Trade between the par

ties to be on an equal footing.

Concluded, signed, and sealed, at the Palace of Bardo, near Tunis, the 24th day of the moon jumed teni, in the year of the Hegira, 1239, corresponding the 24th of February, 1824, of the Christian year, and the 48th year of the Independence of the United States, reserving the same, nevertheless, for the final ratification of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

S. D. HEAP, Charge d'Affaires, (L. 8.)
SIDI MAHMOUD'S signature and (L. s.)

April

1824.

Ratified on the 1th Jan. 1825.

made Jan. 12. 1825.

CONVENTION

Between the United States of America and Russia. (a)

In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity:

The President of the United States of America and His Majesty the emperor of all the Russias, wishing to cement the bonds of amity Proclamation which unite them, and to secure between them the invariable maintenance of a perfect concord, by means of the present Convention, have named, as their Plenipotentiaries, to this effect, to wit: The President of the United States of America, HENRY MIDDLETON, a citizen of said States, and their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near his Imperial Majesty and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his beloved and faithful CHARLES ROBERT Count of NESSELRODE, actual Privy Counsellor, Member of the Council of State, Secretary of State directing the administration of Foreign Affairs, actual Chamberlain, Knight of the order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Grand Cross of the order of St. Wladimir of the first class, Knight of that of the White Eagle of Poland, Grand Cross of the order of St. Stephen of Hungary, Knight of the orders of the Holy Ghost and of St. Michael, and Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France, Knight Grand Cross of the orders of the Black and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the Annunciation of Sardinia, of Charles III. of Spain, of St. Ferdinand and of Merit of Naples, of the Elephant of Denmark, of the Polar Star of Sweden, of the Crown of Wirtemberg, of the Guelphs of Hanover, of the Belgic Lion, of Fidelity of Baden, and of St. Constantine of Parma; and PIERRE de POLETICA, actual Counsellor of State, Knight of the order of St. Anne of the first class, and Grand Cross of the order of St. Wladimir of the second; who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon, and signed, the following stipulations:

Navigation and fisheries of

the Pacific to be free to both parties.

Illicit trade to be prevented.

ARTICLE FIRST.

It is agreed, that, in any part of the Great Ocean, commonly called the Pacific Ocean, or South Sea, the respective citizens or subjects of the high contracting powers shall be neither disturbed nor restrained, either in navigation or in fishing, or in the power of resorting to the coasts, upon points which may not already have been occupied, for the purpose of trading with the natives, saving always the restrictions and conditions determined by the following articles:

ARTICLE SECOND.

With the view of preventing the rights of navigation and of fishing, exercised upon the great ocean by the citizens and subjects of the high contracting powers, from becoming the pretext for an illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United States shall not resort to any point where there is a Russian establishment, without the permission of the governor or commander; and that, reciprocally, the subjects of Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the United States upon the North West Coast.

(a) See treaty with Russia, post, 444.

CONVENTION

Entre les Etats-Unis d'Amérique et Russé.

Au nom de la très Sainte et Indivisible Trinité:

Le Président des Etats Unis d'Amérique, et Sa Majesté l'Empereur de toutes les Russies, voulant, cimenter les liens d'amitié qui les unissent, et assurer entre eux le maintien invariable d'un parfait accord, moyennant la présente Convention, ont nommé pour leurs Plénipotentiaires à cet effet, savoir: Le Président des Etats Unis d'Amérique, le Sieur HENRY MIDDLETON, citoyen des dits Etats, et leur Envoyé Extraordinaire et Ministre Plénipotentiaire près Sa Majesté Impériale: et Sa Majesté l'Empereur, de toutes les Russies, ses amés et féaux les Sieurs CHARLES ROBERT Comte de NESSELRODE, Conseiller Privé actuel, Membre du Conseil d'Etat, Secrétaire d'Etat Dirigeant le Ministère des affaires étrangères, Chambellan actuel, Chevalier de l'ordre de St. Alexandre Nevsky, Grand Croix de l'ordre de St. Wladimir de la 1re classe, Chevalier de celui de l'aigle blanc de Pologne, Grand Croix de l'ordre. de St. Etienne d'Hongrie, Chevalier des ordres du St. Esprit et de St. Michel et Grand Croix de celui de la Légion d'Honneur de France, Chevalier Grand Croix des ordres de l'aigle noir et de l'aigle rouge de Prusse, de l'annonciade de Sardaigne, de Charles III. d'Espagne, de St. Ferdinand et du mérite de Naples, de l'Eléphant de Danemarc, de l'Etoile Polaire de Suède, de la Couronne de Würtemberg, des Guelphes de Hanovre, du Lion Belge, de la Fidélité de Bade, et de St. Constantin de Parme: et PIERRE de POLETICA, Conseiller d'Etat actuel, Chevalier de l'ordre de St. Anne de la 1re classe, et Grand Croix de l'ordre de St. Wladimir de la seconde; lesquels apres avoir échangé leurs pleins-pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté et signé les stipulations suivantes :

