BOOK DEPARTMENT

NOTES

ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS. The Monroe Doctrine. Pp. 42. Price, 50 cents. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1914.

ANTRIM, SAIDA BRUMBACK, and ANTRIM, ERNEST IRVING. The County Library. Pp. xiv, 306. Price, $2. Van Wert, Ohio: The Pioneer Press, 1914.

BABSON, ROGER W. The Future Method of Investing Money. Pp. 107. Price, 60 cents. Boston: Babson's Statistical Organization, 1914.

The Future Method of Investing Money, had it been the first work of the author on the topic discussed (the application of Mr. Babson's principles of forecasting conditions), might have been considered to contain a new and interesting theory. In view of the writer's former book Business Barometers, an excellent work which was a pioneer in its field, this volume is very disappointing. It contains only the briefest outline of the subjects treated, namely, price movements in the security market, when to buy securities, what securities to buy and a sample of the author's composite plot of business conditions. It is excellently printed, and is one of a series of similar books, to be known as the "Babson Economic Series."

BACKHOUSE, E., and BLAND, J.O.P. Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking. Pp. x, 531. Price, $4. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1914. Here is a series of chapters-not altogether continuous-from the history of the last two Chinese dynasties; the Ming, in its later years, and Manchu, from its rise to its fall, including many anecdotes or characterizations of certain emperors.

The conception of China's history which these authors suggest has already been set forth in Mr. Bland's writings to the effect that the Chinese are by ancient character and fixed customs incapable of maintaining any government but despotism. From the facts of Chinese history making up most of the book, it seems better to assert the opposite thesis that a despotism is no more permanently possible in China than elsewhere; that is to say, that China is not a special creation. It appears that nearly all the Chinese monarchs in 300 years have been unfit for their duties.

"Young China," these writers treat quite contemptuously, as "condemned of futility," "failing to seize its splendid opportunities"-forgetting that enthusiasm can seldom be expected to be moderate. Certainly the enthusiasm is not futile which has brought about a first step toward abolishing so evil a system as that here described.

The chief interest and great value of the work consist in its giving a view of Chinese politics from within--largely by diaries and other writings of Chinese in public life.

BEST, HARRY. The Deaf. Pp. xviii, 340. Price, $2. New York: Thos. Y. Crowell Company, 1914.

There will be many who will welcome this well-written and comprehensive account. In view of the excellent educational provision made by many of our states, it seems curious that there are so few volumes on the subject. The author has rendered a service by collecting and publishing the material, hitherto so scattered as to be largely inaccessible. He gives a summary of existing knowledge as to the cause of deafness-children's diseases being largely responsible; sketches the history of the efforts to educate the deaf, describes the schools and indicates what the different states of our country are doing.

BEST, R. H., and OGDEN, C. K. The Problem of the Continuation School and Its Successful Solution in Germany. Pp. xv, 80. Price, 1s. London: P. S. King & Son, 1914.

This pamphlet is both a plea and an exposition: an exposition of Germany's method of dealing with training for vocations and for citizenship, and a plea for the adaptation of this system to England's needs. England has made little provision for the education of "the rank and file of the people, though possessing some excellent types of schools for the leisure class." Germany, on the other hand, has become convinced that "compulsory attendance at the continuation school in the daytime, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen, is absolutely indispensable." The dominating idea in Munich, as in many other German cities, has come to be that technical education is only a means for mental and moral training. Schools have been provided for every trade which can provide more than twenty pupils between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. Employers are obliged in every case to allow the time. In the technical instruction the endeavor is to let the pupil "find pleasure in simple, careful, thorough, conscientious work, in genuine materials, and to encourage him to new attempts through the feeling of confidence in his own power." Civic instruction is given a trade setting so as to grow into a realization of the "continually growing interdependence of interests among all citizens of a community."

The work is quite as full of lessons for America as for England.

BRANFORD, VICTOR. Interpretations and Forecasts. Pp. 411, xxiv. Price, $2.50 New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1914.

A collection of addresses prepared for special occasions presented with a view to the application of sociology to the interpretation of present social tendencies and movements. No attempt is made to enter into the theoretical aspects of the science. However, sociology is pointed out to be one of three supreme scientific doctrines: that of energy, central in physical science, culminating in the industrial revolution; that of life, in evolution or biology with its attendant hygienic revolution; and that of society, in evolution or sociology, a moral and ideal revolution expressing itself in the improved outlooks and practices of human communities-rural and urban, national and international. In this achievement sociology has established two new studies in

the very centre of the field, viz., eugenics and civics. These form both "a definite objective and a concrete basis" for the conscious direction of human social evolution. As doctrines of life and conduct, they appeal alike to student and citizen with a set of evolutionary ideals which unite university and city in the closest working relationship. The style is verbose, but the reader is well repaid for the perusal of the volume.

BROWN, W. JETHRO. The Underlying Principles of Modern Legislation. Pp. xx, 331. Price, 10/6. London: John Murray.

The Underlying Principles of Modern Legislation by W. Jethro Brown, Professor of law in the University of Adelaide, Australia, and formerly of St. John's College, Cambridge, is a refreshing study of British politics and especially of what the author has very cleverly called the legislative idealism of the nineteenth century. After a searching study of laissez faire and the relations of the individual to society, including an illuminating description, from the social viewpoint, of the individual rights to life, liberty, marriage, land, work, equality of opportunity, self-government, resistance, Professor Brown points out how the pressure of economic and social changes is bound to cause an increased activity and a continuing responsibility on the part of the state. His conclusions of a philosophical analysis of the modern problems of the trusts, unemployment, low wages, child labor, etc., point to a coming period of exceptional legislative activity in the near future.

