I answer, first, the precife fenfe of that text cannot be certainly known, by reafon of the difference of the verfions. The Septuagint read: Ad virum converfio tua. Aquila: Ad Virum Jocietas tua. Simmachus: Ad virum appetitus, vel impetus tuus,

T

Thy defire fhall be to thy husband." And according to the very learned Benedict Pereyra, the plain fenfe of the original Hebrew, rendered word for word, is; Ad virum defiderium, vel concupifcentia tua. 1“ + To man, as thy husband, fhall be thy defire, or concupifcence."

Secondly, the domeftic fubjection of women may be affirmed to have been merely a penalty for the breach of God's injunction, and thus would not have taken place in the state of innocence; at least, the text fays nothing to the contrary: or rather, had woman been originally fubject to man in the state of innocence, the all wife and gracious Creator of both would not have omitted making this fubordination known at the formation of Eve.'

As the reverend friar has omitted taking notice of our learned English ladies, the tranflator has fupplied his deficiency with an account of fome of our literary females, feveral of whom are now alive. To fhew how orthodox he is in the doctrine of female excellency, father Feijoo declares himfelf of opinion, that a woman's fubmitting to think man to be of a more noble sex than herself, is accounting that for an honour which is the very worst of infamies. Therefore, (fays he) according to the energetic St. Leo, woman, entertain a due sense of thy dignity. Know that our fex is not in any refpect preferable to thine; and therefore, to allow man the dominion over thy body, except when authorised by the facredness of marriage, is fervile, infamous, and finful.' The good father next attempts to draw a picture of nuptial felicity, of which the following paffage may serve as a specimen of the tranflator's abilities. All the husband thinks on, now is, that a woman is a defectuous creature; and when out of humour, the best word he can afford his wife, though ever so neat and cleanly, is, that the is a foul veffel."

We should not have been fo copious in our extra&s from this infipid performance, had it not been to give the good people of England a specimen of their depraved appetite, in fwallowing fuch foreign ftuff in tranflations, when they have at their hands plenty of domestic entertainment on the same subject, infinitely fuperior in all the characters of good writing.

IX. The Complete Farmer: or, a general Dictionary of Husbandry, in 5. all its Branches; containing the various Methods of cultivating

and improving every Species of Land, according to the Precepts of both the old and new Huflandry. Also the whole Bufinefs of breedving, managing, and fattening Cattle, and the most approved Methods of curing the various Difeafes to which they are fubject, Sc. To which is now firft added, The Gardener's Kalendar, calculated for the Ufe Ufe of Farmers and Country Gentlemen. Illuftrated with a great Variety of Folio Copper-plates, finely engraved: exhibiting all the Inftruments used in Husbandry, particularly theft lately invented, and prefented to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, &c. at London; many of which have never before ap peared in a Work of this Nature. The Second Edition, corrected and improved. By a Society of Gentlemen, Members of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. 1410. Pr. il. 55. Crowder.

THE

T

4

HE first edition of this work, which appeared in weekly numbers, was hardly finished, before the proprietors. found it neceffary to print a fecond, to fupply the demands of the public; and this is the true reason why no account of it appeared in the Critical Review, the authors being perfuaded it would be more agreeable to their readers to defer the article till they had seen the improvements which they were informed would be made in the fecond edition, The work is now publifhed, and it is with pleafure they can add, that they were not disappointed; the errors in many of the calculations being now corrected; the improvements made fince the first numbers of this work appeared, added; and the articles relating to gardening thrown together into a part by themselves, where they form a very ufeful compendium of that art under the title of the Gardener's Kalendar.

Agriculture was held in the highest efteem among the ancients, and the earth was often cultivated by the hands of the wifeft princes and greatest heroes. But when luxury prevailed, this art, together with all those that required manual labour, funk into dif- repute, and has never yet been able to attain the honour it once poffeffed.

Our fatal domestic wars during the reign of Charles I. changed the inftruments of husbandry into martial weapons; but after the death of that unfortunate monarch, artful and avaricious men crept into the confifcated eftates of the nobility, gentry, and clergy; and as many of these new encroachers had rifen from the plough, fo they returned with pleasure to their, old profeffion, being chiefly animated by the love of gain.

Platte,

Platte, Hartlib, Blythe, and others, feized this favourable dif pofition of the common people, and encouraged it by writings which have fince had few equals.

But the first writer that inspired his countrymen with a defire of reviving the study of agriculture after the Restoration, was Evelyn; who, being followed by the famous Tull, opened a new fphere for the minds of mankind to range in; and fince this period, feveral valuable improvements have been made in the English husbandry, by a great variety of authors.

About the middle of the last century, Ireland began to make no inconfiderable figure in the art of husbandry; fince which time a certain fpirit of improvement has, more or lefs, been promoted and carried on with great zeal and conftancy, by the nobility, clergy, and gentry of that kingdom. In proof of this it will be fufficient to obferve, that the transactions of the Dublin Society for encouraging husbandry are now cited by all foreigners in their memoirs relating to that subject.

After the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, almost all the nations of Europe, by a fort of tacit confent, applied themselves to the study of agriculture; and continued to do fo more or less, amidft the univerfal confusion that foon fucceeded. The French found by repeated experience, that they could never maintain, a long war, or procure a tolerable peace, without they raised corn enough to fupply themselves, in fuch a manner that they fhould not be obliged to fubmit to harsh terms on the one hand, or perish by famine on the other. Their monarch therefore thought proper to give public encouragement to agriculture, and has even been present at the making several experiments..

