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AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, etc. This Journal is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire No. 121. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. A Tour through Sicily, in the year 1815. SATURDAY, MAY 15, 1819. heard much conversation respecting the tion. PRICE 8d.. It is generally believed, that in all volcanic eruptions fire acts as the principal agent: in this of Macaluba, however, the result is very different; for after minute examination, not only on the summit, but round the sides and base, we could perceive no trace of any such element having been concerned either in the formation or working of this surprising production of nature: This volcano of air, if we may so express neither could we discover the least particle ourselves, whose effects resemble those of any matter that had undergone the action which have fire as their principal agent, has of fire. We next immersed our thermoits moments of calmness as well as those of meter in several of the craters, naturally great fermentation and labour; it produces, expecting to find the temperature much too, like other volcanos, earthquakes, sub-higher than in the open air; but here also terraneous thunder, and violent eruptions; we found ourselves greatly deceived, the rewhich last have, at times, thrown the mat- verse being the result of the experiment. ter so emitted more than one hundred feet The thermometer so immersed, about nine o'clock in the morning, stood at 64° according to Farenheit; but on being exposed to the atmosphere, it immediately rose to 720 after this experiment, we no longer sought the igneous element. above the summit of the craters. : The name Macaluba, by which this mountain is known, is of Arabian extraction, the word in that language signifying overthrowing. After describing Castro-giovanni, the Lake of Proserpine, and other curious places, we have the following account of Ispica and Noto. This Tour covers interesting ground, and though not written by the pen of a practised scholar, contains much that is entertaining and agreeable. Indeed the matter is far superior to the manner, notwithstanding that the former is rather more indebted to retrospects among the ancient historians and poets than we should have deemed necessary. The selections are, however, always judicious and to the purpose, so that if they convey a twice-told tale to the classic, they The base of Macaluba is nearly circular, will make some amends by their novelty and its height is about two hundred and to the general reader. The observations fifty feet, taken from a valley which surrounds it: this valley is, however, consideraupon the remains of early architecture bly elevated above the level of the sea. Its are more worthy of praise; and if we summit is about half a mile in circumference, premise that the style is faulty, and and terminated by a plain presenting rather sometimes ungrammatical to a degree a convex surface; it is besides extremely which an intelligent printer ought to steril. On this summit are a considerable have remedied, we are able with a number of little conic heights, the largest clearer conscience to bestow our appro- of which may be about nine feet in diamebation upon other qualities belonging to ter; and on the highest part of these cones, this work. The maps and plans are well which are in general under five feet, are craters, whose depth we were unable to On quitting Modica we proceeded towards executed, and a number of aquatint ascertain, being unprovided with a plumb- the valley of Ispica, through a country views, finished in a very beautiful way, line, or any other contrivance by which wholly covered with stones; and some afford distinct impressions of the re- such a purpose could be effected. The soil small rain, or rather a species of heavy dew, markable scenes depicted by the Author. appeared externally to be composed of clay, having fallen during the night, our journey It does not seem requisite for us mi- rather dry and cracked, and the hollow seover such unfrequented mountain tracks nutely to trace the route of our traveller pulchral noise caused by the action of walk-was, of course, rendered extremely diffi(with three German companions, who ing excited our most serious attention, and cult. Our mules, although the best animals for this kind of travelling, having frequently joined him at Rome) from Palermo to reminded us that in all probability we were Segeste, Vetrano, Siacca, Girgenti, Cas-then immediately over an immense gulf of stumbled, it was deemed more prudent to Cas-liquid mud, separated only by a thin co- alight and walk; we however had not gone tronovanni, Ragusa, Noto, Syracuse, vering of clay. more than fifty paces before we ourselves Catania, and Messina: we will rather The interior of the craters is moist, and fell, which circumstance induced us to submit a few extracts, relative to places out of which there constantly issues a spe- remount, being then perfectly convinced the least known, as