name of the one employ'd figuratively to fignify the other.

Day for light. Night for darkness. Hence, A fudden night. Winter for a storm at fea.f

Interea magno mifceri murmure pontum, sk

Emiffamque Hyemem fenfit Neptunus.

colig. A word proper to an attribute employ'd figuratively to denote the fubject.oit „Bopiul sii Youth and beauty for those who are young and beautiful:

dub

Youth and beauty fhall be laid in duft. wooob of

* Majefty for the King

TOR

What art thou, that ufurp'st this time of night,
Together with that fair and warlike form,

In which the Majesty of buried Denmark

Did fometime march?

Hamlet, act 1. fc. I.

Or have ye chofen this place,

After the toils of battle, to repofe

Verdure for a green field. Summer. l.

Speaking of cranes:

301

To pigmy nations wounds and death they bring
And all the war defcends upon the wing.

Iliad i, ro.

Iliad iii. 149.

The peculiar beauty of this figure arises from fuggefting an attribute that embellishes the subject, or puts it in a stronger light.

6. A complex term employ'd figuratively to denote one of the component parts.

Funus for a dead body. Burial for a grave. Fourth

1

7. The name of one of the component parts instead of the complex term. and bia

Tada for a marriage. The East for a country fituated eaft from us. Jovis veftigia fervat, for imitating Jupiter in general.

8. A word fignifying time or place employ'd

ploy'd figuratively to denote a connected fubject.

Clime for a nation, or for a conftitution of government: Hence the expreffion, Merciful clime. Fleecy winter for fnow. Seculum felix.

9. A part for the whole.

The pole for the earth. The head for the perfon.

Thy growing virtues juftify'd my cares,
And promis'd comfort to my filver hairs.

Iliad ix. 6.16.

Forthwith from the pool he rears

His mighty ftature.

The filent heart which grief affails.

› Paradife Loft.

Parnell.

The peculiar beauty of this figure confists in marking out that part which makes the greateft figure.

10. The name of the container employ'd figuratively to fignify what is contained.

Grove for the birds in it: Vocal grove. Ships for the feamen: Agonizing hips. Mountains for the fheep pafturing upon them: Bleating mountains. Zacynthus, Ithaca, &c. for the inhabitants. Ex mæftis domibus. Livy.

II. The name of the fuftainer employ'd figuratively to fignify what is sustained.

Altar