ARTICLE PREMIER.

Il est convenu que dans aucune partie du grand océan, appelé communément Océan Pacifique ou Mer du Sud, les citoyens ou sujets respectifs des hautes puissances contractantes ne seront ni troublés, ni gênés soit dans la navigation, soit dans l'exploitation de la pêche, soit dans la faculté d'aborder aux côtes sur des points qui ne seroient pas déjà occupés, afin d'y faire le commerce avec les indigènes, sauf toutefois les restrictions et conditions déterminées par les articles qui suivent.

ARTICLE DEUXIÈME.

Dans la vue d'empêcher que les droits de navigation et de pêche exerceés sur le grand océan par les citoyens et sujets des hautes puissances contractantes ne deviennent le prétexte d'un commerce illicite, il est convenu, que les citoyens des Etats Unis n'aborderont à aucun point où il se trouve un établissement Russe, sans la permission du Gouverneur ou Commandant; et que réciproquement les sujets Russes ne pourront aborder sans permission à aucun établissement des Etats-Unis sur la côte nord ouest.

No establish. ment to be

formed by citi

zens of the U.S.

north of 54 de

grees 40 min

utes, or by Rus

sia south of the same latitude.

Interior seas to

nations for ten

years.

ARTICLE THIRD.

It is moreover agreed, that, hereafter, there shall not be formed by the citizens of the United States, or under the authority of the said States, any establishment upon the Northwest Coast of America, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of fifty four degrees and forty minutes of north latitude; and that, in the same manner, there shall be none formed by Russian subjects, or under the authority of Russia, south of the same parallel.

ARTICLE FOURTH.

It is, nevertheless, understood, that, during a term of ten years, be free to both counting from the signature of the present convention, the ships of both powers, or which belong to their citizens or subjects, respectively, may reciprocally frequent, without any hindrance whatever, the interior seas, gulphs, harbours, and creeks, upon the coast mentioned in the preceding article, for the purpose of fishing and trading with the natives of the country.

Certain articles always to be excepted from this commerce.

Ratifications

in ten months.

ARTICLE FIFTH.

All spirituous liquors, fire-arms, other arms, powder, and munitions of war of every kind, are always excepted from this same commerce permitted by the preceding article, and the two powers engage, reciprocally, neither to sell, nor suffer them to be sold to the natives by their respective citizens and subjects, nor by any person who may be under their authority. It is likewise stipulated that this restriction shall never afford a pretext, nor be advanced, in any case, to authorize either search or detention of the vessels, seizure of the merchandize, or, in fine, any measures of constraint whatever towards the merchants or the crews who may carry on this commerce; the high contracting powers reciprocally reserving to themselves to determine upon the penaltics to be incurred, and to.inflict the punishments in case of the contravention of this article, by their respective citizens or subjects.

ARTICLE SIXTH.

When this Convention shall have been duly ratified by the President to be exchanged of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate on the cne part, and on the other by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington in the space of ten months from the date below, or sooner, if possible. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention, and thereto affixed the seals of their arms.

Done at St. Petersburg, the y April, of the year of Grace one thou sand eight hundred and twenty-four.