specimens of his cies of brown diluted clay, which, after that the feet of those animals were much After having passed performance, and leave our readers to reaching the height of the lips or highest safer than our own. draw their own conclusions from these part, forms itself into little demi-globules; over some miles of this stony and deserted premises. We may, however, generally a few moments after this formation has country, we approached the brink of a deep remark, that Mr. Russell speaks enthu- taken place, these globules break, and the and narrow valley, whose appearance was siastically of the beauty, symmetry and confined air which they retained dispels as fruitful and luxuriant as the country itself; the diluted clay then runs down the through which we had passed was wild and grace of the Sicilian fair; that he con- flanks of these heights, and extends itself uncultivated, siders the Island altogether a century more or less on every side. Upon introbehind "the other nations of Europe" inducing a pole about twelve feet long into civilization; that he reckons the num- several of the craters, we found it produced bers devoted to the church at one-six- a kind of noise not unlike that of distant teenth of the whole population; and thunder: we observed upwards of one hunthat he noticed the entire prevalence of dred and fifty of these craters in full action, British manufactures in the marts of the besides many which had ceased to throw up the argillaceous matter, and our cicerone country. We now proceed to our ex-informed us that their number was continuamples: the first relates to an extraor-ally varying, some, as he said, " dying nary natural phenomenon. away, and others as constantly breaking During our residence at Girgenti, we | forth." After descending into this romantic vailey by means of an extremely steep path, we were highly gratified with that grand and magnificent, nay, almost alpine scenery, which presented itself on every side. We next entered the numerous chambers excavated in the rocks forming the sides of this interesting and natural recess, and which were in many places from eight to ten stories in height: these subterraneous retreats were about twenty feet in length, eight in width, and seven in height. Öpposite the door in most of them we observed a kind | the approach of travellers: in fact, the of niche, in which was a ring chiseled out children could not have expressed more of the natural stone, in all probability for anxiety, or have been more alarmed, if the purpose of attaching a goat, or some wild beasts had entered their peaceful and other domestic animal; and near the. en-retired abode, than they were in seeing trance was a basin likewise formed in the strangers enter the chambers and examine stone. Immediately above the entrance was this most extraordinary valley. a bevilled opening through the external face or wall, apparently made for the introduction of light and air when these gloomy caves were closed; and in almost all the chambers we discovered a recess in one of the sides, about six feet long and four wide, which evidently served the ancient inhabitants of these gloomy grottos as their place of rest. From Ispica they went to Noto, the capital of one of the three divisions of Sicily, respecting which little is said. We, however, select what follows. Our principal object in remaining here was for the purpose of viewing the celebrated museum of Don Antonio Astuto, Baron of Fargione. This museum conIn several of these chambers were various tains a most superb series of Greco Siculo rings in the walls, which appeared to have medallions, esteemed the most considerable been made for the purpose of suspending and most complete existing at the present different utensils; while in others were wide day; of Grecian coins and medals; of those grooves worked in the stone to serve in of Rome previously to the establishment of Tieu of shelves. We passed through up-consuls; of all the consular families; and wards of three miles of this extraordinary a valuable collection of the Roman emvalley, always finding the same excavations perors. There are besides numerous Sarain the same order, and under the same cenic coins, a splendid set of the kings and form: some, however, had a second chamber queens of Sicily from the expulsion of the excavated behind the first, while in others Saracens to the present period; and also we observed a round opening, by which a an extensive series of the medals of the communication was preserved with the floor popes, from the time of Martin the fifth. immediately above. In this opening were The various medallions and coins in this holes apparently made for the insertion of magnificent collection exceed six thousand, steps, in order more easily to ascend and and are in an excellent state of preservadescend from one to the other. tion. We also discovered many tombs excaThis museum likewise contains several vated out of the natural stone, and in the antique busts, among which are two exinterior of them were fragments of bones tremely