Since the conclufion of the late peace, agriculture has been carried on with great vigour. The Univerfity of Amiens has made various propofals to the public for the advancement of husbandry; while the marquis of Turbilly, who proceeds chiefly on experience, has the principal direction of a georgical fociety established at Tours.

The focieties of Lyons, Bourdeaux, Brittany, and Rouen, deferve our notice; as they have published in their memoirs feveral improvements in husbandry. In a word, there are thirteen focieties exifting in France, eftablished by royal approbation, for promoting and improving husbandry.

The art of agriculture is at prefent publicly taught both in the Swedish, Danish, and German univerfities; and from the memoirs that have already appeared, there is reafon to hope, that great improvements will be made in that ufeful and neceffary art.

Nor has Italy been inactive. The Neapolitans of the prefent age have condefcended to return back to the first rudi

ments

ments of revived husbandry, and begin to study a fresh the agriculture of Crefcenzio, first published in the year 1478. The inhabitants of Bergamo have pursued the fame track, and given the world a new edition of the Ricordo d'Agricultura di Tarello, which was originally publifhed at Mantua in 1577.

The duchy of Tuscany has imbibed the fame fpirit. A private gentleman lately left his whole fortune to endow an academy of agriculture. The firft ecclefiaftic of that duchy is prefident of the fociety, and many of the principal nobility are members.

2

In the year 1759, a fociety established itself at Bern in Switzerland, for the advancement of agriculture and other rural arts. Most of the members are very capable of joining the practice with the theory; and they have already published feveral ufeful volumes.

The duchy of Wirtemberg, a country very fruitful in corn and pasture, has not failed to contribute its affiftance towards the improvement of agriculture, having some time ago communicated to the public its oeconomical relations from the prefs at Stutgard.

Nor have the learned of Leipfic and Hanover been inattentive to this great art of supporting the human race; witness the Journal d'Agriculture, printed at Leipfic, and the Recueils d'Hanover, printed in that city.

1

But Great Britain alone exceeds all the modern nations in husbandry; and there is great reafon to hope, from the fpirit that now animates a great number of the nobility and gentry, that this useful art will, in a few years, be carried to a much greater degree of perfection than it ever yet reached in any age or country. The refpectable patriots that form the Society established at London for the Encouragement of Arts feem determined to contribute all that lies in their power towards the advancement of agriculture. They have already done much, and there is reason to hope they will do more. A great variety of different machines for facilitating the practice of agriculture have been fent them, in confequence of their large premiums and bounties.

If to the foregoing fhort hiftory of improvements made in agriculture, we add the various works that have been lately published on that subject, we shall have fome idea of the perfection to which hufbandry might be carried, provided all the difcoveries and improvements scattered through these numerous writings were carefully collected, and blended together in one work

This is what the authors of the work before us have attempted, and, in our opinion, executed in a manner that deferves the VOL. XXVI. Nov. 1768. B b

countenance

countenance of the public; the performance containing the principal precepts, obfervations, and difcoveries contained in the writings of Linnæus, Barck, Tarello, Duhamel, Chateavieux, De Lifle, the marquis of Turbilly, Fitz-herbert, Hartlib, Platt, Evelyn, Houghton, Worlidge, Stillingfleet, Mortimer, Tull, Ellis, Miller, Hale, Lifle, Roque, Mills, &c together with thofe published by the fosieties of Bern, Lyons, Tours, Paris, Rouen, Dublin, Edinburgh, and London

The whole is ranged in alphabetical order, and every thing relating to the fame fubject is contained in one article. Thus the reader will find under the articles Wheat, Barley, Rye, Peafe, Beans, Turnips, &c. the whole method of cultivation; and the various improvements that have been made with regard to each refpectively,

Under the article Husbandry, a very full and accurate comparison is given, from a variety of authors, between the profits arifing from the different methods of cultivation, according to the precepts of the old and new husbandry, jo nuk

Nor is this treatife confined to the different fpecies of grain and vegetables cultivated in almost every part of the kingdom; those that are more uncommon, and confined as it were to particular diftri&s, are also considered in a very full and ample manner; fuch as Hemp, Flax, Hops, Madder, Maize, Pota toes, Saffron, Teazle, or Fuller's Thifile, Weid, or Dyer's Weed, &c. &c.

We have also here accounts of the advantages of cultivating. Bore cole, Cabbages, Carrots, Parfnips, &c. for feeding cattle; together with the best methods of cultivation.

The new Species of grafs lately introduced are here, defcribed, and the beft methods of cultivating them fully explained; fuch as Brid-grafs, Black-grafs, Timothy-grafs, &c.

Under the articles Farm, Common, Hay, Inclofing, Mowing, Ploughing, Seed, Sowing, Threfhing, &c. the reader will find very useful inftructions and obfervations, many of which are perhaps no where elfe to be found..

Befides the common machines used in the practice of huf Bandry, we have here ample descriptions and accurate drawings of Mr. Hewitt's new Horfe-hoe, Mr. Comber's Cutting-box, Mr. Clarke's Draining-plough, Mr. Ogden's Faliow-clean fing Machine, Mr. Randall's Spiky Roller, &c. &c.

Under the article Bee, the authors have given a very full account of that laborious and ufeful infect, together with all the improvements that have been made with regard to the management of Bees, and the methods of taking the wax and honey without deftroying them, according to the practice of White, Thorley, and Wildman,

Nor