The author hopes that the democratization of our political machinery and a growing sense of collective responsibility will lead us not to try to thwart the movements toward state control but to direct them so as to achieve legitimate ends without sacrificing the individuality of the citizen. The worst enemy of the existing social order, in Professor Brown's opinion, is "the man who opposes any and every proposal for social amelioration."

VON BÜLOW, PRINCE BERNHARD. Imperial Germany. (Trans. by Marie A. Lewenz). Pp. 342. Price, $3. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1914.

CLARK, JOHN BATES. Social Justice Without Socialism. Pp. 49. Price, 50 cents. Berkeley: University Press, 1914.

The greatest obstacle to social justice is monopoly. There can be no real justice without freedom to compete. The insuring of this freedom should be the primary aim of governmental enterprise. The working day should be shortened, dangers of occupation should be minimized, the tariff on the necessaries of the poor man should be lowered, emergency employment should be provided, natural resources should be conserved, and kindred reforms should be guaranteed, but the great underlying necessity is the maintenance of those economic rivalries that foster progress. "A New Jerusalem may actually arise out of the fierce contentions of the modern market. The wrath of men may praise God and his kingdom may come, not in spite of, but by means of, the contests of the economic sphere."

Such in brief is the argument of this stimulating lecture, delivered at the University of California as one of the Barbara Weinstock series on phases of the moral law in its bearing on business life.

ENGEL, SIGMUND. The Elements of Child Protection (Trans. by Dr. Eden Paul). Pp. xi, 276. Price, $3.50. New York: The Macmillan Company. Dr. Sigmund Engel, the official guardian and advocate in Budapest, has given us in his Elements of Child Protection a very interesting study of the problems of child protection from the joint outlook, as he calls it, of socialism and Darwinism. It does not profess to be either a handbook or a philosophy of child protection, but it is a thorough-going review of the current literature dealing with the care of foundlings, infant mortality problems, elementary education, child labor, juvenile crime and juvenile courts. The author has positive opinions on many points which he does not hesitate to express without always being particularly careful to furnish the supporting evidence or convincing arguments. Dr. Engel holds that all child protection is merely palliative, though a necessary adjunct of capitalism, and that prevention should be the real social aim but cannot be until the existing social order is completely revolutionized. "The true child-protection, the child protection of the future, will take the form of the destruction of capitalism."

The book as a whole is visionary and is particularly vulnerable in the inadequacy of information it shows concerning American conditions, yet it brings together a great deal of current European opinion and practice in dealing with children's problems that are not accessible elsewhere to American readers.

FISCHER, LOUIS E. Economics of Interurban Railways. Pp. ix, 116. Price, $1.50. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1914.

FOSTER, W. T. (Ed.) The Social Emergency. Pp. viii, 224. Price, $1.35. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1914.

This volume includes a series of lectures on the subject of sex hygiene and morals, most of which were originally delivered at Reed College, Portland, in 1913, by a number of doctors and educators. They are edited by the president of the college, Dr. Foster, who contributes in addition the first two and the last chapters. The medical, economic, recreational, educational and moral aspects are all treated. The book is free from cant and emotionalism, and the tone which pervades the pages is to be commended. The perplexed parent as well as the student will find many valuable suggestions therein.

General Survey of Events, Sources, Persons and Movements in Continental Legal History, by various European Authors (Trans. from second French edition by Rapelje Howell). The Continental Legal History Series, vol. 1, pp. liii, 754. Price, $6. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

GETTELL, RAYMOND G. Problems in Political Evolution. Pp. vii, 400. Price, $2. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1914.

GILBRETH, L. M. The Psychology of Management. Pp. 344. Price, $2. New York: Sturgis and Walton Company, 1914.

The author of the Psychology of Management has given us an excellent analysis, definition and classification of the various factors involved in a comprehensive grasp of his subject. The book may be classified as purely scientific and expository in its interest in that each term is defined accurately before given its setting. However, the definitions are so stated as to form a part of the larger subject, scientific management, the philosophy of which insists that progress in economic development implies its acceptance. Psychology in its relation to individual economic development is shown to insist upon a complete regard for the following subjects: functionalization, measurements, analysis and synthesis, standardization, records and programs, teaching, incentives and welfare.

The necessity for emphasis upon individual psychology in management as contrasted to crowd or group psychology is strongly urged.

This book is well adapted for those who have a previous interest in the subject and is excellent for general class teaching. However, to the one whose interest in this subject is creative it might at times seem to overemphasize the spirit of definition.

GOLDMAN, SAMUEL P. Stock Exchange Laws. Pp. ix, 290. Price, $1.50. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1914.

A legal treatment of a subject much discussed at the present time, intended as a definition of the duties and rights of stock brokers and customers, and as a reference handbook. Part three, dealing with the broker and customer, is the most valuable portion of the work, and well deserves more than forty pages. Especially valuable also are the annotations to the constitution of the New York Stock Exchange and the numerous citations throughout the volume.

If any criticism may be made, it is that an arrangement by subject would have proved more satisfactory to the ordinary reader than a division into constitution of the exchange, laws and decisions, by-laws and rules of the exchange, and laws of the state of New York. The latter arrangement makes necessary a reference to several sections at times in order to cover completely a particular subject.

Although reasonable in size, and not to be compared with such a work as Dos Passos, it will serve one purpose at least, namely, to acquaint the public with the fact that many of the provisions of proposed laws have been embodied in the rules of the exchange for some time, and that, instead of being a lawless association, the stock exchange is one of the best governed organizations in the world.

HAINES, CHARLES G. The American Doctrine of Judicial Supremacy. Pp. xviii, 365. Price, $2. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914. Professor Haines has written an excellent treatise on our peculiar American view of the courts; he finds precedents for a doctrine of judicial supremacy, partly in the overruling law of nature, in the fundamental character of the