fine, of Plato and Socrates, as well almost in a state of petrefaction, as well as various pieces of vases composed of a red-highly entertained also in looking over the as many statues and tripods. We were coloured earth. superb collection illustrating the natural history of Sicily, including the diversified lava of Etna, and the Lipari isles. The Baron was extremely civil and polite, and devoted the whole day in explaining the medallions, coins, and antiquities, within his justly celebrated museum. There is a long description of Syracuse, but we only copy the passage relating to the wines of that famous city. The immense number of chambers existing in this valley, induce most persons to suppose that it had originally been inhabited by a numerous colony. History, indeed, informs us, that the Lestrigons and Sicanians were the first inhabitants of - Sicily: the Lestrigons have been described as men of gigantic stature, whose origin was utterly unknown; and the Sicanians as a colony originally from the southern coast of Spain. We likewise learn from the same The different wines of Syracusa are, gesource, that they were unceasingly disput-nerally speaking, extremely fine, and some ing the possession of the fertile and abund- of them truly delicious, especially the Calaant plains of Lentini, and the country in the immediate vicinity of Etna: at length from Calabria, of a bright red colour, and brese, a wine made from a grape originally the Sicanians were obliged to yield, and possessing a very agreeable flavour: the the Lestrigons chased them away towards Moscatello is likewise a very superior wine, the south. Ispica is situated precisely in of a delicate flavour, and rich amber colour, this direction, when considered topographi- and which is generally introduced with the cally with respect to Etnu, and it was there- dessert. During one of our interviews with fore in all probability to this valley that the Signor Landolina Nava, he presented us with a bottle of wine that was very palatable, which he stated his late father, the Cavaliere, had made from the directions laid down by Hesiod and Homer. It is generally supposed that the ancients made, from these same directions, the wine used in the celebration of the sacred festivals of their gods. they retired. The circumstance of finding many Sicilian peasants still inhabiting these rude excavations astonished us greatly: their appearance seemed as wild and savage as ever their ancestors could have been; they lived apparently in the same manner, upon milk, fruit and vegetables, the natural productions of this fruitful spot. They kept their goats in the same situation, and attached to the same rings; they rested in the same places, and seemed frightened at Of Etna, we ought to say the account is good, because the Author (being prevented from accurate observation, by illness) has done us the honour to copy | it from Doctor Kephalides' (one of his companions) journal, which appeared in our publications of the 17th, 24th, and 31st of January 1818; but as that might be deemed a little outré or egotistical, we conclude with one quotation more, which embraces several interesting subjects. During our residence at Catania, we passed some evenings in conversazione with the Baron Recupero, who has devoted more than half a century in making observations upon Etna. This nobleman has been for several years engaged in writing a history of this mountain, which is to form two quarto volumes; the first is published, and the other is expected speedily to follow. The Baron, as well as his brother, the professor of natural history in the university of this city, not only received us very courteously, but communicated much useful and interesting information respecting this terrific volcano; and also permitted us to see his valuable collection of coins and precious stones, which although small, contains several excellent medallions of Philistides, evidently representing her at different periods of life: he also possesses an extremely fine intaglio of the rape of Proserpine upon a sardonyx, the form of which is oval, with a conjugate diameter of three inches: Pluto and Proserpine are here represented in a car drawn by two horses, and Cyane, one of her favourite nymphs, is sitting appareatly in a very dejected state at the forcibly This nobleman likewise possesses two vases carrying away of her beloved companion. of some celebrity on account of their respective paintings: one of them representing a man who had incautiously entered a sacred wood, in the act of being devoured by dogs; and the other depicting the memorable combat between Hector and Pa troclus. the public that this is a pleasing production, but that its own pages will be consulted for a fact which we are desirous We trust these extracts will not satisfy of stating, in spite of our critical acumen having been offended by the blemishes we have felt bound to point out. THE ROYAL MINSTREL; an Epic Poem. (Concluded.) We return with pleasure to Mr. Pennie's Epic Poem, The Royal Minstrel, (See No. 116,) for the purpose of making some further extracts; the first of which we shall take from the close of the third book, descriptive of a Storm, compared with the previous rage of battle :— Muffled in pall of deepest Stygian woof; To singe the raven locks of frighted Night, And, like an infant still'd, laughs through her tears, That glittering hang on every bloomy spray. Loose o'er the shoulders of the bridegroom A purple mantle set with precious stones; The following passage, which introduces the scene of carnage, must close our extracts: So on the strand the anxious merchant stands | Saul, and David's splendid coronation. Now begins. The conflict's bellowing roar! The banners wave, The swordmen close, ten thousand falchions gleam, And clash harsh thunder.-'Tis the voice of death!. A thousand wounds spout blood, and o'er the plain tones The general brevity of our remarks Deep in a beauteous glen of Carmel fam'd, dews On ev'ry op'ning bud and balmy herb. stoop With clipping clang, and rob them of their robes vales, Re-echo with their sweetly-plaintive wail. The army of Philistia marching to attack the Hebrews, begins the eleventh book; and as a fair specimen of the While from their orbs love's radiant lightnings poetry employed in that part of the shot, Flinging a magic beauty o'er his face, Half hid by bright Hyperion's golden curls, these true friends take an affectionate Still to the spot where David disappear'd Tristful, the palace of his tyrant sire. work, we quote the simile at its com mencement: So pours the hive Its millions on the wing-emburden'd air, Battalion on battalion, square on square, Legion on legion, till the army all plains, Daring to deeds of warfare Israel's host! The last book contains a description A crimson deluge flows; innum'rous groans The soul-inspiring trumpet's music drowns. And with tremendous roar heav'n's concave fill, Dash'd by the howling storm, augment the din; Commingled with the corses of the slain, Undaunted meets his fate, and as he dies Although the passages we have quoted 308 THE LITERARY GAZETTE, AND BOWDICH'S MISSION TO ASHANTEE (Continued from No. 117.) The history of the nation with which the author has made us acquainted, is that of a barbarous people, unable to compute time: the annals of Ashantee are hardly worth investigating. Their language is from the same root with the languages of Fantee, Warsaw, Akim, Assin, and Aquapim; and whether derived from the interior or the coast seems of little consequence. Of late they have subjugated many neighbouring states, which are immediately placed under Ashantee viceroys, or have their kings made tributary. One of the latter (the king of Akim) in 1741, (The last who had the ing without consulting the pynins or elders) desiring to go to war with his neighbours, was obliged to obtain permission from the Ashantee government, which he did by the promise of sending them half the spoil; swear on his fetish, to kill and bury him, laid: the son fulfilled the oath, and reand never to discover where the bodies were turned to Apollonia, but I am not certain what became of him. After Suikee had seated himself firmly on the stool, he by were concealed; he caused them to be dug some means discovered where the bodies up, and taken to Apollonia town; he then ranged them in a sitting posture, in a row along the beach, with stakes to extend their spectacle was exhibited until even their arms, and support their heads: this horrid bones had perished. One of Suikee's first death, or a heavy fine, for any one to swear acts after his accession, was to consecrate his hiding place in the bush, making it by Suikee's bush, and not to keep the oath. months on a visit at Dwabin, deaf to the re- river) by fixing his feet on the ground, to humanity. cut out by the fetish men who follow the Several of the hearts of the enemy are mixed (with much ceremony and incantaarmy, and the blood and small pieces being tion) with various consecrated herbs, all those who have never killed an enemy before eat a portion, for it is believed that if they secretly wasted by the haunting spirit of did not, their vigour and courage would be the deceased. It was said that the King and all the dignitaries partook of the heart of whispered; that they wore the smaller any celebrated enemy; this was only joints, bones, and the teeth, of the slain monarchs, was evident as well as boasted. One man was pointed out to me, as always eating the heart of the enemy he killed but, gaining little or nothing, he did not do announced to him, that if he was not pre- with his own hand. The number of an army so. He soon afterwards heard of Aquissi's intention, to demand his head; and knowing that King's word was irrevocable, he summoned his ministers, and desired to sacrifice his life for the quiet of his people: his ministers insisted on sharing his fate; and a barrel of powder being brought for each to sit on, they drank a large quantity sent at the approaching Yam custom, he would be deprived of the stool. It is said, is ascertained or preserved in cowries or that this woman refused to accompany him coin by Apokoo. When a successful geneto Coomassie, either dreading the resentment of his mother, a woman of violent short distance from the capital, to receive ral returns, he waits about two days a', a passions, and great ambition, or, which is the King's compliments, and to collect all more probable, influenced by her father to the splendour possible for his entrée, to enof rum, and blew themselves up with the ments, to accelerate the ruin of Saï Quamina, by the addition of warlike names, more termingle this repugnance with her blandish-courage the army and infatuate the people. The most famous generals are distinguished fire from their pipes. Other curious anecdotes of forty and fifty years later date will serve to illustrate the dreadful customs of these savages. which he was not without hopes might lead the dethronement is interesting. Appia to his own aggrandisement. The form of Danqua, whose power seems to have been equal to that of mayor of the palace, repaired to the King's mother with the chief captains, her son, commanded her to remonstrate and deliberately recounting the offences of with him, as the daughter of their old king, and the parent to whom he owed his elevation. koo was called Aboawassa, because he was rific than glorious, as they designate their manner of destroying their prisoners. Apoin the habit of cutting off their arms. Appia, Sheäboo, as he beats their heads in pieces with a stone. Amanqua, Abiniowa, as he cuts off their legs. part of a campaign, from all food but meal, The army is prohibited during the active which each man carries in a small bag at water he comes to; this, they allege, is to prevent cooking fires from betraying their his side, and mixes in his hands with the first position, or anticipating a surprise. In the intervals, (for this meal is seldom eaten boossee or gooroo nut. This meal is very nourishing, and soon satisfies; we tried ít more than once a day) they chew the on our march down. Ashantee spies have Castle, with no other supply than this meal the high trees overlooking Cape Coast and a little water, before the army has been stationed three and four days in shewn itself. There is always a distinct body of recruits with the army, to dispatch those with their knives whom the musket The government finding a pretext to invade Banda, the King Odrasee vigorously opposed the Ashantee army; but at length, seeing he must inevitably fall into their hands, to prevent his head being found, assisted in the private council, affecting to The mother, who no doubt had which circumstance he knew would sorely bewail her own misfortune and her son's disquiet the enemy, and solace his own disgrace, confessed, with secming relucpeople, ordered, just before he killed him-tance, that her remonstrances had already self, a woman to be sacrificed, and the ab- been despised, that the king had even atdomen being ripped, his head to be sewn tempted her life, and begged them to raise up within it, and her body afterwards to be their second son, Sai Apokoo, to the stool buried in the heap of the slain. It was dis- the elder had forfeited. This was complied covered by bribes, and is now on one of the with, and they sent Saï Quamina a few of King's great drums. On the death of the late King of Amana-into the bush and build himself a croom, his women and slaves, desiring him to retire hea, two competitors for the stool appeared, and on his death, which happened soon after, one called Suikee or Suiquah; the other's as it was said, from the poignancy of his name I am ignorant of. Both collected feelings, they made the greatest custom for their slaves and adherents, and fought. him which had ever been known. The Suikee was obliged to fly, and hide himself sable Cleopatra died soon after him. It was n the bush; but the people being dissatis-whispered, that those he had formerly in- has only wounded, and they are all expected fied with the conqueror, Suikce re-appeared jured incessantly insulting him in his reagainst the town. When his rival was re-tirement, even to abusing his wives hefore enemy, or they are not esteemed of produced beyond all hope, he threw all his his face, he had a private interview with mise, and dismissed to some servile occuto return well armed from despoiling the gold, which filled several jars, into the lake; the present King, communicated several pation. I could not find that they had any and then collecting his wives and the diffe- schemes of conquests, invoked him to dis-idea of fortifications, though undoubtedly t branches of his family, went with them trust, and, if possible, to punish those who re... mote part of the bush, and cut all had forsaken him, and implored death; into a r with the exception of one which was inflicted (as the blood of the royal common to the large cities on the Niger. ed to assist him in family could not be shed, and as he could burying the bodies. He then made his son not be privately drowned in the sacred their throats, son, whom he rese.. ticulars in this volume, that we must |